The environmental change by the society is recurring and has been intensified since the first civilizations. However, the lack of conservationist practices has caused the emergence of degraded areas, whose recovery is fundamental for the sustainability. In this context, this paper aims at analyzing the environmental recovery as a public policy strategy supported in the Brazilian legislation. As methodology, a documental and analytical research was developed on the regulations, discussed at a multidisciplinary perspective, from the view of legal and engineering specialists, from the agricultural and environmental areas. As a result, it was identified a collection of rules pointing at a significant commitment on the definition of guidelines. On the other hand, this meaningful quantity of legal mechanisms, associated to misalignment, may cause damages to its effectiveness. In conclusion, we can consider that environmental reclamation is widely regulated, and it represents one of the main strategies of the environmental public policy adopted in Brazil. Nevertheless, it still requires advances to combine harmoniously practical and theoretical-conceptual aspects. Thus, considering the moment that Brazil is consolidating a new Forestry Code, we hope that the achieved outcomes can contribute to the debate and mobilization about the environmental reclamation as a strategy for sustainability.
The paper proves the necessity to introduce a new economic category – fiscal sustainability. It is proved that the category introduced will allow justifying the taxable capacity of the organization. The characteristic of the existence of three possible states of fiscal sustainability is given: deficit – perfect – surplus. Some exogenous and endogenous factors affecting the fiscal sustainability are highlighted: taxation scheme used; geographical position of an enterprise; level of development of tax planning and forecasting in an organization; participation in a shadow economy, changes in the level of economic development; changes in tax legislation; changes in tax burden; changes in the level of control by tax authorities; changes in the level of inflation. A possible existence of operational, tactical, strategic, as well as global and local fiscal sustainability is suggested. Recognizing the need to assess the fiscal sustainability for its control, a proposal on the necessity to take into account such indicators as viability, flexibility, and adaptability is put forward. ; В работе обосновывается необходимость введения новой экономической категории – налоговая устойчивость. Доказывается, что вводимая категория позволит обосновать налоговый потенциал организации. Дается характеристика существования трех возможных состояний налоговой устойчивости: дефицитное – идеальное – профицитное. Выделяется состав экзогенных и эндогенных факторов, влияющих на налоговую устойчивость: применяемый режим налогообложения; географическое положение предприятия; уровень развития налогового планирования и прогнозирования в организации; участие в теневой экономике, изменение уровня развития экономики; изменение налогового законодательства; изменение налоговой нагрузки; изменение уровня контроля со стороны налоговых органов; изменение уровня инфляции. Высказывается предположение о возможном существовании оперативной, тактической и стратегической налоговой устойчивости, а также глобальной и локальной. Признавая необходимость оценки налоговой устойчивости для управления ею, выдвинуто предложение о необходимости задействования для этого показателей жизнеспособности, гибкости, адаптивности.
The agroecology does not yet provide tools and analysis criteria to develop local and regional strategies, where political and institutional aspects play a key role. This article aims to contribute to overcoming these deficiencies by the theoretical foundation of how it should be Agroecology involved in politics. Family farming is the subject. It is through her that already develops agroecology, getting a transition from the model of traditional agriculture, which provides food security for an alternative model. First, it is argued that, as a socio-ecological construction, agro-ecosystems is the product of power relations. Secondly, it shows the close relationship that the dynamics of agro-ecosystems have with politics and therefore the important role they occupy in agroecological transition. Currently you can see that there is very little reflection on the politics of Agroecology. However, the range of agroecological movements and experiences that are held at different levels of both local and regional governments advise the development of political aspects of agro-ecological theory. Finally, a diagnosis attempted under the situation of global food system, in which the context of agroecological experiments must be developed.
Статья посвящена определению сущности профессиональной устойчивости бакалавров машиностроительного профиля. Затронутая тема является актуальной, о чем свидетельствует обозначенная правительством заинтересованность в формировании конкурентоспособного кадрового потенциала России. В условиях санкций и напряженной обстановки с западными странами остро встал вопрос автоматизации машиностроительных производств [3], совершенствования технологий и развития независимого отечественного производства, что невозможно без квалифицированных специалистов. В связи с этим перед учебными заведениями страны ставятся новые задачи. В статье проведен обзор литературы по изучаемой тематике. Проанализированы различные формулировки термина «устойчивость», отмечена разноплановость рассматриваемого понятия, его неоднозначность и, в каком-то смысле, противоречивость. Для наглядности приведены примеры устойчивости различных объектов, рассмотрены варианты устойчивого и неустойчивого состояний. Отмечено наличие значительного количества исследований, посвященных изучению профессиональной устойчивости в различных сферах трудовой деятельности. Для профессии «учитель», формирующей и воспитывающей будущее поколение, приоритетными являются качества, позволяющие не просто работать с детьми, а вкладывать в эту работу всего себя без остатка. Поэтому большинство из этих исследований посвящено профессиональной устойчивости педагогов. Большое значение устойчивости придается в отраслях, которые связаны с обеспечением безопасности людей, когда определенные качества позволяют снизить либо исключить факторы риска. На основании изученного материала выявлены основные компоненты профессиональной устойчивости будущих инженеров и составлена ее структурная схема. The article is devoted to the essence of professional sustainability of mechanical engineering bachelor's degree students. The topic raised is relevant, as evidenced by the interest indicated by the government in the formation of a competitive human resource potential of Russia. Under the conditions of sanctions and tense situation with Western countries, the issue of automation of machine-building productions [3], improvement of technologies and development of independent domestic production, which is impossible without qualified specialists, has risen sharply. In this regard, new tasks are being set before state educational institutions. The article provides a review of the literature on the subject under study. Various formulations of the term "sustainability" have been analyzed, the versatility of the concept under consideration, its ambiguity and, in a certain sense, inconsistency have been noted. For evidentness, examples of the sustainability of various objects are given, variants of sustainable and unsustainable states are considered. It is noted that there is a significant number of studies devoted to the study of professional sustainability in various fields of work. For the profession of "teacher", which forms and educates the future generation, the priority is the qualities that allow not just to work with children, but to invest in this work in this work with all of yourself. Therefore, most of these studies are devoted to the professional sustainability of teachers. Great importance is given to resilience in industries that are associated with ensuring the safety of people, when certain qualities can reduce or eliminate risk factors. Based on the studied material, the main components of the professional stability of future engineers are identified and its structural scheme is made.
The article is devoted to studying the peculiarities of the formation of a regional stability system in the crisis of mono-polar geopolitical projects. The characteristics of the social transformations peculiar to the modern world community are given. The author reveals the specifics of the relationship in the global-regional world order. The creation of adequate principles of the new world system involves appealing to the society historical roots, where self-identification of a particular society took place. The author»s position is based on the thesis that the region occupies a special position among the most important subjects of globalization. The growing authority of the region as a real subject of world politics has led to the demand for a new system to counter globalization pressure. Separate part self-sufficiency of the world space has caused a new system of stability. In addition, a new system of relations between parts of the geopolitical space is being formed. The threat of sociocultural identity loss determines the regional vector activation. The author reveals the specifics of interacting global and regional factors in the crisis social space. The author concludes that humanity natural desire for integration does not preclude the regional activity in the economic and cultural fields. The article shows that solving the problems of modern Russia involves taking into account the traditions historically developed in the vast Eurasian region. ; Статья посвящена исследованию особенностей формирования системы региональной устойчивости в условиях кризиса монополярных геополитических проектов. Дается характеристика социальных трансформаций, характерных для современного мирового сообщества. Автор раскрывает специфику взаимоотношений в глобально-региональном мироустройстве. Создание адекватных принципов новой мировой системы предполагает обращение к историческим корням общества, в которых происходила самоидентификация конкретного социума. Авторская позиция базируется на тезисе, согласно которому регион занимает особое положение в ряду важнейших субъектов глобализации. Рост авторитета региона как реального субъекта мировой политики обусловил востребованность новой системы противодействия глобализационному давлению. Новая система устойчивости была обусловлена самодостаточностью отдельных частей мирового пространства. Кроме того, формируется новая система взаимоотношений между отдельными частями геополитического пространства. Активизация регионального вектора также обусловлена угрозой потери социокультурной идентичности. Автор раскрывает специфику взаимодействия глобальных и региональных факторов в кризисном социальном пространстве. Автор приходит к выводу, что закономерное стремление человечества к интеграции не исключает региональной активности в экономической и культурной областях. В статье показано, что решение проблем современной России предполагает учет традиций, исторически сложившихся на территории огромного евразийского региона.
The concept of sustainability management is gaining popularity due to the fact that maintaining a balance of economic, social and environmental principles can improve efficiency of management. Implementation of sustainability management concept in practice meets with difficulties to spread these institutions in society – in the peoples' minds, business processes and politics. In order to implement sustainability management in practice, integrate sustainability strategy into the organization's culture, we need to learn more about the values and benefits that sustainability management creates, as well as abut the motives and factors that will actually work. Our study is focused on the concept of sustainability management, in particular on the motives and values of sustainability management in organizations/projects. To conduct our study we used a structured online survey with managers of organizations in Russia. Our data-frame includes answers from 76 respondents from different regions of Russia. ; Концепция управления устойчивостью набирает все большую популярность благодаря тому, что соблюдение баланса экономического, социального и экологического принципов позволяет повысить эффективность управления. При внедрении на практике концепция управления устойчивостью сталкивается с трудностью внедрения в институты общества – в сознание людей, бизнес-процессы и политику. Для того чтобы внедрить управление устойчивостью на практике, интегрировать стратегию устойчивости в культуру организации, мы должны больше узнать о ценностях и выгодах, которые создает управление устойчивостью, а также о мотивах и факторах, которые действительно будут работать. Исследование сфокусировано на концепции управления устойчивостью, в частности на мотивах и ценности управления устойчивостью в организации/проектах; использован метод структурированного онлайн опроса менеджеров организаций в России. Получены и обработаны ответы 76 респондентов из разных регионов России.
This article aims to contribute to the debate of the creative economy (EC) without context of sustainability, a little explicit association found since the early writings. The means of identifying interrelationships between the terms used in the literature to define EC [creative class, creative city, creative education, culture, economics (s) and cultural and creative sciences] and eight dimensions of sustainability (environmental, social, economic, cultural, technological, ethical, territorial and political), where the terms set forth another meaning. It was concluded that a relationship between creative and sustainable paradigm is a consequence, rather than a first intention, proclaimed paradigm break in the twentieth century models of modern development. ; Este artigo tem como objetivo contribuir para o debate da economia criativa (EC) no contexto da sustentabilidade, uma associação pouco explícita que se encontra desde os primeiros escritos. O faz por meio da identificação de inter-relações entre termos utilizados na literatura para definir EC (classe criativa, cidade criativa, educação criativa, cultura, economia(s) e indústrias culturais e criativas) e oito dimensões da sustentabilidade (ambiental, social, econômica, cultural, tecnológica, ética, territorial e política), onde os termos encontram outro sentido. Conclui-se que a estreita relação entre o paradigma criativo e o sustentável é uma consequência, mais do que uma intenção primeira, da proclamada quebra de paradigma nos modelos de desenvolvimento moderno do século XX. ; Este artículo tiene como objetivo contribuir al debate de la economía creativa (EC) en el contexto de la sostenibilidad, una asociación que es presiente pero no explícita desde los primeros escritos. Lo hace identificando las interrelaciones entre los términos utilizados en la literatura para definir EC [clase creativa, ciudad creativa, educación creativa, cultura, economía (s) e industrias culturales y creativas] y ocho dimensiones de la sostenibilidad (ambiental, social, económico, cultural, tecnológico, ético, territorial y político), donde los términos encuentran otro significado. De ello se deduce que la estrecha relación entre los paradigmas creativo y sostenible es una consecuencia, más que una intención primaria, del cambio de paradigma proclamado en los modelos de desarrollo modernos del siglo XX.
This work analyzes the Agenda 2030 in its main potentiality to lead public policies and private actions towards a more sustainable path. At the same time it acknowledges its dependency on measurements and finance mechanisms for the Sustainable Development Goals implementation. The main argument is that public expectations face difficulties to be translated in public actions, due to, among other factors, the lack of measurement and finance mechanisms. With this purpose it starts describing what is the Agenda 2030, and how this United Nations lead international declaration is structured to be monitored and implemented by States and others multi stakeholders. Secondly it analyses the importance of the measurements to address critical social environmental challenges and to allow comparison between the achievements of each member state. Third it remarks the role-played by international financial institutions, by international investment and by the private sector in general. Forth, the article highlights the drawbacks the methodology of goals can represent when used to overcome collective challenges marked by moral issues and diffuse impacts, being highly dependent on measurements and finance tools. The methodology chosen was the descriptive and normative, the techniques used were documentary, legislative and bibliographic research.
A partir da década de 70 do século XX o capital adentra numa crise estrutural, causando com isso, efeitos danosos a vida humana de maneira continuada e rastejante. Devido aos danos econômicos, políticos e ecológicos de um modo de produção destrutivo de nossa época, o capital tenta dar resposta a sua crise estrutural. Tem-se em vários setores da sociedade e mais precisamente na educação, o surgimento do discurso da sustentabilidade como possibilidade na resolução dos conflitos de nossa época. Proporemos-nos analisar o discurso sobre a educação para o desenvolvimento sustentável contidos nos projetos do Banco Mundial e da ONU a partir da década de 90 do século XX. Procuraremos demonstrar as permanências e rupturas desse dizer, as possibilidades e limites desse novo projeto desenvolvimentista na reprodução da sociabilidade capitalista. Acreditamos que ao explicitarmos a voz ideológica do capital a sua crise, demonstrando o seu funcionamento, sua operacionalidade e limites, estaremos também, contribuindo para ecoar o que se quer silenciar, ou seja, a insustentabilidade de um sistema que refrea o livre desenvolvimento dos indivíduos. Com isso, a sustentabilidade da humanidade terá como possibilidade efetiva apenas quando o controle social da produção, da circulação e do consumo estiverem sob o controle consciente dos trabalhadores associados, ou seja, numa sociedade para além da escravidão assalariada do capital, numa sociabilidade comunista.
The author considers and differentiates the concepts of political stability and political sustainability in the federative system and identifies the specifics of the federative political process. On the basis of the analysis of the standard theoretical approaches to political stability and political sustainability the author defines the essence of federative stability and federative sustainability. ; Статья посвящена рассмотрению и разграничению понятий политической стабильности и политической устойчивости в рамках федеративной системы, выявлению специфики федеративного политического процесса. На основе анализа общепринятых теоретических подходов к политической стабильности и политической устойчивости автор определяет сущность федеративной стабильности и федеративной устойчивости.
Taking as starting point some peculiarities of the archaeological and urban environment involved in the planning of Rome new underground line – what we mentioned as "romanities" –, this article proposes some reflections on the topic of sustainable public procurement and its strategic use as privileged instrument for the promotion of horizontal public policies in the light of the European Union normative paradigm on the matter. The article brings a definition of sustainable public procurement and presents the European Union normative framework that offers a wide juridical legitimisation to the institution as a parameter that must orientate the decisions of the contracting authorities. Furthermore, it demonstrates from a case study how public policies for ecological and cultural protection can be legitimately introduced into public procurement procedures. The case study involves the construction of a new subway line (Line C) – the most modern infrastructure of public transportation of this kind in Italy –, and how it seems to be contributing to the growth of the levels of sustainability of the cultural and urban environment for the benefit of Rome.
