Suchergebnisse

Este artículo explora un concepto de seguridad energética sustentable fincada en el bienestar de la sociedad mexicana y que integra los compromisos asumidos en el Acuerdo de París ante la Convención Marco de Cambio Climático de la ONU (CNUMCC), en 2015 y ratificado en septiembre de 2016 por el Senado. Analiza el concepto de seguridad energética en el contexto internacional y en el mexicano, examina la evolución de la extracción de hidrocarburos, los impactos geopolíticos en los precios globales del crudo, los conflictos, las repercusiones en las finanzas públicas y en Petróleos Mexicanos, así como el incremento de actores ilegales que roban los combustibles fósiles. El texto propone que la crisis actual en los precios de los hidrocarburos abre a México la posibilidad de estimular las energías renovables, que el país posee en abundancia, si bien el gobierno mexicano ha fincado su seguridad energética en hidrocarburos fósiles y pretende cumplir con los compromisos internacionales produciendo energía limpia mediante inversión extranjera. Finalmente, se propone un concepto holístico de seguridad energética que integra factores de seguridad humana, ambiental, económica, societal y de género, que abre a México la posibilidad de una política energética a largo plazo, fincada en la sustentabilidad, la equidad y el bienestar ciudadano colectivo.

Después de examinar los objetivos y el nuevo dispositivo institucional creado a la luz de reforma energética de 2013-2014 para atender la problemática social vinculada con los proyectos de energía en comunidades y municipios, este artículo analiza las aportaciones y, sobre todo, las carencias de esta legislación en vista de sugerir algunas alternativas. Asimismo, pone en evidencia la naturaleza del problema de gobernabilidad que subyace tras la espiral de conflictividad que surge con la presencia de los desarrolladores en las comunidades. Como parte de una investigación más amplia, este trabajo utiliza las múltiples entrevistas a profundidad con diferentes grupos de actores (gubernamentales, empresas, comunidades, académicos, periodistas, consultores, etc.) para complementar la búsqueda hemerográfica realizada. La originalidad de este trabajo consiste en que: a) ofrece una visión histórica del nuevo andamiaje institucional para regular los impactos sociales (comparada con las graves deficiencias anteriores) y estudia las aportaciones de los cambios legislativos en derechos humanos, indígenas y responsabilidad social empresarial para la nueva regulación; b) muestra cómo la certeza jurídica que pretende brindar el nuevo marco regulatorio está in fine vinculada con el viejo problema de gobernabilidad que el país no ha logrado resolver hasta la fecha.

The historical development of contemporary capitalism has produced an environmental crisis of global dimensions. The predominance of harmful capital technology determines the deployment of the capital productive forces that overexploit and pollute nature in ways never seen before. In this context, the present study aims to advance towards the reconstruction of the ecological streak of Marxism from Marx's critical discourse, distancing itself from both the hegemonic imaginaries of sustainability. An exploratory analysis of documents was followed to present the arguments that both Conventional Economics (CE) and environmental economics deploy to try to explain contemporary environmental devastation, and subsequently, from this impotent criticism and prey to the logic of the market and value as a social form, it goes on to structure the hegemonic imaginaries of sustainability. In this sense, this paper argues for the need for the critical and scientific discourse of Karl Marx to think about the environmental devastation and the objective conditions of possibility for ecological capitalism; thus, it was possible to address the ecological and political-libertarian dimension of Marx's thought and the task of developing it to break with the hegemonic views of sustainability; and overcome the series of misrepresentations and misstatements that have been made to an alleged anti-ecological view of Marx. The study concluded that, while the struggle for the environment has become somewhat urgent, this front does not replace that of the class struggle; that is, the contradiction between capital and nature does not subordinate to the contradiction between capital and labor but, on the contrary, updates it. Therefore, the validity of Marx's critical discourse is essential, in its genesis and development, to make an ecological criticism of the economics and politics of contemporary capitalism.

This study aimed to describe and analyze social responsibility communications management at large companies in Ecuador, Colombia, and Chile and contribute empirical observations to understand sustainability management in Latin America better. The study followed a quantitative approach and conducted a survey based on the Communications and Sustainability Convergence Model. The survey was administered to 96 executives in the three countries, who were asked to rate their practices in these two dimensions. Notwithstanding the limitations associated with survey respondents self-evaluating their practices, we found that most of the companies surveyed categorize their communications and sustainability management as more strategic than tactical and that their practices fit within a scenario known as the Common Good, which aims at creating a triple social, economic and environmental value. However, conceptual differences emerge when understanding sustainability and where it should be focused within the organization. Further research is recommended to help achieve a consensus on the concept of sustainability and how it can be implemented through communications initiatives that benefit both organizations and the communities in which they operate.

By means of the modeling methodology, the object of the study was the theoretical and practical aspects of overcoming environmental crises as a factor to achieve sustainability. In today's world, several crises are combined: social, political, cultural and moral, the crisis of democracy, ideology and the general crisis of the capitalist system. More specifically, the economic and environmental crises are linked to the financial crises and the existing disorientation is due, to a large extent, to the financial risks that have affected the ecological footprint of civilization. As a result of the tasks set, the concept of planetary boundaries has emerged as an effective means of measuring the state of the planet and its threats. In this sense, the concept of an economy in need of transformation has been formed, as environmental growth and technological progress are accompanied and even accelerated by economy and resource efficiency. It is concluded that, current trends on Earth are not sustainable, and traditional responses to these problems often depend on the type of economic growth that is strongly associated, simultaneously, with additional resource consumption and the policies that make it possible.

Sustainability is on the center of green politics. Yet this position hardly corresponds to a non-existent conceptual unanimity, spread of the concept has multiplied its meanings & implications. It is therefore necessary to take on a conceptual review of it, for clarity's sake. And sustainability turns out to be a neutral & generic principle, admitting a number of variations & ways of achievement. Such intrinsically normative character is closely related to a dimension of the principle which the literature tends to ignore, specially due to the pre-political definition of it greens tend to embrace: connection between sustainability & democracy. It facilitates the distinction between two forms of sustainability, differently related to social & political organization & to democratic articulation of public participation. It is only on the grounds of such a distinction & of a conception of sustainability aware of its normative character that a renewed & viable green politics is can be constructed, far from early environmentalism dogmatism & able to find a new foundation for sustainability & itself. Tables, References. Adapted from the source document.

The strong pressure exerted by urban planning on rural territories means that they are threatened in their ways of life and production, the exodus of the young generation threatens the loss of ancestral knowledge in crop management, making agricultural activity vulnerable. Hence, the objective of this study was to evaluate the sustainability of ancestral technologies around green onion in the community of El Bajo, San Francisco, Zulia, Venezuela. The work is framed in the empirical-inductive exploratory episteme, correspondent a non-experimental ex post facto, transactional design. For the analysis, the Management Sustainability Index was estimated, compound of partial economic, social, environmental and technological indices. For each index, indicators valued on a scale of 0 to 2 were displayed; where 0 represents low sustainability and 2 high sustainability, these were reflected in a questionnaire applied to farmers. In addition, an analysis of main components was carried out, which allowed establishing groups from the generated indices. The results showed that the ancestral technology of producing under the "Barbacoas" system has an average sustainability of 1.22, revealing that the economic factor (IPSE 0.9) represents the lowest contribution to sustainability and the technological factor (IPST 1,45) the one with the greatest contribution, the use of "Barbacoas" is supported by the solid knowledge of ecological agronomic practices that have been used for decades and that have been inherited from generation to generation. The principal components analysis allowed us to identify three components or factors that explain 77.2% of the total variance, group 1, for whom the technology of Barbacoas as a production system (ISPT 60.9%) has greater weight, represented by experienced farmers, older adults; group 2, those who produce based on the generation of sufficient income to satisfy the elementary needs of the family, within these, are the farmers with a medium level of education (IPSE 86.5%) and in group 3 those who attach importance to aspects related to the protection of the environment and its relationship with production (IPSA 87.7%). Despite the fact that there are few active farmers, the results reveal important differences that threaten the continuity of this technology. The path to the sustainability of the territories begins with the union and organization of farmers, promoting the interaction of institutions, government and community.

Recommends development strategies for Latin America which emphasize modernization of production, social equality, and environmental sustainability.

In this article, the author analyzes, within the framework of cities growth, the free market, the impoverishment of rural sectors, of the ecological degradation & the lost of biodiversity, the urgent theme of the environment in the world's agenda & his urban & regional sustainability. In his work, the author obliges to re-think the globality in first instance from local space, valuating that this process has just brought benefits to few countries & transnational enterprises that, making use of money & technology, had accelerated the no socioambiental sustainability. Adapted from the source document.

Ecotourism is based on the economic use of the natural areas and monuments of a given community, whose practice is based on sustainability, responsibility and the wellbeing of the local population. The development of this type of policy must be based on specifically designed planning and management, supported by the principles of conservation and sustainability. The objective of this article was to identify the theoretical guidelines involved in the development of a coherent ecotourism promotion policy. In order to achieve the proposed objective, a phenomenological and hermeneutic methodology was used, with a predominance of digital documentary sources, whose main theme was the formulation and design of policies that promote ecotourism, its promotion and development, which were analyzed and discussed to draw up the conclusions of the study. The results obtained lead to the conclusion that the theoretical guidelines for the development of a policy to promote ecotourism focus on nature conservation, sustainability, local development and environmental education, understood as forces capable of promoting sustainable development as a whole.

Based on the experience of the psychosocial international project, "City, Identity, & Sustainability" (CIS), & the discussions of the CIS network, the concept of sustainability is analyzed in terms of its political origin, the texts of international documents on sustainable development, & the ambiguities & polysemia of its definitions & use by different actors & agencies. The analysis focuses on the confrontation between political diversity & the aims of common action in a world made up of a diversity of regional economies & large international corporations, where the inequity between North & South is responsible for the destruction of traditions. 13 References. Adapted from the source document.