This article sets forth the recoding of organizational decision premises during merger and acquisition processes. A multifunctional analysis was conducted for a Brazilian technology start-up that was acquired by a Brazilian market leader, a serial acquirer. The results suggest that mergers and acquisitions may fundamentally change the preferences organizations have for different function systems such as politics, economy, science, art, or sport. The article outlines the basic design of an innovative systems-theoretical approach⎯the multifunctional analysis⎯which combines key concepts of social systems theory and systemic structural constellations. Thus, the article opens up a new set of key variables for M&A research, particularly post-merger integration (PMI).
This article sets forth the recoding of organizational decision premises during merger and acquisition processes. A multifunctional analysis was conducted for a Brazilian technology start-up that was acquired by a Brazilian market leader, a serial acquirer. The results suggest that mergers and acquisitions may fundamentally change the preferences organizations have for different function systems such as politics, economy, science, art, or sport. The article outlines the basic design of an innovative systems-theoretical approach⎯the multifunctional analysis⎯which combines key concepts of social systems theory and systemic structural constellations. Thus, the article opens up a new set of key variables for M&A research, particularly post-merger integration (PMI).
Deinstitutionalization is a transition from institutional care or other segregating services to a system that enables independent living for people with disabilities in the community. The Ministry of Social Security and Labor of the Republic of Lithuania, municipalities, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and social care institutions participate in this process. Changes in social care policy at the legal and practical levels depend on the interaction between these parties. The aim of the dissertation was to deconstruct the process of transformation of social care policy and its connection with human rights, as well as the interaction of participants of deinstitutionalization process in creating the content of community services. Combination of the agency and ecological systems theory and a comprehensive study on deinstitutionalisation identified key obstacles to transformation, including differing interests of participants of deinstitutionalization process, their opportunism, information asymmetry, lack of political leadership and cross-sectoral responsibility, and the exclusion of people with disabilities. People with disabilities are involved in the deinstitutionalization process only as objects (recipients of services), yet they lack opportunity to participate in the policy planning. Additionally, the results of the research revealed a threat of possible trans-institutionalization, which refers to maintaining the "old" institutional culture and structure, stigma, community resistance, and other aspects not directly related to the participants of deinstitutionalization process. This may leads to situation when people with disabilities are being simply 'placed' in the community instead of being given the opportunity for meaningfully engagement and participation within the community.
Deinstitutionalization is a transition from institutional care or other segregating services to a system that enables independent living for people with disabilities in the community. The Ministry of Social Security and Labor of the Republic of Lithuania, municipalities, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and social care institutions participate in this process. Changes in social care policy at the legal and practical levels depend on the interaction between these parties. The aim of the dissertation was to deconstruct the process of transformation of social care policy and its connection with human rights, as well as the interaction of participants of deinstitutionalization process in creating the content of community services. Combination of the agency and ecological systems theory and a comprehensive study on deinstitutionalisation identified key obstacles to transformation, including differing interests of participants of deinstitutionalization process, their opportunism, information asymmetry, lack of political leadership and cross-sectoral responsibility, and the exclusion of people with disabilities. People with disabilities are involved in the deinstitutionalization process only as objects (recipients of services), yet they lack opportunity to participate in the policy planning. Additionally, the results of the research revealed a threat of possible trans-institutionalization, which refers to maintaining the "old" institutional culture and structure, stigma, community resistance, and other aspects not directly related to the participants of deinstitutionalization process. This may leads to situation when people with disabilities are being simply 'placed' in the community instead of being given the opportunity for meaningfully engagement and participation within the community.
Deinstitutionalization is a transition from institutional care or other segregating services to a system that enables independent living for people with disabilities in the community. The Ministry of Social Security and Labor of the Republic of Lithuania, municipalities, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and social care institutions participate in this process. Changes in social care policy at the legal and practical levels depend on the interaction between these parties. The aim of the dissertation was to deconstruct the process of transformation of social care policy and its connection with human rights, as well as the interaction of participants of deinstitutionalization process in creating the content of community services. Combination of the agency and ecological systems theory and a comprehensive study on deinstitutionalisation identified key obstacles to transformation, including differing interests of participants of deinstitutionalization process, their opportunism, information asymmetry, lack of political leadership and cross-sectoral responsibility, and the exclusion of people with disabilities. People with disabilities are involved in the deinstitutionalization process only as objects (recipients of services), yet they lack opportunity to participate in the policy planning. Additionally, the results of the research revealed a threat of possible trans-institutionalization, which refers to maintaining the "old" institutional culture and structure, stigma, community resistance, and other aspects not directly related to the participants of deinstitutionalization process. This may leads to situation when people with disabilities are being simply 'placed' in the community instead of being given the opportunity for meaningfully engagement and participation within the community.
Deinstitutionalization is a transition from institutional care or other segregating services to a system that enables independent living for people with disabilities in the community. The Ministry of Social Security and Labor of the Republic of Lithuania, municipalities, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and social care institutions participate in this process. Changes in social care policy at the legal and practical levels depend on the interaction between these parties. The aim of the dissertation was to deconstruct the process of transformation of social care policy and its connection with human rights, as well as the interaction of participants of deinstitutionalization process in creating the content of community services. Combination of the agency and ecological systems theory and a comprehensive study on deinstitutionalisation identified key obstacles to transformation, including differing interests of participants of deinstitutionalization process, their opportunism, information asymmetry, lack of political leadership and cross-sectoral responsibility, and the exclusion of people with disabilities. People with disabilities are involved in the deinstitutionalization process only as objects (recipients of services), yet they lack opportunity to participate in the policy planning. Additionally, the results of the research revealed a threat of possible trans-institutionalization, which refers to maintaining the "old" institutional culture and structure, stigma, community resistance, and other aspects not directly related to the participants of deinstitutionalization process. This may leads to situation when people with disabilities are being simply 'placed' in the community instead of being given the opportunity for meaningfully engagement and participation within the community.
Deinstitutionalization is a transition from institutional care or other segregating services to a system that enables independent living for people with disabilities in the community. The Ministry of Social Security and Labor of the Republic of Lithuania, municipalities, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and social care institutions participate in this process. Changes in social care policy at the legal and practical levels depend on the interaction between these parties. The aim of the dissertation was to deconstruct the process of transformation of social care policy and its connection with human rights, as well as the interaction of participants of deinstitutionalization process in creating the content of community services. Combination of the agency and ecological systems theory and a comprehensive study on deinstitutionalisation identified key obstacles to transformation, including differing interests of participants of deinstitutionalization process, their opportunism, information asymmetry, lack of political leadership and cross-sectoral responsibility, and the exclusion of people with disabilities. People with disabilities are involved in the deinstitutionalization process only as objects (recipients of services), yet they lack opportunity to participate in the policy planning. Additionally, the results of the research revealed a threat of possible trans-institutionalization, which refers to maintaining the "old" institutional culture and structure, stigma, community resistance, and other aspects not directly related to the participants of deinstitutionalization process. This may leads to situation when people with disabilities are being simply 'placed' in the community instead of being given the opportunity for meaningfully engagement and participation within the community.
Deinstitutionalization is a transition from institutional care or other segregating services to a system that enables independent living for people with disabilities in the community. The Ministry of Social Security and Labor of the Republic of Lithuania, municipalities, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and social care institutions participate in this process. Changes in social care policy at the legal and practical levels depend on the interaction between these parties. The aim of the dissertation was to deconstruct the process of transformation of social care policy and its connection with human rights, as well as the interaction of participants of deinstitutionalization process in creating the content of community services. Combination of the agency and ecological systems theory and a comprehensive study on deinstitutionalisation identified key obstacles to transformation, including differing interests of participants of deinstitutionalization process, their opportunism, information asymmetry, lack of political leadership and cross-sectoral responsibility, and the exclusion of people with disabilities. People with disabilities are involved in the deinstitutionalization process only as objects (recipients of services), yet they lack opportunity to participate in the policy planning. Additionally, the results of the research revealed a threat of possible trans-institutionalization, which refers to maintaining the "old" institutional culture and structure, stigma, community resistance, and other aspects not directly related to the participants of deinstitutionalization process. This may leads to situation when people with disabilities are being simply 'placed' in the community instead of being given the opportunity for meaningfully engagement and participation within the community.
Deinstitutionalization is a transition from institutional care or other segregating services to a system that enables independent living for people with disabilities in the community. The Ministry of Social Security and Labor of the Republic of Lithuania, municipalities, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and social care institutions participate in this process. Changes in social care policy at the legal and practical levels depend on the interaction between these parties. The aim of the dissertation was to deconstruct the process of transformation of social care policy and its connection with human rights, as well as the interaction of participants of deinstitutionalization process in creating the content of community services. Combination of the agency and ecological systems theory and a comprehensive study on deinstitutionalisation identified key obstacles to transformation, including differing interests of participants of deinstitutionalization process, their opportunism, information asymmetry, lack of political leadership and cross-sectoral responsibility, and the exclusion of people with disabilities. People with disabilities are involved in the deinstitutionalization process only as objects (recipients of services), yet they lack opportunity to participate in the policy planning. Additionally, the results of the research revealed a threat of possible trans-institutionalization, which refers to maintaining the "old" institutional culture and structure, stigma, community resistance, and other aspects not directly related to the participants of deinstitutionalization process. This may leads to situation when people with disabilities are being simply 'placed' in the community instead of being given the opportunity for meaningfully engagement and participation within the community.
Deinstitutionalization is a transition from institutional care or other segregating services to a system that enables independent living for people with disabilities in the community. The Ministry of Social Security and Labor of the Republic of Lithuania, municipalities, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and social care institutions participate in this process. Changes in social care policy at the legal and practical levels depend on the interaction between these parties. The aim of the dissertation was to deconstruct the process of transformation of social care policy and its connection with human rights, as well as the interaction of participants of deinstitutionalization process in creating the content of community services. Combination of the agency and ecological systems theory and a comprehensive study on deinstitutionalisation identified key obstacles to transformation, including differing interests of participants of deinstitutionalization process, their opportunism, information asymmetry, lack of political leadership and cross-sectoral responsibility, and the exclusion of people with disabilities. People with disabilities are involved in the deinstitutionalization process only as objects (recipients of services), yet they lack opportunity to participate in the policy planning. Additionally, the results of the research revealed a threat of possible trans-institutionalization, which refers to maintaining the "old" institutional culture and structure, stigma, community resistance, and other aspects not directly related to the participants of deinstitutionalization process. This may leads to situation when people with disabilities are being simply 'placed' in the community instead of being given the opportunity for meaningfully engagement and participation within the community.
Research purpose. This study identifies analyses four key higher education policy models on the basis of OECD and EU data base with background discussion. The study provides information and knowledge how higher education policies and some key economic indicators can be combined? Study provides comparative trend analyses, which are policy-relevant and give insights to decision-makers. Design / Methodology / Approach. Since the well-known Mincer-Earnings-Equation in the early 1970s, there has emerged an extensive literature concerning the monetary returns on higher education. Tuition fees in higher education can be considered as private investment in higher personal incomes. Free educa-tion has been opposed on the basis of its unfairness: At the same time as the proportion of public expendi-ture on tertiary educational institutions is an average of near 70 percent of total expenditure in all OECD countries, less educated tax-payers support higher futures incomes of privileged students. In this paper we focus on key trends of economies with their higher education systems. Findings. At present, only few countries, in addition to the Nordic Countries, have adopted tuition-free higher education system. There are growing financial and political pressures to adopt tuition also in these countries. Thus, it is of the greatest importance to acquire research knowledge in this matter. First, we briefly review the relevant theoretical and empirical economic literature. Next, we discuss the potential economic benefits of tuition-free higher education system in terms of dynamic macro efficiency. We suggest an eclectic approach, where aspects of endogenous growth theory and dynamic public economics are em-phasized. Criterion for national success is the balanced growth path with social welfare maximization. We argue that there are plausible links between national success indicators, like competitiveness and welfare, and free higher education. In this paper, we present some empirical comparative analyses which are rele-vant for the assessment of higher education systems in the global OECD study context. The study contrib-utes to (1) the global analysis of higher education systems, (2) to the policy of higher education finance, ,(3) the education and inequality discussion, (4) to the discussion about returns of higher education and (5) to the discussion about education and development. Originality / Value / Practical implications. This study helps decision-makers in the field of higher edu-cation policy to create a big picture of on-going trends of higher education systems. The applies OECD´s analyses as a analytical framework. OECD classifies in its "Education at a Glance" report (2014, 2020) four alternative models of tuition fees and student support systems. Model 1: Countries with no or low tuition fees and generous student support system (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden). Model 2: Countries with high tuition fees and well-developed student support systems (Australia, Canada, New Zea-land, the United Kingdom and US). Model 3: Countries with high tuition fees and less-developed student support systems (Chile, Japan and South-Korea); and Model 4: Countries with low tuition fees and less-developed student support systems (Austria, Belgium, the Czech Republic, France, Ireland, Italy, Poland, Portugal, Switzerland and Spain). The study executes an empirical analysis of the higher education systems in these countries. A data pool covers higher education data, economic growth data and key welfare indicators. The study executes an empirical analysis of the higher education systems in these countries. A data pool covers higher education data, economic growth data and key welfare indicators.
Research purpose. This study identifies analyses four key higher education policy models on the basis of OECD and EU data base with background discussion. The study provides information and knowledge how higher education policies and some key economic indicators can be combined? Study provides comparative trend analyses, which are policy-relevant and give insights to decision-makers. Design / Methodology / Approach. Since the well-known Mincer-Earnings-Equation in the early 1970s, there has emerged an extensive literature concerning the monetary returns on higher education. Tuition fees in higher education can be considered as private investment in higher personal incomes. Free educa-tion has been opposed on the basis of its unfairness: At the same time as the proportion of public expendi-ture on tertiary educational institutions is an average of near 70 percent of total expenditure in all OECD countries, less educated tax-payers support higher futures incomes of privileged students. In this paper we focus on key trends of economies with their higher education systems. Findings. At present, only few countries, in addition to the Nordic Countries, have adopted tuition-free higher education system. There are growing financial and political pressures to adopt tuition also in these countries. Thus, it is of the greatest importance to acquire research knowledge in this matter. First, we briefly review the relevant theoretical and empirical economic literature. Next, we discuss the potential economic benefits of tuition-free higher education system in terms of dynamic macro efficiency. We suggest an eclectic approach, where aspects of endogenous growth theory and dynamic public economics are em-phasized. Criterion for national success is the balanced growth path with social welfare maximization. We argue that there are plausible links between national success indicators, like competitiveness and welfare, and free higher education. In this paper, we present some empirical comparative analyses which are rele-vant for the assessment of higher education systems in the global OECD study context. The study contrib-utes to (1) the global analysis of higher education systems, (2) to the policy of higher education finance, ,(3) the education and inequality discussion, (4) to the discussion about returns of higher education and (5) to the discussion about education and development. Originality / Value / Practical implications. This study helps decision-makers in the field of higher edu-cation policy to create a big picture of on-going trends of higher education systems. The applies OECD´s analyses as a analytical framework. OECD classifies in its "Education at a Glance" report (2014, 2020) four alternative models of tuition fees and student support systems. Model 1: Countries with no or low tuition fees and generous student support system (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden). Model 2: Countries with high tuition fees and well-developed student support systems (Australia, Canada, New Zea-land, the United Kingdom and US). Model 3: Countries with high tuition fees and less-developed student support systems (Chile, Japan and South-Korea); and Model 4: Countries with low tuition fees and less-developed student support systems (Austria, Belgium, the Czech Republic, France, Ireland, Italy, Poland, Portugal, Switzerland and Spain). The study executes an empirical analysis of the higher education systems in these countries. A data pool covers higher education data, economic growth data and key welfare indicators. The study executes an empirical analysis of the higher education systems in these countries. A data pool covers higher education data, economic growth data and key welfare indicators.
The objective of the Master Theses is to analyze the peculiarities of creation of monitoring systems of the Lithuanian public administration and usage of their data. First of all, it was attempted to disclose the theoretical reasoning of the work; therefore the role of monitoring was analyzed in the theory of public policy cycle and theoretical approaches to reforms of public governance (New Public Management, New Public Governance, Good Governance). Besides, the scientific literature was used in the work to distinguish the similarities of monitoring systems compared to single monitoring, difficulties of creation and implementation of the systems, to analyze the implementation stages of monitoring systems, and to distinguish monitoring directions and principles of effective monitoring system. One more part of the work was meant for the usage of data of monitoring system. There the usage of monitoring data for evaluation, decision-making on management, learning from experience, reforms and increase of accountability was defined. Two monitoring systems of the Lithuanian public administration were chosen for analysis – monitoring system of subjects of public administration and their activity and monitoring system of implementation results of the strategic activity plans of the governmental authorities (including the budgetary programs). The qualitative research helped to analyze the creation preconditions of these systems and the problems encountered during the creation process. It was learnt during the research that the monitoring system of subjects of public administration and their activity is not working yet, thus only its creation and possibilities of data usage were analyzed in the work. Whereas the monitoring system of implementation results of the strategic activity plans of the governmental authorities including the budgetary programs) is working, thus not only its creation, but also management and data usage were analyzed. During the analysis of the system's management, the management problems and improvement possibilities were distinguished, the implementation structure of the system was discussed, as well as reliability of data presentation. Besides, it was also analyzed, how much of the data of monitoring system are used for evaluation, decision-making preparation of reconstructions and reforms of public administration, and preparation of strategic plans and other documents.
In this article authors analyze conception and peculiarities of ecological farm development in an approach of systems theory. Authors define supplemented and specified conceptions of ecological farming, ecological product and quality of ecological product. In authors' opinion modern system of ecological farming can be defined as distinctive closed-open system of organism in which exist integrated and different factors of this system. Modern conception of ecological farming compltely fulfil purposes of sustainable development and is an effective implement for achievement of purposes of this policy in Lithuania and other countries of European Union. Ecological farming has positive influence on security and quality of agricultural products and also on general image of agriculture and rural areas.
In this article authors analyze conception and peculiarities of ecological farm development in an approach of systems theory. Authors define supplemented and specified conceptions of ecological farming, ecological product and quality of ecological product. In authors' opinion modern system of ecological farming can be defined as distinctive closed-open system of organism in which exist integrated and different factors of this system. Modern conception of ecological farming compltely fulfil purposes of sustainable development and is an effective implement for achievement of purposes of this policy in Lithuania and other countries of European Union. Ecological farming has positive influence on security and quality of agricultural products and also on general image of agriculture and rural areas.
