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Democratic erosion—the undermining of republican government by a leader with authoritarian tendencies—depends on the improper use of the state apparatus of the state against opponents ("political targeting"). Because political targeting sometimes falls into a legally gray area, and because officials have some maneuvering room in how to respond to the orders they receive, their preferences matter. In the United States, officials' behavior seems to be most influenced by a) the professional risks of refusing improper orders, b) normative obligations to uphold the rule of law and to act ethically, and c) attitudes toward the leader. These factors are, in turn, largely a function of 1) how officials are selected and 2) the extent of oversight and procedural checks they face. These findings have potentially broad implications for democratic erosion.

The article discusses the fundamental issues of monetary policy in the context of implemented by the Bank of Russia transition to inflation targeting. It is shown that the result of the actions of the monetary authorities was the growth of inflation, worsening management of the financial market, falling investment and business activity, loss of control over the main macroeconomic indicators. It is revealed that "inflation targeting" actually refers to limiting the tools of monetary policy to manipulations by the key rate. It is proved that in conditions of free international movement of capital this approach does not achieve the inflation target due to supercritical dependence of the money market on foreign speculators. The necessity of a systematic approach to monetary policy with a set of control parameters corresponding to the complexity of monetary circulation is underlined.

AbstractThis paper examines the intellectual environment in Canada that led to the adoption of inflation targets starting in 1991, reviews some of the Canadian contributions to the vast literature on inflation targeting and presents evidence in support of the view that the implementation of inflation targeting in Canada has been particularly successful when compared with the experiences of other inflation‐targeting countries and the US.

"Targeting" in the agricultural policy context generally means directing payments to small or financially vulnerable farms or to poor farm families. This may seem a worthy objective. If farm programs were designed to act as welfare, then focusing the benefits on the needy clearly would be appropriate. Payments now are roughly the difference between the market price per unit produced and a high government price per unit. Therefore, farms with more output get larger payments. Further, revising farm programs to act as aid to the needy would be difficult. Targeting amendments currently proposed generally are unworkable and likely would do little to change the actual distribution of benefits. Finally, because farmers currently are eligible for other aid programs and because few producers of significant output meet general welfare criteria, seemingly little real reason exists for attempting to convert farm programs rather than simply phasing down the payment levels overall.

Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- 1 - Targeting Employment Services under the Workforce Investment Act, by Stephen A. Wandner -- 2 - Predicting the Exhasution of Unemployment Compensation, by Robert B. Olsen, Marisa Kelso, Paul T. Decker, and Daniel H. Klepinger -- Comments on Chapter 2, by Mark C. BErger -- 3 - Evaluation of WPRS System, by Katherine P. Dickinson, Paul T. Decker, and Suzanne D. Kreutzer -- Comments on Chapter 3, by Walter Nicholson -- Comments on Chapter 3, by John Heinberg -- 4 - A Panel Discussion on the WPRS System, Panel Chair: Pete Fleming, Panelists: Al Jaloviar, Helen Parker, and Marc Perrett -- Comments on Part I: The Changing Role of the Public Employment Service, by David E. Balducchi -- 5 - Profiling in Self-Employment Assistance Programs, by Jon C. Messenger, Carolyn Peterson-Vaccaro, and Wayne Vroman -- Comments on Chapter 5, by Jacob M. Benus -- Comments on Chapter 5, by Wayne Gordon -- 6 - Targeting Reemployment Bonuses, by Christopher J. O'Leary, Paul T. Decker, and Stephen A. Wandner -- Comments on Chapter 6, by Jennifer Warlick -- 7 - Measures of Program Performance and the Training Choices of Displaced Workers, by Louis Jacobson, Robert LaLonde, and Daniel Sullivan -- Comments on Chapter 7, by Kevin Hollenbeck -- 8 - Using Statistical Assessment Tools to Target Services to Work First Participants, by Randall W. Eberts -- 9 - Targeting Job Retention Services for Welfare Recipients, by Anu Rangarajan, Peter Schochet, and Dexter Chu -- Comments on Chapters 8 and 9, by Don Oellerich -- Comments on Chapter 9, by Timothy J. Bartik -- 10 - Targeting Reemployment Services in Canada: The Service and Ooutcome Measurement System (SOMS) Experience, by Terry Colpitts -- Comments on Chapter 10, by Jeffrey Smith.

This paper evaluates whether Georgia is ready to adopt inflation targeting (IT), a monetary policy framework that several emerging markets have adopted recently. After reviewing selected prerequisites for successfully implementing IT, the paper focuses on whether one specific precondition is in place-an empirically stable monetary transmission mechanism. Building on a baseline VAR model, it presents several extensions to explore the various channels using causality tests, impulse responses, and variance decompositions. The paper finds that once the central bank overcomes some institutional and

The use of data to inform and run political campaigning has become an inescapable trend in recent years. In attempting to persuade an electorate, micro-targeted campaigns (MTCs) have been employed to great effect through the use of tailored messaging and selective targeting. Here we investigate the capacity of MTCs to deal with the diversity of political preferences across an electorate. More precisely, via an Agent-Based Model we simulate various diverse electorates that encompass single issue, multiple issue, swing, and disengaged voters (among others, including combinations thereof) and determine the relative persuasive efficacy of MTCs when pitted against more traditional, population-targeting campaigns. Taking into account the perceived credibility of these campaigns, we find MTCs highly capable of handling greater voter complexity than shown in previous work, and yielding further advantages beyond traditional campaigns in their capacity to avoid inefficient (or even backfiring) interactions – even when fielding a low credibility candidate.

Strategy in Central War? The design of targeting schema is a strategic task-­that is to say it is an exercise in applied strategic thinking. Strategy is supposed to relate military assets to political purposes. In principle, at least, there can be no argument but that strategic judgment should guide sub-SIOP, SIOP, and post-SIOP targeting plans. In practice there is considerable ground for philosophical dispute.