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International audience ; IntroductionIn clinical practice, the usefulness of diagnosis based on the Diagnostic or Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) or the International Classification of Diseases, 11th edition, appears essential from a clinical, research, epidemiological, administrative, economic and political level. However, such diagnostic systems have shortcomings in terms of validity, little consideration of comorbidities and strong intra-class heterogeneity. On a structural level, the operationalization of its criteria is based on a reliability which has been defined a posteriori and which does not lead to improving the validity of the diagnosis but rather to the reification of the diagnostic categories.MethodsFirst published in its current form in 2017, the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) constitutes a nosological alternative based on statistics. It conceptualizes psychopathology as a set of hierarchical dimensions, i.e. in "transdiagnostic" continua. The HiTOP is structured according to super-spectra, spectra, sub-factors, syndromes, components and symptoms. This comes from the current dimensional psychology and quantitative nosology. This article describes the basic principles of the HiTOP project and its potential to integrate into clinical and psychiatric research based on its advantages and limitations.ResultsUnlike the DSM, which is descriptive and categorical, the HiTOP is first a dimensional classification. This dimensionality describes psychiatric phenomena on continua, each dimension providing a diagnostic continuum to situate a clinical patient. This dimensionality avoids the reification of categories and it limits the dichotomy between normal and pathological. In addition, HiTOP shows a hierarchical structure: vertical refinement of dimensions allows to circumvent the problem of comorbidities, proposes a new conception of etiopathogenic mechanisms, and improves management of care.DiscussionThus, we provide an illustration of the applications of a dimensional and ...

International audience ; IntroductionIn clinical practice, the usefulness of diagnosis based on the Diagnostic or Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) or the International Classification of Diseases, 11th edition, appears essential from a clinical, research, epidemiological, administrative, economic and political level. However, such diagnostic systems have shortcomings in terms of validity, little consideration of comorbidities and strong intra-class heterogeneity. On a structural level, the operationalization of its criteria is based on a reliability which has been defined a posteriori and which does not lead to improving the validity of the diagnosis but rather to the reification of the diagnostic categories.MethodsFirst published in its current form in 2017, the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) constitutes a nosological alternative based on statistics. It conceptualizes psychopathology as a set of hierarchical dimensions, i.e. in "transdiagnostic" continua. The HiTOP is structured according to super-spectra, spectra, sub-factors, syndromes, components and symptoms. This comes from the current dimensional psychology and quantitative nosology. This article describes the basic principles of the HiTOP project and its potential to integrate into clinical and psychiatric research based on its advantages and limitations.ResultsUnlike the DSM, which is descriptive and categorical, the HiTOP is first a dimensional classification. This dimensionality describes psychiatric phenomena on continua, each dimension providing a diagnostic continuum to situate a clinical patient. This dimensionality avoids the reification of categories and it limits the dichotomy between normal and pathological. In addition, HiTOP shows a hierarchical structure: vertical refinement of dimensions allows to circumvent the problem of comorbidities, proposes a new conception of etiopathogenic mechanisms, and improves management of care.DiscussionThus, we provide an illustration of the applications of a dimensional and ...

International audience ; IntroductionIn clinical practice, the usefulness of diagnosis based on the Diagnostic or Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) or the International Classification of Diseases, 11th edition, appears essential from a clinical, research, epidemiological, administrative, economic and political level. However, such diagnostic systems have shortcomings in terms of validity, little consideration of comorbidities and strong intra-class heterogeneity. On a structural level, the operationalization of its criteria is based on a reliability which has been defined a posteriori and which does not lead to improving the validity of the diagnosis but rather to the reification of the diagnostic categories.MethodsFirst published in its current form in 2017, the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) constitutes a nosological alternative based on statistics. It conceptualizes psychopathology as a set of hierarchical dimensions, i.e. in "transdiagnostic" continua. The HiTOP is structured according to super-spectra, spectra, sub-factors, syndromes, components and symptoms. This comes from the current dimensional psychology and quantitative nosology. This article describes the basic principles of the HiTOP project and its potential to integrate into clinical and psychiatric research based on its advantages and limitations.ResultsUnlike the DSM, which is descriptive and categorical, the HiTOP is first a dimensional classification. This dimensionality describes psychiatric phenomena on continua, each dimension providing a diagnostic continuum to situate a clinical patient. This dimensionality avoids the reification of categories and it limits the dichotomy between normal and pathological. In addition, HiTOP shows a hierarchical structure: vertical refinement of dimensions allows to circumvent the problem of comorbidities, proposes a new conception of etiopathogenic mechanisms, and improves management of care.DiscussionThus, we provide an illustration of the applications of a dimensional and ...

International audience ; IntroductionIn clinical practice, the usefulness of diagnosis based on the Diagnostic or Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) or the International Classification of Diseases, 11th edition, appears essential from a clinical, research, epidemiological, administrative, economic and political level. However, such diagnostic systems have shortcomings in terms of validity, little consideration of comorbidities and strong intra-class heterogeneity. On a structural level, the operationalization of its criteria is based on a reliability which has been defined a posteriori and which does not lead to improving the validity of the diagnosis but rather to the reification of the diagnostic categories.MethodsFirst published in its current form in 2017, the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) constitutes a nosological alternative based on statistics. It conceptualizes psychopathology as a set of hierarchical dimensions, i.e. in "transdiagnostic" continua. The HiTOP is structured according to super-spectra, spectra, sub-factors, syndromes, components and symptoms. This comes from the current dimensional psychology and quantitative nosology. This article describes the basic principles of the HiTOP project and its potential to integrate into clinical and psychiatric research based on its advantages and limitations.ResultsUnlike the DSM, which is descriptive and categorical, the HiTOP is first a dimensional classification. This dimensionality describes psychiatric phenomena on continua, each dimension providing a diagnostic continuum to situate a clinical patient. This dimensionality avoids the reification of categories and it limits the dichotomy between normal and pathological. In addition, HiTOP shows a hierarchical structure: vertical refinement of dimensions allows to circumvent the problem of comorbidities, proposes a new conception of etiopathogenic mechanisms, and improves management of care.DiscussionThus, we provide an illustration of the applications of a dimensional and ...

International audience ; IntroductionIn clinical practice, the usefulness of diagnosis based on the Diagnostic or Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) or the International Classification of Diseases, 11th edition, appears essential from a clinical, research, epidemiological, administrative, economic and political level. However, such diagnostic systems have shortcomings in terms of validity, little consideration of comorbidities and strong intra-class heterogeneity. On a structural level, the operationalization of its criteria is based on a reliability which has been defined a posteriori and which does not lead to improving the validity of the diagnosis but rather to the reification of the diagnostic categories.MethodsFirst published in its current form in 2017, the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) constitutes a nosological alternative based on statistics. It conceptualizes psychopathology as a set of hierarchical dimensions, i.e. in "transdiagnostic" continua. The HiTOP is structured according to super-spectra, spectra, sub-factors, syndromes, components and symptoms. This comes from the current dimensional psychology and quantitative nosology. This article describes the basic principles of the HiTOP project and its potential to integrate into clinical and psychiatric research based on its advantages and limitations.ResultsUnlike the DSM, which is descriptive and categorical, the HiTOP is first a dimensional classification. This dimensionality describes psychiatric phenomena on continua, each dimension providing a diagnostic continuum to situate a clinical patient. This dimensionality avoids the reification of categories and it limits the dichotomy between normal and pathological. In addition, HiTOP shows a hierarchical structure: vertical refinement of dimensions allows to circumvent the problem of comorbidities, proposes a new conception of etiopathogenic mechanisms, and improves management of care.DiscussionThus, we provide an illustration of the applications of a dimensional and ...

International audience ; IntroductionIn clinical practice, the usefulness of diagnosis based on the Diagnostic or Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) or the International Classification of Diseases, 11th edition, appears essential from a clinical, research, epidemiological, administrative, economic and political level. However, such diagnostic systems have shortcomings in terms of validity, little consideration of comorbidities and strong intra-class heterogeneity. On a structural level, the operationalization of its criteria is based on a reliability which has been defined a posteriori and which does not lead to improving the validity of the diagnosis but rather to the reification of the diagnostic categories.MethodsFirst published in its current form in 2017, the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) constitutes a nosological alternative based on statistics. It conceptualizes psychopathology as a set of hierarchical dimensions, i.e. in "transdiagnostic" continua. The HiTOP is structured according to super-spectra, spectra, sub-factors, syndromes, components and symptoms. This comes from the current dimensional psychology and quantitative nosology. This article describes the basic principles of the HiTOP project and its potential to integrate into clinical and psychiatric research based on its advantages and limitations.ResultsUnlike the DSM, which is descriptive and categorical, the HiTOP is first a dimensional classification. This dimensionality describes psychiatric phenomena on continua, each dimension providing a diagnostic continuum to situate a clinical patient. This dimensionality avoids the reification of categories and it limits the dichotomy between normal and pathological. In addition, HiTOP shows a hierarchical structure: vertical refinement of dimensions allows to circumvent the problem of comorbidities, proposes a new conception of etiopathogenic mechanisms, and improves management of care.DiscussionThus, we provide an illustration of the applications of a dimensional and hierarchical classification in current clinical practice and scientific research, compared to traditional nosology. The challenges of the HiTOP arise in terms of validity, i.e. in the relation of dimensions with physiopathological mechanisms, in clinical terms, i.e. in the potential contribution of dimensions in relation to categories. Moreover, methodological challenges will be important given the inherent limitations of the HiTOP.ConclusionThe HiTOP allows to examine the conceptualization of psychiatric disorders, the search for explanatory mechanisms, and treatment from another perspective for psychiatry. ; IntroductionLes diagnostics fondés sur des classifications comme le Manuel Diagnostique ou Statistique des troubles mentaux (DSM) ou la Classification Internationale des Maladies, 11e édition représente une pierre angulaire de la pratique clinique. Leur utilité paraît essentielle d'un point de vue clinique, de la recherche, de l'épidémiologie, ainsi qu'au niveau administratif, économique et politique. Cependant, de tels systèmes diagnostiques présentent des lacunes en termes de validité, une prise en considération des comorbidités peu pertinente et une forte hétérogénéité intraclasse.MéthodesLa taxonomie hiérarchique de la psychopathologie (HiTOP), publiée en 2017 sous sa forme actuelle, constitue une alternative fondée sur les statistiques. Elle conceptualise la psychopathologie comme un ensemble de dimensions organisées de manière hiérarchique, c'est-à-dire en continua « transdiagnostiques » de plus en plus larges. Cet article décrit les principes de base du projet de la HiTOP et son potentiel à s'intégrer dans la clinique et la recherche psychiatrique en fonction de ses avantages et de ses limites.RésultatsLa HiTOP est une classification dimensionnelle (et non catégorielle, comme la classification DSM) et elle possède une structure hiérarchique. Nous fournissons ainsi une illustration des applications d'une approche dimensionnelle et hiérarchique, par rapport à la nosologie traditionnelle, en discutant les obstacles à son utilisation dans l'environnement réel de la clinique et de la recherche. Nous détaillons également ses rapports à la thérapeutique et à la compréhension mécanistique neurobiologique des troubles psychiatriques.ConclusionLa HiTOP permet d'examiner sous une autre perspective la conceptualisation des troubles psychiatriques, la recherche des mécanismes explicatifs et les prises en charge.

At the age of the 6th extinction, there is an urgent need for conservation stakeholders and field biologists of an operational taxonomy, both for methods (taxonomic expertise) and concepts (checklists). In this work, I test the hypothesis that continental insularity, linked to the structure of the aquifers, whatever the considered scale, leads to the divergence of distinct evolutionary units. This hypothesis is tested by studying two models, the freshwater bivalves at the scale of France and the stygobite gastropods at the scale of the north-Montpellier karstic system. To achieve this, an operational taxonomy approach is developed for these two models, in order to allow setting up effective conservation measures. For these two groups characterized by an unstable taxonomy, morphometric, genetic and biogeographic approaches are developed, in an integrative taxonomy framework. New genetic data allow clarifying the taxonomy and provide a new perspective on the existing conservation units. For the naiads, the results indicate that diversity is overestimated and that geographical barriers play a minor role in distribution of the taxa, which seem to be linked to environmental parameters. On the contrary, the diversity of the stygobite gastropods is largely underestimated and evolutionary units are linked to the hydrogeological units. Environmental variables do not seem to influence the distribution of these species. These contrasted results show that the structure of the diversity differs depending on the taxonomic group and the geographic scale considered, and raise the question of the impact of human activities on the distribution of the naïads. Conservation politics should take into account these integrative taxonomy approaches to (i) define adequately the biological units that should benefit from conservation efforts and (ii) set up these measures at an adequate geographic scale. ; A l'âge de la 6° extinction, il y a un besoin urgent pour les acteurs de la conservation et pour les biologistes de terrain de pouvoir ...

At the age of the 6th extinction, there is an urgent need for conservation stakeholders and field biologists of an operational taxonomy, both for methods (taxonomic expertise) and concepts (checklists). In this work, I test the hypothesis that continental insularity, linked to the structure of the aquifers, whatever the considered scale, leads to the divergence of distinct evolutionary units. This hypothesis is tested by studying two models, the freshwater bivalves at the scale of France and the stygobite gastropods at the scale of the north-Montpellier karstic system. To achieve this, an operational taxonomy approach is developed for these two models, in order to allow setting up effective conservation measures. For these two groups characterized by an unstable taxonomy, morphometric, genetic and biogeographic approaches are developed, in an integrative taxonomy framework. New genetic data allow clarifying the taxonomy and provide a new perspective on the existing conservation units. For the naiads, the results indicate that diversity is overestimated and that geographical barriers play a minor role in distribution of the taxa, which seem to be linked to environmental parameters. On the contrary, the diversity of the stygobite gastropods is largely underestimated and evolutionary units are linked to the hydrogeological units. Environmental variables do not seem to influence the distribution of these species. These contrasted results show that the structure of the diversity differs depending on the taxonomic group and the geographic scale considered, and raise the question of the impact of human activities on the distribution of the naïads. Conservation politics should take into account these integrative taxonomy approaches to (i) define adequately the biological units that should benefit from conservation efforts and (ii) set up these measures at an adequate geographic scale. ; A l'âge de la 6° extinction, il y a un besoin urgent pour les acteurs de la conservation et pour les biologistes de terrain de pouvoir ...

At the age of the 6th extinction, there is an urgent need for conservation stakeholders and field biologists of an operational taxonomy, both for methods (taxonomic expertise) and concepts (checklists). In this work, I test the hypothesis that continental insularity, linked to the structure of the aquifers, whatever the considered scale, leads to the divergence of distinct evolutionary units. This hypothesis is tested by studying two models, the freshwater bivalves at the scale of France and the stygobite gastropods at the scale of the north-Montpellier karstic system. To achieve this, an operational taxonomy approach is developed for these two models, in order to allow setting up effective conservation measures. For these two groups characterized by an unstable taxonomy, morphometric, genetic and biogeographic approaches are developed, in an integrative taxonomy framework. New genetic data allow clarifying the taxonomy and provide a new perspective on the existing conservation units. For the naiads, the results indicate that diversity is overestimated and that geographical barriers play a minor role in distribution of the taxa, which seem to be linked to environmental parameters. On the contrary, the diversity of the stygobite gastropods is largely underestimated and evolutionary units are linked to the hydrogeological units. Environmental variables do not seem to influence the distribution of these species. These contrasted results show that the structure of the diversity differs depending on the taxonomic group and the geographic scale considered, and raise the question of the impact of human activities on the distribution of the naïads. Conservation politics should take into account these integrative taxonomy approaches to (i) define adequately the biological units that should benefit from conservation efforts and (ii) set up these measures at an adequate geographic scale. ; A l'âge de la 6° extinction, il y a un besoin urgent pour les acteurs de la conservation et pour les biologistes de terrain de pouvoir ...

Whether in the civil or military field, technological progress in these last decades allowed the emergence of new communication systems improving greatly information exchanges. These new capabilities raise issues concerning the relevant display modalities in the context of the dismounted soldier. The concept of "Augmented Reality" or AR, has been explored to provide tactical information directly into the soldier's field of view through the use of of AR "glasses" or Head-Mounted Display (HMD). Soon, the use of this type of device raised many technical issues as well as Human Factors ones. Indeed, these emerging interfaces fundamentally differ from traditional two-dimensional screen-based HCI. It therefore raises specific ergonomic issues that need to be studied to design relevant AR systems adapted to the future infantry land warfare. In order to provide ergonomic design guidelines, the work of this thesis focused first on the development of a methodological framework tailored to AR. This taxonomy, named WOTSH&R, was then applied to the ergonomic evaluation, through various exploratory studies on military AR systems. It was successful in identifying and addressing the major problem of depth perception in particular. Finally, this taxonomy was also used for design purposes and allowed the development of two innovative augmented reality proofs of concept. ; Que ce soit dans le domaine civil ou militaire, les progrès technologiques de ces dernières décennies ont permis l'émergence de nouveaux systèmes de communication facilitant grandement les échanges d'information. Ces nouvelles capacités de partage d'informations tactiques ont fait alors émerger des questionnements sur les moyens de restituer ces données dans le contexte du combattant débarqué. Le concept de « Réalité Augmentée » ou RA a notamment exploré, afin de fournir ces informations tactiques directement dans le champ de vision du soldat via l'emploi de « lunettes » de RA ou Head-Mounted Display (HMD).Rapidement, l'usage de ce type de dispositif souleva ...

Whether in the civil or military field, technological progress in these last decades allowed the emergence of new communication systems improving greatly information exchanges. These new capabilities raise issues concerning the relevant display modalities in the context of the dismounted soldier. The concept of "Augmented Reality" or AR, has been explored to provide tactical information directly into the soldier's field of view through the use of of AR "glasses" or Head-Mounted Display (HMD). Soon, the use of this type of device raised many technical issues as well as Human Factors ones. Indeed, these emerging interfaces fundamentally differ from traditional two-dimensional screen-based HCI. It therefore raises specific ergonomic issues that need to be studied to design relevant AR systems adapted to the future infantry land warfare. In order to provide ergonomic design guidelines, the work of this thesis focused first on the development of a methodological framework tailored to AR. This taxonomy, named WOTSH&R, was then applied to the ergonomic evaluation, through various exploratory studies on military AR systems. It was successful in identifying and addressing the major problem of depth perception in particular. Finally, this taxonomy was also used for design purposes and allowed the development of two innovative augmented reality proofs of concept. ; Que ce soit dans le domaine civil ou militaire, les progrès technologiques de ces dernières décennies ont permis l'émergence de nouveaux systèmes de communication facilitant grandement les échanges d'information. Ces nouvelles capacités de partage d'informations tactiques ont fait alors émerger des questionnements sur les moyens de restituer ces données dans le contexte du combattant débarqué. Le concept de « Réalité Augmentée » ou RA a notamment exploré, afin de fournir ces informations tactiques directement dans le champ de vision du soldat via l'emploi de « lunettes » de RA ou Head-Mounted Display (HMD).Rapidement, l'usage de ce type de dispositif souleva ...

flora treatment for the Phyllanthaceae occurring in the DemocraticRepublic of the Congo, Rwanda and Burundi is provided. The present volumeincludes a key to all genera, and a full treatment of the following seven genera:Amanoa, Flueggea, Margaritaria, Meineckia, Pentabrachion, Phyllanthus,Pseudolachnostylis, Uapaca. In total, 77 species are included. The remainder ofthe Phyllanthaceae genera occurring in the Flora region were treated in previousvolumes of the Flora series, but an identification key to all genera is provided. Allspecies come with a full morphological description, protologue and type information,synonyms, data on their distribution, habitat, vernacular names and uses,as well as references to additional literature and the citation of representativeherbarium specimens. Eleven species, all within Phyllanthus, are endemic to thearea of the Flora. Fourty-seven botanical drawings as well as 10 photo plates areincluded. One new variety is described, two lectotypes are designated and ninenames are newly treated as synonyms. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/published

PDF version of treatment of Podocarpaceae in Flore d'Afrique centrale series

PDF version of treatment of Cupressaceae in Flore d'Afrique centrale series