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Draft plan to assign students to specific schools based by which the Board of Education in Chattanooga, Tennessee would approve student applications to attend schools based on a number of factors including building capacity and student-to-teacher ratios.

Twenty years ago, Pescosolido and Milkie (1995) reported that 50 percent of U.S. and Canadian sociology graduate programs offered formal teacher training. Despite pronouncements that offerings have increased substantially, no similarly thorough and direct investigation has been published since. In this time of dramatic change and increasing scrutiny of higher education, graduate teacher training is arguably more important than ever before. Thus, we seek to provide a new baseline of teacher training in the discipline. Using a 2013 survey of U.S. and Canadian sociology graduate programs ( N = 173), we find that 94 percent involve graduate students in teaching, almost 68 percent provide formal training for graduate student instructors, and 54 percent provide formal training for teaching assistants. We discuss the kinds and frequency of teacher training, as well as the type of graduate programs most likely to offer teacher training, and we provide suggestions for future research.

Addressing current issues in English Language-Arts education, this study analyzes teacher perception of the paradoxical relationship between the Georgia Performance Standards and high-stakes testing accountability measures. This study examines teacher response to the implementation of Georgia Performance Standards and the oppression of federal accountability measures. This study also investigates whether Georgia Performance Standards can, in fact, promote equity through a multicultural and democratic pedagogy. This study further investigates whether or not standardized assessment serves to squelch equity and enforce power structures of bureaucracy through superseding the state curriculum in English-Language Arts. A mixed methods study was created to measure differences in teachers' attitudes regarding their perceived freedom of pedagogical practice within implementation of Georgia Performance Standards and high stakes testing accountability measures. Ninety-two participants were invited to participate in this mixed methods research study. A total of 70 surveys were returned for a response rate of 76 percent during a time period of two weeks. Participants' responses indicated that there was a strong relationship between the impact of high-stakes testing accountability and perceived independence within pedagogical practice. Participants also indicated through their responses that they felt that the Georgia Performance Standards in English-Language Arts provided them with pedagogical opportunity and freedom. Ultimately, this study suggests that if one is to hope for a transformative pedagogy, teachers must be provided the freedom to teach democratic ideals to their classes. If teachers are not provided the freedom to teach democratically, how might we ever be able to encourage awareness of democratic ideals within our students? For there to truly be hope for our educational system, a grassroots movement must ensue which encourages freedom of pedagogical practice and the opportunity for transformation.

International education has been a growing field in the United States since the beginning of major exchange activity with the establishment of the Fulbright-Hays Fellow ships shortly after World War II. In its various aspects in the United States—exchange of American and foreign students, faculty, leaders, and specialists—international education as sists a minimum of 250,000 individuals each year to study, teach, or perform research. Worldwide, the number of exchangees is several times this total. Many of the factors that have promoted the growth of large-scale exchange can be expected to con tinue to promote growth in the future, but there are a number of new elements that will affect the make-up of the exchange population in the future. This article briefly examines a number of these factors and discusses reasons why they can be expected to play a significant role in determining the future of exchange.

Teacher performance is an essential element in the world of education which is a determinant of the high or low quality of education that occurs in the school environment, this is because teachers are people who often interact with students directly during the teaching process. The purpose of this research is to know how much the influence of teaching experience, school culture and motivation can affect teacher's performance. The data analysis method is quantitative, Partial Least Squares (PLS) is the data analysis approach used in this study. Partial Least Squares (PLS) is a Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) equation model that utilizes component-based structural equation modeling techniques.. The sampling technique used in this research is a Saturated Sample. The samples taken were 71 samples of MTS 1 teachers in Bekasi City. This study uses PLS 3 as an analytical tool and is assisted by the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences or SPSS. The partial test results showed that teaching experience significantly affected teacher performance, school culture had no significant effect on teacher performance, and motivation significantly affected teacher performance. The results of the simultaneous test study showed that teaching experience, school culture, and motivation had a significant effect on teacher performance.

Preface -- Acknowledgements -- 1. Introduction: Matthew Ryan Hauge & Andrew W. Pitts -- Part I: Educational Contexts and Settings -- 2. The Torah versus Homer: Jewish and Graeco-Roman -- Catherine Hezser, SOAS, University of London, UK -- 3. Exodus from the Cave: Moses as Platonic Educator -- Craig Evan Anderson, Claremont School of Theology in California, USA -- 4. Observing a Teacher of Progymnasmata -- Ronald F. Hock, University of Southern California, USA -- 5. The Seven Sages, The Delphic Canon and Ethical Education in Antiquity -- James R. Harrison, Sydney College of Divinity, Australia -- Part II: Early Christian Appropriations -- 6. Fabulous Parables: The Storytelling Tradition in the Synoptic Gospels -- Matthew Ryan Hauge, Azusa Pacific University, USA -- 7. The Origins of Greek Mimesis, Ancient Education, and Gospel of Mark: Genre as a Potential Constraint in Assessing Markan Imitation -- Andrew W. Pitts, Arizona Christian University, USA -- 8. Luke and Progymnasmata: Rhetorical Handbooks, Rhetorical Sophistication and Genre Selection -- Sean A. Adams, University of Glasgow, UK -- 9. Luke's Antetextuality in Light of Ancient Rhetorical Education -- Dennis R. MacDonald, Claremont School of Theology in California, USA -- 10. A School pf Paul? The Use of Pauline Texts in Early Christian Schooltext Papyri -- Jennifer R. Strawbridge, University of Oxford, UK -- 11. How Did the 'Teaching' Teach? The Didache as Catechesis -- William Varner, The Master's College, USA --

Der Beitrag informiert in seinem ersten Teil über Einrichtungen der Lehrerfortbildung (LFB) in den drei Ländern. Der Deskription der Institutionen und Maßnahmen des einzelnen Landes ist jeweils eine Kurzcharakterisierung der allgemeinen Bildungssituation vorangestellt. In einem zweiten Teil werden allgemeine Probleme der LFB analysiert, die sich in den drei Ländern ergeben, so z.B. freiwillige und/oder pflichtmäßige Veranstaltungen, zentral gesteuerte, regionale und/oder schulinterne LFB, Universität und LFB, das Theorie-Praxis-Verhältnis in der LFB. Im Schlußteil wird der Versuch einer Auswertung als eine Art Ertragsgewinnung für unsere eigene LFB unternommen. (DIPF/Orig.)

This chapter is relevant for educators in early years settings, in primary schools and beyond. You will see from Chapter 1 that, for a variety of reasons, the aims of education and the degree of political influence and central control over all dimensions of education are dynamic: they change as society changes. Teachers have had little encouragement recently to question what or how to teach. And 'primary education suffers more than its share of scare-mongering and hyperbole, not to mention deliberate myth-making' (Hofkins and Northen, 2009, p. 5). The report continues: 'Isn't it time to move on from the populism, polarisation and name-calling which for too long have supplanted real educational debate and progress? Children deserve better from the nation's leaders and shapers of opinion.' The Teachers' Standards (DfE, 2013), which apply to teachers regardless of their career stage, do not expect you to explore questions about the aims, purposes and value of education. However, they do require teachers to, 'act with honesty and integrity …and to be self-critical' (p. 7). If children's lives are not to be at the mercy of political whim, it is essential that teachers learn the skills of robust, critical evaluation, based on their reading, experience and reflection, in order to develop strong personal philosophies about what, how and why we teach children, and to interpret changes in ways which are professionally valid and have integrity. It is important to learn scepticism, and have a concern about the larger questions and a deep understanding of what we teach, to have time to reflect, research and study. This chapter aims to help you do this. First, it gives an overview of the questions philosophers have asked about education in the past, and ask currently, and shows you how to engage with them. Then it links these to theories about how children learn.

Rezension zu: Tatto, Maria Teresa, Schwille, John, Senk, Sharon L., . . Reckase, Mark (Eds.). (2012). Policy, practice, and readiness to teach primary and secondary mathematics in 17 countries. Amsterdam: IEA, 291 S. ISBN 978-90-79549-12-2

In order to identify the main obstacles and difficulties encountered by teachers to produce powerful knowledge in the discipline of Physical Education (PE) and to understand how the solutions were elaborated, we developed an action research, in which two PE teachers participated, teaching in a municipal school. The data produced led to debates about some elements of didactics, namely: planning, innovative didactic-pedagogical strategies, relation theory and practice and evaluation. Analyzing them, we concluded that it is necessary to recover the complexity of teaching, something that goes beyond the "application" of exercises/activities. In this sense, it seems to us that Initial Formation (IF) could contribute more effectively to the elaboration of responses. ; Com o objetivo de identificar os principais entraves e dificuldades encontradas pelos professores para produzir conhecimentos poderosos na disciplina de Educação Fí­sica (EF) e compreender como foram elaboradas as soluções, desenvolvemos uma pesquisa-ação, em que participaram dois professores de EF, docentes numa escola municipal. Os dados produzidos suscitaram debates em torno de alguns elementos da didática, a saber: planejamento, estratégias didático-pedagógicas inovadoras, relação teoria e prática e avaliação. Ao analisá-los, conclui-se que é necessário resgatar a complexidade da docência, algo que vai além da "aplicação" de exercí­cios/atividades. Nesse sentido, parece-nos que a Formação Inicial (FI) poderia contribuir de forma mais efetiva na elaboração das respostas.

This article begins with the assumption that the argument for the inclusion of children with disabilities in mainstream schools, championed by Sustainable Development Goal 4 and Article 24 of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, has largely been accepted nationally and internationally by policy makers, and is increasingly being accepted by teachers. In interrogating the complex craft of developing inclusive and equal learning environments for children with disabilities, this article draws upon Kershner's "core aspects of teachers' knowledge and knowing", and in particular, "the school as a site for the development of teaching expertise and the creation of knowledge". Data is presented from in-depth interviews following videoed lesson observations with experienced teachers in 15 rural, urban and coastal primary schools in four districts in Tanzania. Findings indicate that the teachers' practice is moving unevenly towards disability equality, and involves processes of inclusions and exclusions. This involves teacher autonomy, agency and reflective practice in the context of material, attitudinal, structural, pedagogic and curricular barriers. The teachers' expertise has potential to inform national and international policy developments, and so reduce the evident rhetoric-reality gap. In conclusion, it is argued that inclusive education needs to grapple with disability as a social construct, and lessons are drawn for the further fulfilment of the rights of children with disabilities to equal participation in education.

This report presents an analysis of how effectively current policies in Malawi engage the private sector in primary and secondary education. The analysis draws on the engaging the private sector (EPS) framework, a product of the World Bank's systems approach for better education results (SABER). SABER-EPS research in Malawi found that the net enrollment rate for primary education has increased significantly, to 89 percent, while secondary net enrollment rate remains low, at only 11 percent as of 2013 (the latest available data). At both the primary and secondary levels, quality, and equity are challenges. The private sector plays an increasingly significant role in education at both levels. Based on a review of existing policies, SABER-EPS offers the following recommendations for enhancing private sector engagement in the education sector in the country in order to meet the challenges of access, quality, and equity: (1) concentrate on improving the quality of learning outcomes by encouraging continuous improvement at the school level by means of school improvement planning and incentives; (2) empower parents by ensuring that they are given information on school quality that enables them to make informed choices and are not hindered by restrictive school selection criteria; and (3) create a regulatory environment that encourages greater supply of school places to help overcome constraints, particularly at the secondary level. The report provides an overview of SABER-EPS, followed by a description of the primary and secondary education system in Malawi with a focus on the private sector and government policies related to the private provision of education. The report then benchmarks Malawi's policy environment utilizing the SABER-EPS Framework and offers policy options to enhance access and learning for all children in primary and secondary school.