The critical dependence of armed forces on teams carrying out tasks in a continuously changing, uncertain and often dangerous environment, raises questions about how to better understand factors that enable or hamper effective team learning. So far there is no developed field of research into team learning in the Swedish Armed Forces. This is the first of several studies within the Swedish Armed Forces to explore and gain a better understanding of team learning. In this first study of team learning we followed a military staff exercise. The theoretical base in this study is Amy Edmondson's theoretical model for studying and analyzing team learning. The model consists of context support, team leader coaching, team psychology safety and team learning behavior. The results of this study supports the theoretical model of team learning and describe factors that are important for creating good conditions for team learning behavior.
Many decisions in politics and business are made by teams rather than by single individuals. In contrast, economic models typically assume an individual rational decision maker. A rapidly growing body of (experimental) literature investigates team decisions in different settings. We study team decisions in a public goods contribution game with a costly punishment option and compare it to the behavior of individuals in a laboratory experiment. We also consider different team decision-making rules (unanimity, majority). We find that teams contribute significantly more and punish less than individuals, regardless of the team decision rule. Overall, teams yield higher payoffs than individuals.
En este artículo se propone una transformación del gobierno de las universidades públicas de Colombia en el marco de una propuesta de reforma de la educación superior. En esta se debe introducir la idea de la profundización de la democracia en consonancia con las transformaciones políticas y sociales que se están dando en el país en el sentido de un cambio en las estructuras de poder político. Esta transformación tiene que darse mediante una radicalización de la representación profesoral y estudiantil. ; Aunque es común referirse al imperio internacional de la ley, es menos común definirlo o explorar lo que significa. En este ensayo examino el imperio internacional de la ley en la práctica y en teoría. Esto es importante porque muchas controversias sobre la dirección de la política mundial se basan de hecho en explicaciones diferentes del imperio internacional de la ley. Comprender las diferentes maneras en que se usa esta idea y sus implicaciones para la elección de políticas puede ayudar a clarificar lo que se está discutiendo y lo que no en las controversias globales. Yo planteo tres enfoques distintos del concepto de imperio internacional de la ley y los comparo con la práctica estatal contemporánea. El primero está anclado en la obligación de los estados de cumplir sus obligaciones legales internacionales. El segundo traza una analogía con el imperio doméstico de la ley. El tercero parte de la observación de que los estados invocan la ley internacional para explicar y justificar sus políticas – de aquí se amplía a un modelo de la ley como parte integral de la legitimación política. Me parece que el tercero ofrece la comprensión conceptualmente más coherente del imperio internacional de la ley y tiene implicaciones interesantes para el estudio de la ley y la política internacionales. ; El autor aborda la tendencia del crecimiento del capital por encima de la expansión económica, que ha generado una excesiva desigualdad, mostrando que esto además ha coincidido con el retroceso en el estado de bienestar, incidiendo en las políticas nacionales y por ello generando una transformación del estatus de ciudadano hacia un productor de bienes y consumidor. Los argumentos se dirigen a mostrar cómo esta situación contradice los principios de protección de las mínimas condiciones sociales y económicas esgrimidos por la declaración universal de los derechos humanos y el modo como el capital internacional incide en las decisiones políticas transformando el concepto tradicional de soberanía y de ciudadanía. Se evidencia pues una necesidad de decisiones que, en términos políticos impongan cargas económicas al capital, sobre todo al internacional. ; La filosofía estándar de la economía presupone que en el dominio de los fenómenos económicos subyacen regularidades estables, las cuales pueden explicarse mediante el funcionamiento de mecanismos o de máquinas socioeconómicas. Asimismo, se considera que una vez puestos en funcionamiento, su comportamiento no necesita de subsecuentes intervenciones. Esto implica asumir que los procesos socioeconómicos tienen una naturaleza semejante a los de las ciencias naturales. No obstante, dichas regularidades son por lo general examinadas a la luz de algún modelo económico, por lo cual pierden muchas veces contacto con el mundo real. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo poner en el centro del análisis otro objeto de estudio: los procesos económicos basados en expectativas. Se trata de procesos en los cuales la acción humana funciona como nexo causal entre las variables económicas y en los que dicha acción es producto de una formación previa de expectativas, las cuales son sensibles a la información del contexto. Se mostrará que en esta clase de procesos la intervención sistemática sobre las condiciones de fondo y sobre las expectativas es fundamental si lo que se busca es alcanzar un objetivo deseado o lograr un proceso estable. Esta intervención requerirá no solo del conocimiento proporcionado por los modelos, sino también de un conocimiento extrateorético o interdisciplinario. ; El desarrollo y la especialización que sufrieran los organismos policiales durante la modernidad condujeron a un cuestionamiento en torno a sus competencias para afectar las formas de vida de la sociedad, llegando a un punto máximo cuando esta intervención comprendía limitar la libertad —tanto pública como privada— de los ciudadanos. El debate que surge en torno a la actividad policial en relación con estos dos puntos —entre coerción y libertad— es el presentado a la luz de los pensamientos de Fichte y Hegel, con vista a analizar las condiciones (y las condicionantes que impone) en las que ejerce su acción dentro de la sociedad. ; En este artículo se expone una reflexión desde la propuesta teórica de Charles Taylor sobre la construcción de la identidad individual como una narración social frente a la crítica de Amartya Sen, quien propone la identidad como resultado solo de la elección personal. Se argumenta que las críticas que Amartya Sen hace a los argumentos de Taylor son infundadas, ya que la perspectiva de Charles Taylor se centra más en el carácter fundamentalmente constructivo, narrativo y dialógico de la identidad que en la pérdida de la libertad y la mera aceptación acrítica de la identidad asumida. Se concluye que la identidad como narración social desde la perspectiva teoría de Taylor sí da cabida a la capacidad de elegir de los individuos y a la consideración de las identidades múltiples y múltiples lealtades identitarias, pero se hace notar la importancia del contexto social y del grupo por encima de la elección personal en el momento en que una persona construye su identidad, ya que les da valor a los bienes externos como la comunidad cultural y lingüística a la que la pertenece y que hacen posible la inteligibilidad y la narración de lo que somos y de quiénes somos. ; Se examina la relación entre razones y causas de la acción en el psicoanálisis freudiano. Hay acuerdo en que Freud confundía, o por lo menos no hizo una distinción rigurosa a lo largo de su trabajo, entre razones y causas. Se analizarán dos interpretaciones al respecto. De un lado, la que sostiene que había en él una tendencia naturalista y que, en ese sentido, nunca abandonó su pretensión de encontrar las causas de la acción humana; de otro lado, la que defiende que en Freud imperó siempre una orientación más psicologizante, con base en la cual defendió la búsqueda del sentido de actos fallidos, sueños, etc.; lo cual lo llevó a abandonar su orientación cientificista y a concentrarse en la comprensión o interpretación de la acción. Como alternativa se propone considerar que el conflicto en Freud se soluciona si dejamos de lado los dualismos razones / causas y comprensión /explicación. ; El objetivo de este trabajo es discutir la interpretación tradicional según la cual los razonamientos de Zenón de Elea en contra de la multiplicidad constituyen una defensa de la tesis monista. Intentaré demostrar que las objeciones zenonianas a la multiplicidad suponen una crítica previa a la existencia de "lo uno". Por este motivo, Zenón no es monista ni pluralista, sino, más bien, un crítico de las perspectivas metafísicas que consideran al ser en términos numéricos, i. e. como uno o como múltiple. Para ello me concentraré en el análisis de la interpretación que Aristóteles desarrolla sobre la filosofía de Zenón, considerando algunos pasajes de Física, Refutaciones sofísticas y, fundamentalmente, Metafísica, III. 4. 1001b7-13 (DK 29 A 21). También incluiré algunos testimonios del comentario a la Física de Simplicio, en los que se discuten las interpretaciones de Eudemo de Rodas y Alejandro de Afrodisia, que ratifican el punto de vista aristotélico sobre la filosofía de Zenón (In Ph. 99.7-18, DK 29 A 21; 138.3-6, DK 29 A 22). ; A fines de los 50 y a lo largo de los años 60 Feyerabend formula su doctrina de la proliferación teórica. Con ella busca inicialmente destacar la presencia positiva de la metafísica en el proceso de explicación teórica. Concretamente, pretende dar cuenta de la impotencia de toda teoría científica de explicar realísticamente el mundo si no estuviera informada por supuestos que sus interlocutores juzgan como a-científicos o pre-científicos. Ahora bien, para poder precisar el papel que juega la metafísica en el proceso de explicación teórica es preciso dilucidar qué entiende Feyerabend por realismo. Entre los especialistas existe una discusión acerca de si este defiende un realismo científico o un antirrealismo. Con el propósito de poder comprender en qué sentido Feyerabend sostiene que la metafísica provee vías de acceso para explicar el mundo, procuraremos demostrar la naturaleza normativa de su realismo.
Tese de mestrado em Informática, apresentada à Universidade de Lisboa, através da Faculdade de Ciências, 2010 ; Actualmente, equipas de robôs móveis intervém em diversos contextos e ambientes onde a intervenção humana é perigosa ou mesmo impossível, podemos mencionar como exemplo a vigilância de espaços físicos, como zonas militares ou nucleares. Devido à crescente complexidade inserida nos seus sistemas, esses robôs ficam mais poderosos mas paradoxalmente mais susceptíveis a falhas de hardware e software. Além disso, a incerteza na comunicação wireless pode privá-los temporariamente do seu suporte de informação remoto. Este tipo de problema pode ser causado pelo alcance limitado do emissor wireless e pelas zonas de sombra criadas pelo terreno. Por todas essas razões, desenhar arquitecturas capazes de oferecer mais resiliência para controlo das aplicações, tornou-se um verdadeiro desafio. Este documento aborda um motor cooperativo e resiliente para equipas de robôs que lhes permite partilharem uma vista comum e lidar com novos eventos de uma forma fiável e resiliente. Este middleware tem como função estabelecer a guarda de uma qualquer zona física e detectar eventos inabituais como os intrusos. Neste ultimo caso, um robô tem que encontrar uma maneira de bloquear o intruso para o impedir de fugir. O sistema apoia-se em duas características chave, a primeira é uma camada de controlo baseado em dois sub-módulos de controlo, o payload e o wormhole, a segunda é uma arquitectura baseada em eventos que executam tarefas do payload. Em relação à camada de controlo, o payload pode ser complexo e acede à informação partilhada pelos robôs enquanto que o wormhole é confiável mas apenas utiliza a informação local. O payload utiliza uma estrutura de dados chamada "promessa" na qual fornece o deadline correspondente ao momento mais tarde onde deve enviar a próxima promessa. No caso de receber esta promessa depois do deadline, o wormhole considera que o payload falhou, toma o controlo e executa as tarefas criticas no lugar do ...
The Center for Homeland Defense and Security (CHDS) Executive Education Seminar program prepares senior level state and local officials to examine, define and meet the challenges homeland security poses for their jurisdictions. These seminars provide opportunities for state, city or urban area leaders to engage in strategic planning, policy development and organizational design through facilitated discussion. Seminars are conducted by Mobile Education Teams (MET) comprising nationally recognized experts in various areas related to homeland security. The seminars are designed to enhance leadership development, communication and knowledge at senior levels of local, state and federal governments and agencies. For states, the target audience is the governor and his/her homeland security team, which is expected to consist of the governor's senior staff and the heads of each department and agency that has a role in homeland security. The focus for local government includes mayors and senior urban area officials and their homeland security leadership.
[EN] In this article we study the impact of the negotiation environment on the performance of several intra-team strategies (team dynamics) for agent-based negotiation teams that negotiate with an opponent. An agent-based negotiation team is a group of agents that joins together as a party because they share common interests in the negotiation at hand. It is experimentally shown how negotiation environment conditions like the deadline of both parties, the concession speed of the opponent, similarity among team members, and team size affect performance metrics like the minimum utility of team members, the average utility of team members, and the number of negotiation rounds. Our goal is identifying which intra-team strategies work better in different environmental conditions in order to provide useful knowledge for team members to select appropriate intra-team strategies according to environmental conditions. ; This work is supported by TIN2011-27652-C03-01, TIN2009-13839-C03-01, CSD2007-00022 of the Spanish Government, and FPU Grant AP2008-00600 awarded to Victor Sanchez-Anguix. We would also like to thank anonymous reviewers and assistants of AAMAS 2011 who helped us to improve our previous work, making this present work possible. ; Sanchez-Anguix, V.; Julian Inglada, VJ.; Botti, V.; García-Fornes, A. (2013). Studying the impact of negotiation environments on negotiation teams' performance. Information Sciences. 219:17-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2012.07.017 ; S ; 17 ; 40 ; 219
Cohesion, team trust, stress, perceived Self and collective efficacy are considered to be significant factors of military teams performance efficacy. Still it is not clear, what the interaction between these factors are and in what way they predict performance efficacy. For the purpose of the study three questionnaires were developed: Perceived Military Stress, Perceived Military Self –efficacy and Perceived Military Collective Efficacy questionnaires, two scales of other authors were adapted to Lithuanian military population. 160 soldiers of Lithuanian professional military, belonging to 28 military teams (sections) took part in the research. It was estimated that cohesion, team trust, perceived Self and Collective efficacy are related to performance efficacy. Path model proves, that perceived collective efficacy is the most important variable predicting military team's performance efficacy and stress. Team's performance efficacy can also be predicted by cohesion, team trust and perceived Self - efficacy, but these factors predict performance efficacy not directly, but through perceived collective efficacy. Besides, higher levels of perceived Self and collective efficacy characterize person with international operation experience. Privates tend to experience higher levels of stress and to trust their teams less to compare to junior privates. Commanders of the section and their subjects evaluate their teams similar.
Cohesion, team trust, stress, perceived Self and collective efficacy are considered to be significant factors of military teams performance efficacy. Still it is not clear, what the interaction between these factors are and in what way they predict performance efficacy. For the purpose of the study three questionnaires were developed: Perceived Military Stress, Perceived Military Self–efficacy and Perceived Military Collective Efficacy questionnaires, two scales of other authors were adapted to Lithuanian military population. 160 soldiers of Lithuanian professional military, belonging to 28 military teams (sections) took part in the research. It was estimated that cohesion, team trust, perceived Self and Collective efficacy are related to performance efficacy. Path model proves, that perceived collective efficacy is the most important variable predicting military team's performance efficacy and stress. Team's performance efficacy can also be predicted by cohesion, team trust and perceived Self - efficacy, but these factors predict performance efficacy not directly, but through perceived collective efficacy. Besides, higher levels of perceived Self and collective efficacy characterize person with international operation experience. Privates tend to experience higher levels of stress and to trust their teams less to compare to junior privates. Commanders of the section and their subjects evaluate their teams similar.
Cohesion, team trust, stress, perceived Self and collective efficacy are considered to be significant factors of military teams performance efficacy. Still it is not clear, what the interaction between these factors are and in what way they predict performance efficacy. For the purpose of the study three questionnaires were developed: Perceived Military Stress, Perceived Military Self –efficacy and Perceived Military Collective Efficacy questionnaires, two scales of other authors were adapted to Lithuanian military population. 160 soldiers of Lithuanian professional military, belonging to 28 military teams (sections) took part in the research. It was estimated that cohesion, team trust, perceived Self and Collective efficacy are related to performance efficacy. Path model proves, that perceived collective efficacy is the most important variable predicting military team's performance efficacy and stress. Team's performance efficacy can also be predicted by cohesion, team trust and perceived Self - efficacy, but these factors predict performance efficacy not directly, but through perceived collective efficacy. Besides, higher levels of perceived Self and collective efficacy characterize person with international operation experience. Privates tend to experience higher levels of stress and to trust their teams less to compare to junior privates. Commanders of the section and their subjects evaluate their teams similar.
Cohesion, team trust, stress, perceived Self and collective efficacy are considered to be significant factors of military teams performance efficacy. Still it is not clear, what the interaction between these factors are and in what way they predict performance efficacy. For the purpose of the study three questionnaires were developed: Perceived Military Stress, Perceived Military Self–efficacy and Perceived Military Collective Efficacy questionnaires, two scales of other authors were adapted to Lithuanian military population. 160 soldiers of Lithuanian professional military, belonging to 28 military teams (sections) took part in the research. It was estimated that cohesion, team trust, perceived Self and Collective efficacy are related to performance efficacy. Path model proves, that perceived collective efficacy is the most important variable predicting military team's performance efficacy and stress. Team's performance efficacy can also be predicted by cohesion, team trust and perceived Self - efficacy, but these factors predict performance efficacy not directly, but through perceived collective efficacy. Besides, higher levels of perceived Self and collective efficacy characterize person with international operation experience. Privates tend to experience higher levels of stress and to trust their teams less to compare to junior privates. Commanders of the section and their subjects evaluate their teams similar.
Cohesion, team trust, stress, perceived Self and collective efficacy are considered to be significant factors of military teams performance efficacy. Still it is not clear, what the interaction between these factors are and in what way they predict performance efficacy. For the purpose of the study three questionnaires were developed: Perceived Military Stress, Perceived Military Self–efficacy and Perceived Military Collective Efficacy questionnaires, two scales of other authors were adapted to Lithuanian military population. 160 soldiers of Lithuanian professional military, belonging to 28 military teams (sections) took part in the research. It was estimated that cohesion, team trust, perceived Self and Collective efficacy are related to performance efficacy. Path model proves, that perceived collective efficacy is the most important variable predicting military team's performance efficacy and stress. Team's performance efficacy can also be predicted by cohesion, team trust and perceived Self - efficacy, but these factors predict performance efficacy not directly, but through perceived collective efficacy. Besides, higher levels of perceived Self and collective efficacy characterize person with international operation experience. Privates tend to experience higher levels of stress and to trust their teams less to compare to junior privates. Commanders of the section and their subjects evaluate their teams similar.
Cohesion, team trust, stress, perceived Self and collective efficacy are considered to be significant factors of military teams performance efficacy. Still it is not clear, what the interaction between these factors are and in what way they predict performance efficacy. For the purpose of the study three questionnaires were developed: Perceived Military Stress, Perceived Military Self –efficacy and Perceived Military Collective Efficacy questionnaires, two scales of other authors were adapted to Lithuanian military population. 160 soldiers of Lithuanian professional military, belonging to 28 military teams (sections) took part in the research. It was estimated that cohesion, team trust, perceived Self and Collective efficacy are related to performance efficacy. Path model proves, that perceived collective efficacy is the most important variable predicting military team's performance efficacy and stress. Team's performance efficacy can also be predicted by cohesion, team trust and perceived Self - efficacy, but these factors predict performance efficacy not directly, but through perceived collective efficacy. Besides, higher levels of perceived Self and collective efficacy characterize person with international operation experience. Privates tend to experience higher levels of stress and to trust their teams less to compare to junior privates. Commanders of the section and their subjects evaluate their teams similar.
Cohesion, team trust, stress, perceived Self and collective efficacy are considered to be significant factors of military teams performance efficacy. Still it is not clear, what the interaction between these factors are and in what way they predict performance efficacy. For the purpose of the study three questionnaires were developed: Perceived Military Stress, Perceived Military Self –efficacy and Perceived Military Collective Efficacy questionnaires, two scales of other authors were adapted to Lithuanian military population. 160 soldiers of Lithuanian professional military, belonging to 28 military teams (sections) took part in the research. It was estimated that cohesion, team trust, perceived Self and Collective efficacy are related to performance efficacy. Path model proves, that perceived collective efficacy is the most important variable predicting military team's performance efficacy and stress. Team's performance efficacy can also be predicted by cohesion, team trust and perceived Self - efficacy, but these factors predict performance efficacy not directly, but through perceived collective efficacy. Besides, higher levels of perceived Self and collective efficacy characterize person with international operation experience. Privates tend to experience higher levels of stress and to trust their teams less to compare to junior privates. Commanders of the section and their subjects evaluate their teams similar.
