Artykuł omawia najczęściej występujące w literaturze przedmiotu style kierowania pracownikami, a także próbuje odpowiedzieć na pytanie o optymalny styl kierowania w sytuacji kryzysu w przedsiębiorstwie. Sytuacja ta jest niezwykle trudna zarówno dla kadry kierowniczej, jak i pracowników. Często decydującą rolę odgrywa tu czas. Dlatego też menedżerowie powinni przyjmować styl kierowania adekwatny do zaistniałej sytuacji. Czasami będzie to styl demokratyczny, zdecydowanie częściej autokratyczny. W opracowaniu zawarto wyniki badań empirycznych przeprowadzonych wśród 138 przedsiębiorstw znajdujących się w kryzysie. ; This article discusses the most common in the literature staff management styles, and tries to answer the question about the optimal management style in a crisis situation in the company. This situation is a very difficult for both managers and employees. Often, time plays a decisive role. Therefore, managers should take the leadership style appropriate to the situation. Sometimes it will be a democratic style, far more autocratic. The paper contains the results of empirical research conducted among 138 companies in crisis situations.
в работе рассматривается проблема агрессивного поведения в воинском коллективе и проводится исследование его взаимосвязи с формированием неуставных отношений. Дается развернутое определение понятию «агрессия». Проводится эмпирическое изучение проблемы возникновения неуставных взаимоотношений в воинском коллективе ; с помощью программы Psychometric Expert приводятся результаты обработки данных исследования. ; the paper deals with the problem of aggressive behavior in the military team and studies its relationship with the hazing development. A detailed definition of the concept of "aggression" is given in this article. The author shows an empirical study of the problem of occurrence of hazing in the military collective and the results of the study data ; using Psychometric Expert program.
В публикации приведен документ из фонда штаба Отдельного корпуса жандармов, раскрывающий взгляд генерал-лейтенанта барона Г.П. фон Медема на полицейскую стражу, а также его проект реформы нового государственного учреждения. В первой части документа Г.П. фон Медем описывает полицейскую стражу Вятской, Казанской и Пермской губерний, проверяющим которых он выступил в феврале–марте 1906 г. Автор рапорта весьма скептически смотрит на перспективы развития революционного движения в Поволжье и на Урале, а организованную на новых началах полицейскую стражу и дислоцированные в губернии войска рассматривает в качестве ключевой меры для его сдерживания. Во второй части документа речь идет о тех мерах, которые, по мнению жандарма, необходимо предпринять для улучшения положения стражи. Данные предложения выходят далеко за пределы простых указаний губернаторам о необходимости устранения выявленных в ходе проверок недостатков. Реализация подобных мер потребовала бы радикального пересмотра законодательства о полицейской страже и передачи ее из-под контроля общей полиции и губернатора в ведение губернского жандармского управления. Достаточно много внимания в публикуемом документе уделено предложениям Г.П. фон Медема по изменениям в организации полицейской конницы. Однако высказанные в рапорте инициативы не заинтересовали министра внутренних дел, который сосредоточился лишь на частном вопросе недостаточного снабжения полицейской стражи фуражным довольствием. Во вступительной части освещены историографические аспекты темы, жизненный путь барона Г.П. фон Медема, введение полицейской стражи в Российской империи, характеристика корпуса источников, к которому относится публикуемый документ, и специфика передачи текста документа. The publication reproduces a document from the fonds of the headquarters of the Separate Corps of Gendarmes. The document reveals the views of Lieutenant General Baron G.P. von Medem on the police guard and contains his proposal to reform the new government agency. In the first part of the document, G. von Medem describes the police guards of Vyatka Governorate, Kazan Governorate, and Perm Governorate, which he inspected in February–March 1906. The author of the report is very skeptical about the prospects for the development of the revolutionary movement in the Volga region and the Urals and considers the police guard organized on a new basis and the troops stationed in the governorate as a key measure to contain it. The second part of the document deals with the measures that must be taken to improve the situation of the guards, in the opinion of the gendarme. These proposals go far beyond simple instructions to the governors to eliminate the shortcomings identified during the inspections. The implementation of such measures would require a radical revision of the legislation on the police guard and its transfer from the control of the general police and the governor to the governorate gendarme department. In the published document, G. von Medem pays much attention to the proposals on changes in the organization of the police cavalry. However, the initiatives expressed in the report did not interest the Minister of Internal Affairs, who focused only on the specific issue of insufficient supply of the police guards with forage. The introductory part highlights the historiographical aspects of the topic, the life of Baron G. von Medem, the introduction of the police guard in the Russian Empire, the characteristics of the corpus of sources to which the published document belongs, and specific features of the reproduction of the text of the document.
This paper aims to demonstrate the ineptitude of the European Union in implementing action to ensure security of the member states and, in consequence, pursuing effective foreign policy towards states which are indirectly involved in the relationships within the European region. The author argues the proposition through confrontation and interpretation of knowledge conveyed in expert sources. ; This paper aims to demonstrate the ineptitude of the European Union in implementing action to ensure security of the member states and, in consequence, pursuing effective foreign policy towards states which are indirectly involved in the relationships within the European region. The author argues the proposition through confrontation and interpretation of knowledge conveyed in expert sources.
The article considers the reasons of increasing the role and social responsibilities of public organizations under the conditions of transformation of economic and political relationships in Ukraine, discusses the tendencies of changing the functional characteristics, objectives and tasks of primary public associations, recently appearing in great number at educational institutions. The analysis made gives grounds for the conclusion about the inevitability of reversion from the individualized society to collective, team principles of communication and about the role of public organizations in the process. The legislative and regulatory activity is characterized; the necessity of its improvement as soon as possible is underlined.
The article focuses on the question about the effectiveness of the development of the organization. It is noted that one of the main causes of low labour productivity, labour discipline and high employee turnover in the organization is incorrectly formed a team of employees, without taking into account the psychological factors affecting it. Right formed a team of employees that is efficient, is key to the success of the entire organization. Discusses approaches to the study of the essence of the organization and its structure. The reasons for the formation of teams. The authors believe that the new environment makes new demands to improve the efficiency of the organization and only those organizations that are at the forefront will put the interests of their employees and on this basis will form effective work teams, will gain a great competitive advantage.
This article is focused on the connection between extracurricular sports and alcohol consumption among students in vocational schools (VS). Data collected in 2014 contains information on engagement in individual and team sports and frequency of alcohol consumption by students from vocational schools in St.-Petersburg (29 schools, 2935 students, 77% of them being boys with an average age of 17). Analysis with logistic regressions demonstrates that the effect of extra-curricular sports on drinking is rather low. The main conclusions are: (1) patterns of alcohol consumption are different for boys and girls; (2) team sports are positively related to frequency of drinking; (3) there are no gender differences in the relations between team sports and drinking; and (4) reaching the legal drinking age (18 years old) is more strongly associated with drinking than engaging in team sports. Future studies of adolescent risk behavior are necessary to understand whether these results are unique for extracurricular sports activities or common for all extracurricular activities which involve teams.
Professional sports are of high social importance. Questions of the socio-economic efficiency of professional sports remain topical. State participation in financing professional sports teams in team sports in today's conditions cannot be replaced in the short term with sponsorship funding. Therefore, the system of subsidizing their activities through contracts with non-commercial partnerships, one of the founders of which is the state authority of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation, is currently considered optimal. The social effect obtained from the activities of professional sports organizations, including sports teams in playing sports, is assessed, as a rule, positively. The achievements of the region's athletes on the all-Russian and international arena contribute to the enhancement of the region's status and serve as a source of pride for its residents.
The article analyzes the main stages of personality's politicization. The main types of political subject have been treated. Determined that agreement basically has everyone's desire to be part of a group, team, company, and disagreement basically contains a human being's desire to leave the team, to oppose it. ; В статье проанализированы основные этапы политизации личности. Рассмотрены основные типы субъектов политики. Определено, что согласие в своей основе имеет стремление каждого человека быть частью группы, коллектива, общества, а несогласие в своей основе несёт стремление человека выделиться из коллектива, противопоставить себя ему.
Background. The need to study the population immunity to the SARS-CoV-2 virus is due to the intensive spread of COVID-19 and the implementation of immunoprophylaxis of this infection. The identification of the features of the formation of immunoresistance in organized military collectives will allow us to predict the development of the epidemic situation, including among comparable population groups. Aims the study of population immunity to the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic against the background of specific immunoprophylaxis in organized military collectives. Methods. According to epidemiological indications, an epidemiological study of collective immunity to the SARS-CoV-2 virus was conducted against the background of vaccination among cadets of military educational organizations. The study involved 497 people, divided into groups by epidemiological and vaccination history for COVID-19, blood groups and Rh factor. The assessment of the immunity intensity was carried out by the levels of class G immunoglobulins (IgG) to SARS-CoV-2 in the blood serum by the method of solid-phase enzyme immunoassay. Results. Seroprevalence in the total sample was 92.6%. The highest rates were observed among vaccinated patients: those who were not ill and vaccinated 99.0 0.7%, those who were ill and vaccinated-100% (mean geometric antibody titers 1:2234 and 1:4399). Among the ill, unvaccinated individuals, the seroprevalence index was 84.5 3.2% (1:220). Among those who were not ill, not vaccinated 8.2 3.1% (1:113), which may indicate a hidden course of the epidemic process in the team. A negative immune response was more common (tSt = 2.01; p 0.05) in individuals A(II)Rh+ blood group. The highest proportion of maximum antibody titers (1:32001:6400) was determined in AB(IV) individuals. Rh-blood groups (tSt=2.21; p 0.05). Conclusions. For the first time, the formation of combined immunity with the highest concentrations of specific antibodies was revealed in patients who have been ill and vaccinated has been revealed, which allows us to recommend vaccination to those who have suffered from COVID-19. The emergence of post-infectious immunity in organized groups with a latent epidemic process has been established. The relationship between the intensity of immunity with blood groups and the Rh factor was found. ; Обоснование. Необходимость изучения популяционного иммунитета к вирусу SARS-CoV-2 обусловлена интенсивным распространением COVID-19 и проведением иммунопрофилактики этой инфекции. Выявление особенностей формирования иммунорезистентности в организованных воинских коллективах позволит прогнозировать развитие эпидемической ситуации, в том числе среди сопоставимых групп населения. Цель исследования изучение популяционного иммунитета к вирусу SARS-CoV-2 в условиях пандемии COVID-19 на фоне проводимой специфической иммунопрофилактики в организованных воинских коллективах. Методы. По эпидемическим показаниям проведено эпидемиологическое исследование коллективного иммунитета к вирусу SARS-CoV-2 на фоне проводимой вакцинации среди курсантов военных образовательных организаций. В исследовании участвовали 497 человек, разделенные на группы по эпидемио-логическому и прививочному анамнезу по COVID-19, группам крови и резус-фактору. Оценку напряженности иммунитета проводили по уровням иммуноглобулинов класса G (IgG) к SARS-CoV-2 в сыворотке крови методом твердофазного иммуноферментного анализа. Результаты. Серопревалентность в общей выборке составила 92,6%. Самые высокие показатели наблюдались среди вакцинированных: неболевшие и привитые 99,0 0,7%, переболевшие и привитые 100% (среднегеометрические титры антител 1:2234 и 1:4399). Среди переболевших непривитых лиц показатель серопревалентности составил 84,5 3,2% (1:220), среди неболевших непривитых 87,2 3,1% (1:113), что может указывать на скрытое течение эпидемического процесса в коллективе. Отрицательный иммунный ответ чаще (tSt = 2,01; р 0,05) регистрировался у лиц А(II)Rh+ группы крови. Наиболее высокая доля максимальных титров антител (1:32001:6400) определялась у лиц AB(IV)Rh группы крови (tSt = 2,21; р 0,05). Заключение. Впервые выявлено формирование комбинированного иммунитета с наиболее высокими концентрациями специфических антител у переболевших и вакцинированных лиц, что позволяет рекомендовать вакцинацию перенесшим COVID-19. Установлено возникновение постинфекционного иммунитета в организованных коллективах при скрыто протекающем эпидемическом процессе. Обнаружена взаимосвязь напряженности иммунитета с группами крови и резус-фактором.
The article examines the results of the football reform in Russia associated with the change of the season of the Premier League championship. The data analysis shows a decrease in the level of competitive balance in Russian football after the calendar reform. The change in the degree of economic inequality of clubs at the same time, calculated on the basis of the transfer cost of clubs, showed that this inequality could not be the reason for the decrease in the level of competition. On the basis of the correlation and regression analysis, a positive correlation between the indicators of the national championship and the rating of the national team was established. Thus, we can talk about the negative impact of the calendar reform on the success of the Russian national team.
В статье обосновывается методика формирования команды из группы военнослужащих с учетом их совместимости, личностных ролей и диаграммы Венна. ; У статті обгрунтовується методика формування команди з групи військовослужбовців з урахуванням їх сумісності, особових ролей і діаграми Венна. ; The article explains the method of forming the team from a group of servicemen in accordance with their compatibility, personal roles and Venn diagrams.
