Suchergebnisse

This study is a partial advance of ongoing research whose main objective is the creation, contribution, and analysis of cultural indicators in the Ecuadorian university context. This work focuses specifically on providing a series of indicators on the equipment, use, and consumption of the TIC of students of the National University of Education of Ecuador (UNAE). The methodology used is the quantitative of descriptive-analytical order, based on the data collected in a survey applied on a population sample, made up of 438 students of the total universe between the different careers and cycles offered by the UNAE. The sample has a margin of 95% reliability and an error of 5%. The obtained results showed a high level of equipment, use, and consumption of the different technological devices. Also, this university population spends daily hours in academic and free time activities in cellphones, television, videos, and internet.

SAMMANFATTNING Projektet är inriktat på entreprenadupphandling av utemiljöskötsel. Vi gör en jämförelse mellan Sverige och Danmark och i görligaste mån mellan upphandlingar som genomförts enligt EU:s inköpsdirektiv (offentlig verksamhet) och upphandlingar som inte omfattas av direktivet (privat verksamhet). Som utgångspunkt har vi formulerat tre trender att följa upp: 1. Allt fler förvaltare, både offentliga och privata, övergår till upphandling av förvaltningen av sina utemiljöer på entreprenad istället för att genomföras i egen regi men det är oklart om denna trend nått en mättnad eller om det fortfarande är en ökande (eller minskande) andel upphandlad förvaltning. 2. Upphandling av utemiljöskötsel från offentliga förvaltare styrs av EU:s upphandlingsregler genom de nationella lagarna Lagen om offentlig upphandling (LOU) i Sverige och Tilbudsloven i Danmark. Tillämpningarna blir allt mer stelbenta efterhand som ansvaret för upphandlingar förs över till centrala upphandlingsenheter eller styrs till sitt upplägg av lokala/kommunala/andra upphandlingsreglementen. Kraven på genomsiktlighet, jämförbarhet och enkelhet ökar varför de kvalitativa aspekterna och kraven blir allt svårare att formulera och ha som utgångspunkt för att få rätt val av utförare och att upphandlingsunderlagen kan användas för att styra mot den efterfrågade kvaliteten i det utförda resultatet. 3. Funktionsupphandlingar tenderar att bli allt vanligare jämfört med moment- och arbetsspecificerade upphandlingar. Projektet har genomförts i tre steg. Det första var en webbenkät till parkförvaltare och fastighetsförvaltare i Sverige (45 park+15 bostad=60 svar) och Danmark (57 park+8 bostad=65 svar). Det andra var en telefonintervju till dem som i webbenkäten meddelat att de var beredda att vara med vid en intervju, 23 i Sverige och 6 i Danmark. Det tredje var en genomgång av svenska förfrågningsunderlag insamlade från en del av dem som medverkade vid telefonintervju och som jämfördes med en genomgång av förfrågningsunderlag från början av 1990-talet (Persson, 1996). De svenska och danska ramverken kring entreprenadupphandling är både likartade och skiljer sig åt. Störst är skillnaden att i Danmark har regeringen gripit in och skrivit avtal med kommunernas organisation om vilken omfattning entreprenadupphandling av kommunal verksamhet ska ha. Det finns även skillnader i hur anställningstryggheten hanteras när man går över till entreprenadverksamhet och att det i Danmark finns en särskild lag om kontrollbud som avges av den kommunala verksamheten vid entreprenadförfrågningar. Av webbenkäten framgår att: – I både Sverige och Danmark är trenden att de kommuner som nu lägger ut en del av sina skötseluppgifter på entreprenad förväntar sig en ännu större entreprenadupphandling framöver. – De svenska kommuner som lägger ut på entreprenad lägger ut en större andel av uppgifterna på entreprenad jämfört med de danska kommunerna. – Färre kommuner lägger ut på entreprenad i Sverige än i Danmark. 6 – Det är bara några få bostadsföretag som lägger ut skötseluppgifter på entreprenad i Danmark, medan andelen bostadsföretag som lägger ut skötseluppgifter på entreprenad är större i Sverige. Av telefonintervjuerna framgår att flödet för genomförande av upphandlingar och entreprenader är relativt snarlikt mellan Danmark och Sverige. Noteras kan att inköpsavdelningar eller liknande är inblandade i princip i alla undersökta kommuners upphandlingsprocesser. En skillnad är att bland våra danska respondenter använder samtliga sig av konsulter som stöd i olika led av processen medan det är mera ovanligt i Sverige. Bland våra danska case är alltid den politiska nivån medverkande i processen, vilket inte är fallet i Sverige. Där är en skillnad mellan upplägget av intervjuerna så frågan om politisk involvering är inte explicit ställd i de svenska. Vidare framgår att synen på funktions- respektive moment- och frekvensbaserade styrdokument är likartad i båda länderna. Helhetstänkande och holistiska styrdokument är mycket ovanliga men huvuddelen av respondenterna menar att det är den bästa formen för daglig uppföljning av entreprenaderna, men samtidigt är styrdokumenten i princip aldrig (med ett svenskt undantag) i sin helhet baserade på funktion och utseende utan föreskriver moment och/eller frekvenser. Både i Danmark och Sverige är respondenterna överens om att det är relationen mellan beställaren och entreprenören som är mest utslagsgivande för vilken kvalitet som levereras genom skötselarbetet. En stor skillnad mellan länderna är att entreprenadupphandling av skötsel är ovanligt inom den danska bostadssektorn. Vi har fått flera exempel på att upphandlingar mött starkt motstånd från boende och boendeorganisationer i Danmark och inte kunnat genomföras. I Sverige är inte detta en kontroversiell fråga utan bostadsföretag av olika slag har utemiljöskötsel på entreprenad i stor omfattning. Av dem som svarat på vår webbenkät är det 14 av 15 bostadsrepresentanter som har entreprenadupphandling. Av de granskade svenska förfrågningsunderlagen (16 stycken) som jämförts med förfrågningsunderlag från början av 1990-talet framgår att det skett en stor förändring i vad som sägs om kontroll och uppföljning. På 1990-talet var den vanligaste formen att beställaren utövade den kontroll hen ansåg lämplig medan det var mycket ovanligt att kontrollen baserades på entreprenörens egenkontroll. Här har skett en svängning fram till idag där förhållandena nu är de omvända. Förutom dessa två renodlade former för kontroll finns en rad olika modeller där beställaren och entreprenören gemensamt utövar kontroll och uppföljning. För de tre trenderna kan konstateras: 1. Övergång från egen regi till entreprenad: Vi har av undersökningstekniska skäl inte fått fram några uppgifter från de beställare som idag inte använder entreprenader, i vilken utsträckning de planerar att göra det. Däremot visar vår studie att för de beställare som idag har entreprenader så räknar i princip alla med att andelen entreprenadupphandlad skötsel kommer att öka de kommande fem åren. 2. EU:s upphandlingsreglers påverkan på kvalitetsstyrningen och skötselutförandet: Det är stor skillnad på de svenska förfrågningsunderlagen från 1990-talet fram till dagens. Det är mer fokus på formalia och på underlag för tilldelningskriterier. Av våra intervjuer framgår att man har starkt fokus på jämförbarhet och kvantifierbarhet och inköpsavdelningar är involverade i alla kommunala upphandlingsprocesser. Respondenterna säger att man idag har svårare att hävda mjuka kriterier då upphandlingsansvariga menar att det ökar risken för över 7 klaganden av tilldelningsbeslut. I vilken utsträckning detta har påverkat den erhållna kvaliteten i det genomförda skötselentreprenadarbetet har vi inte haft möjlighet att följa upp i föreliggande projekt. 3. Ökad användning av funktionsupphandlingar kontra moment- och frekvensupphandlingar: Nej, utvecklingen verkar inte gå åt det hållet utan tvärt om, moment- och frekvensbaserade styrdokument blir allt mer dominerande. En rad behov för fortsatt forskning och utveckling har identifierats där ett exempel är vilken inverkan styrdokumentens uppbyggnad (t.ex. om de baseras på funktion och utseende eller på moment och frekvenser) har för genomförandet av entreprenaderna och det erhållna resultatet. Ett annat exempel är analyser av de överklaganden och rättsärenden som finns från utemiljöskötselentreprenader i Sverige och Danmark för att klargöra hur vanligt förekommande de är, vad överklagande avser och hur utslagen tenderar att bli i dessa ärenden.

The concept of civil society has lately become fashionable in political as well as scientificcontexts. This article critically discusses the 'politics of truth' in A Persistent Democracy!, thefinal report of the Swedish Commission on Democracy. The argument in the article is that thereport over-stresses the importance of civil society and the role of individual responsibilitiesand initiatives against public arrangements and interventions, referred to in the report as statepaternalism. The report is making specific 'technologies of government' visible, as it is creatingcitizens as primarily 'moral human beings'. The problem with strategies to 'roll back theState' for the benefit of a civil society of this kind, is that they necessarily open up for inequalitiesand conflicts in-built in civil society. To deepen democracy presupposes a continuouslong-term struggle for changing predominant power structures and unequal distributionsof vital resources, material and non-material. In this perspective, the report of the Swedish Commission on Democracy does not offer an adequate answer to challenging questions forthe future of a vitalized Swedish democracy. ; Reprint ur Statsvetenskaplig Tidskrift 2000 (http://www.statsvetenskapligtidskrift.se/section.asp?id=552)

Sweden strives for adaptive wildlife management. With the introduction of new technologies and methodologies, adaptive management must be resilient and efficient in implementing and trying these, to truly stay adaptive. One of the most widely used technologies within Swedish wildlife management is camera traps, as they are a relatively cheap and unintrusive means of monitoring wildlife. In this report, I focus on the practical and theoretical development and implementation of camera traps. By conducting qualitative, key informant interviews with Swedish wildlife managers, I provide insight into managers' thoughts on and experiences with implementation of camera traps specifically and new technologies and methodologies more generally, and into their views on the challenges that Swedish wildlife management may face today, and in the future. The analysis revealed concerns in communication of information, knowledge, experiences, and technology uses between involved stakeholders, as well as issues in the coordination of methodological and technological development and implementation. Efficient communication and coordination are vital in maintaining a functional approach to adaptive wildlife management with fundamental knowledge amongst all stakeholders. The adaptive management framework and practical implementation needs careful work to obtain these functions. The analysis also revealed frustration amongst wildlife managers concerning the legislation around the use of new technologies. As adaptive management is reliant on a trial-and-error approach, legislation must be adapted to allow for new tools and methods to be tried in order to meet current and future management demands.

Source separation of urine for recycling has been applied in small-scale and decentralized wastewater systems in Sweden for the past 25 years and for blackwater for pollution control even longer. The Swedish experience with source separating nutrient recycling systems is relatively well documented; however, few reports have specifically studied the potential for expansion of this practice. The aim of this study is to fill this knowledge gap by assessing the status of source-separating technologies in Sweden based on transition theory. This study uses a multi-level perspective to determine how ready the Swedish wastewater sector is for transitioning to alternative systems. Given the stability of the existing sewage wastewater regime, it seems unlikely that changes within the regime will lead to a quick and large-scale transition to source separation. Instead, the initiative must come from the niche itself, exploiting institutional cracks in the regime and opportunities from shifting trends in the landscape. If source separation is to be mainstreamed in Sweden, it will need to break into markets within the wastewater jurisdictions. In order to do so, further knowledge needs to be developed that will overcome glitches with immature technologies, uncertain legal conditions/status, investigate potential risks, and clearly define complementary system advantages. This may require the use of new perspectives that focus on holistic sustainable use of resources, including other nutrients than phosphorous, and taking into account global issues such as planetary boundaries and effects from climate change, such as water scarcity. This knowledge can then be used to establish guidelines, norms, and standards, as well as clarify the legislative structures that can support such a transition. There is also a strong need to improve knowledge dissemination regarding best-practices for implementing source-separation technologies and supporting organizational structures. Similarly, support for entrepreneurial activities within the niche needs to increase, not least through strengthening social networks and communication platforms.

This paper aims at documenting the experience of the Environmental Research Center at the Royal Scientific Society in stakeholder participation in greywater management (treatment and reuse) in the rural communities in the northeastern Badia of Jordan. Stakeholders participating in the management process included local people, nongovernmental organizations, community-based organizations, governmental authorities, scientists and experts from universities and research institutions. The local stakeholders committee, NGOs, CBOs and local people have participated in capacity-building programs, data collection, situation analysis, problems identification, selection of types and locations of treatment technologies and construction and operation of treatment units and reuse projects. Experts, scientists and governmental entities contributed to the development of a treatment technology selection matrix and identification the best technology that suits the study area. The study reveals that the incorporation of input from a broad range of sectors and stakeholders during the project insured cooperative management of the greywater resources and enhanced project quality and ownership.

The SURE-Farm project aims to analyse, assess and improve the resilience and sustainability of farming systems in Europe. Farming systems face a whole range of social, ecological, economic and political disturbances and changes, such as sharp market fluctuations, severe weather events, climate change, new technologies, changes in consumer preferences and in governance structures and so forth, operating at a range of scales (local, regional, national and global). Some stresses on the farm system can be predicted (e.g. retirement of farmers), while other shocks are more uncertain and unpredictable (e.g. flooding, sudden price drop, illness). Project's WP2 aims to comprehensively understand farmers' risk behaviour and risk management (RM) decisions, and to develop and test RM strategies and decision support tools that farmers can use to cope with increasing economic, environmental and social uncertainties and risks. WP2 contributes to the development of RM in EU farming systems by understanding and eliciting farmers' risk perceptions and preferences; learning about farmers' adaptive behaviour; learning capacity and preferred improvements of current RM tools; designing and analysing improved strategies to deal with extreme weather; and co-creating improved RM tools and map-related institutional challenges.

Mistra Biotech is an interdisciplinary research programme focusing on use of biotechnology for sustainable and competitive agriculture and food systems. Our vision is to contribute to the processes that will enable the Swedish agricultural and food sector to producean increased amount of high-quality, healthy food at moderate costs with less input, decreased environmental impacts, and healthier crops and livestock. The goal is sustainable production systems from ecological, social, and economic perspectives. We perform research in both the natural and the social sciences.Our research in the natural sciences is aimed at utilizing the potential of agricultural biotechnology to contribute to more sustainable food production with healthier products and fewer environmental impacts. With ability comes responsibility, and we take the concerns that have been raised about potential negative effects of biotechnology applications on human health and the environment very seriously. For us, safety, control, and transparency are essential regardless of which technology is used. Our research in the social sciences has its focus on the social, economic, and ethical aspects of the use of biotechnology in agricultural production. We study consumer attitudes and behaviours related to the use of agricultural biotechnology for food products and investigate issues related to governance and regulation inthe Swedish agri-food system. Our social research has a strong focus on sustainability issues and on the perspectives of stakeholders in the food production systems. Research at Mistra Biotech is organised into six component projects (CPs). Five of these focus on the following research areas: new plant products, new technologies, ethics, consumer attitudes, and legislations/ markets. The results from these CPs are integrated into the sixth CP that focus on analysis and synthesis.

Telemedicine is an innovative approach that helps alleviate the health disparity in developing countries and improve health service accessibility, affordability, and quality. Few studies have focused on the social and organizational issues involved in telemedicine, despite in-depth studies of and significant improvements in these technologies. This paper used evolutionary game theory to analyze behavioral strategies and their dynamic evolution in the implementation and operation of telemedicine. Further, numerical simulation was carried out to develop management strategies for promoting telemedicine as a new way of delivering health services. The results showed that: (1) When the benefits are greater than the costs, the higher medical institutions (HMIs), primary medical institutions (PMIs), and patients positively promote telemedicine with benign interactions; (2) when the costs are greater than the benefits, the stability strategy of HMIs, PMIs, and patients is, respectively, 'no efforts', 'no efforts', and 'non-acceptance'; and (3) promotion of telemedicine is influenced by the initial probability of the 'HMI efforts', 'PMI efforts', and 'patients' acceptance' strategy chosen by the three stakeholders, telemedicine costs, and the reimbursement ratio of such costs. Based on theoretical analysis, in order to verify the theoretical model, this paper introduces the case study of a telemedicine system integrated with health resources at provincial, municipal, county, and township level in Guizhou. The findings of the case study were consistent with the theoretical analysis. Therefore, the central Chinese government and local governments should pay attention to the running cost of MIs and provide financial support when the costs are greater than the benefits. At the same time, the government should raise awareness of telemedicine and increase participation by all three stakeholders. Lastly, in order to promote telemedicine effectively, it is recommended that telemedicine services are incorporated within the scope of medical insurance and the optimal reimbursement ratio is used.

Agrarian expertise has been employed in the context of Swedish development aid since the 1950s. Throughout this time, the Swedish institutions of higher agrarian education—the Agricultural College, the College of Forestry, and the Veterinary College, in 1977 merged to form the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences—have played important roles. In this dissertation I consider three problems with respect to these institutions' involvement in development aid: (1) How and why did actors at the three colleges begin framing their expertise in a development context? (2) How did Swedish agrarian experts approach the problem of development in contexts about which they had little prior knowledge? (3) How and why did a long-term institutional collaboration evolve between the agrarian institutions of higher learning and the Swedish development aid authorities, and what were its characteristics? The study follows actors and their standpoints through three different aid projects: international courses in animal reproduction at the Veterinary College first planned and held in the mid-1950s; the planning and implementation of the Chilalo Agricultural Development Unit in the 1960s and 1970s; and SLU's support to higher forestry education in Ethiopia in the 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s. It also examines the growth and subsequent decline of a continuous institutional collaboration between the institutions of higher agrarian education and SIDA, the Swedish government agency responsible for development aid. Based on my findings, I argue that the framing of Swedish agrarian expertise as relevant to the developing countries—particularly at the Agricultural College in the 1960s—was part of a broader attempt to widen the scope of agrarian science in Sweden in response to social change at home. At the same time, the development strategies proposed by the Swedish experts were anchored in the particulars of the Swedish agrarian context. This made them attuned to the local adaptation of technologies and to the value of practical knowledge but less sensitive to the societal contexts and social effects of their interventions. Their attempts to bring their knowledge to bear on the developing world also helped create a long-lasting institutionalized relationship between SLU (and the three colleges before it) and the Swedish development aid authorities, through which SLU exercised influence on much of Sweden's agrarian development aid from the mid-1960s to the early 1990s.

The change in regional governance in Sweden is regularly understood in terms of a shift from 'government' to 'governance', from a redistributive policy to a policy that aims to encourage regional innovation, competitiveness and growth. This shift also includes the adoption of global policy models, such as 'clusters'. In the literature on the global spread of policies it has been argued that a market for global policies has developed. This is not least evident through the expansion of global consultancy firms, international policy organisations as well as a cosmopolitan elite of travelling policy technocrats. Theoretically and methodologically this study contributes to scholarly discussions of how new forms of governance can be analysed, and especially how governmentality studies can be utilised and combined with analyses of the messy political practices of specific policies and programs. The study analyses the discursive shift in regional policy in Sweden: contested elements erased, conflicts concealed and the political order produced. By empirically departing from a 'cluster policy network' lodged within a Swedish region, cluster policy is analysed as an assemblage of global circuits of knowledge, expertise and local relations of power. A broad range of materials for analysis have been generated through interviews, participant observations and documents. The production of policy knowledge is an overarching political rationality of contemporary forms of regional governance, translated into technologies such as benchmarking, regional comparisons, competitions, evaluations and best-practice. Based on the empirical analyses it is argued that the lack of power critique and a hyper-rational representation of knowledge produce an international market for legitimacy. It is further argued that five characteristics of the policy regime ('the regional cluster orchestra') contributes to the reproduction of the policy regime, and relations of domination. ; Baksidestext Avhandlingen tar sin utgångspunkt i vad som har beskrivits som en marknad för globala policymodeller. I Sverige har klusterbegreppet, med ursprung i ekonomisk och geografisk teoribildning, fått stort genomslag i regionalpolitiken. I den samtida regionalpolitiken har också produktionen av olika former av policykunskap utvecklats till centrala styrningsteknologier: benchmarking, best practice, utvärderingar, uppföljningar, mätningar och konkurrensutsatta tävlingar om regionala utvecklingsmedel. Genom kunskap och ständigt lärande ska Sveriges regioner frälsas. I avhandlingen studeras den scen där ett regionalt förankrat policynätverk agerar och den kunskap som produceras. Regionalpolitikens rationalitet innebär att det blir centralt för regionerna att agera som enhetliga aktörer och visa upp en lyckad och framgångsrik fasad. Det argumenteras för att bristen på maktanalys, och en hyperrationell syn på kunskap i regionalpolitiken innebär att regionalpolitikens styrningsteknologier producerar en internationell marknad för legitimitet som i sin tur reproducerar ordningen och döljer dominansrelationer.

The grain legume (pulse) faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is grown world-wide as protein source for food and feed, but at the same time faba bean offers ecosystem services such as renewable inputs of nitrogen (N) into crops and soil via biological N2 fixation, and a diversification of cropping systems. Even though the global average grain yield has almost doubled during the past 50 years the total area sown to faba beans has declined by 56% over the same period. The season-to-season fluctuations in grain yield of faba bean and the progressive replacement of traditional farming systems, which utilized legumes to provide N to maintain soil N fertility, with industrialized, largely cereal-based systems that are heavily reliant upon fossil fuels (= N fertilizers, heavy mechanization) are some of the explanations for this decline in importance. Past studies of faba bean in cropping systems have tended to focus on the effect of faba bean as a pre-crop in mainly cereal intensive rotations, whereas similar information on the effect of preceding crops on faba bean is lacking. Faba bean has the highest average reliance on N2 fixation for growth of the major cool season grain legumes. As a consequence the N benefit for following crops is often high, and several studies have demonstrated substantial savings (up to 100-200 kg N ha-1) in the amount of N fertilizer required to maximize the yield of crops grown after faba bean. There is, however, a requirement to evaluate the potential risks of losses of N from the plant-soil system associated with faba bean cropping via nitrate leaching or emissions of N2O to the atmosphere as a consequence of the rapid mineralization of N from its N-rich residues. It is important to develop improved preventive measures, such as catch crops, intercropping, or no-till technologies, in order to provide farmers with strategies to minimize any possible undesirable effects on the environment that might result from their inclusion of faba bean in cropping system. This needs to be combined with research that can lead to a reduction in the current extent of yield variability, so that faba bean crop may prove to be a key component of future arable cropping systems where declining supplies and high prices of fossil energy are likely to constrain the affordability and use of fertilizers. This will help address the increasing demand by consumers and governments for agriculture to reduce its impact on the environment and climate through new, more sustainable approaches to food production. The aims of this paper are to review the role of faba bean in global plant production systems, the requirements for optimal faba bean production and to highlight the beneficial effects of faba bean in cropping systems.

Young people's view of nuclear power and democracy since the 1980s: attitude epidemics, path dependencies and technical-political cultural revolution. In the wake of the leftist wave, young people's criticism of the system has diminished, both in terms of criticism of the nuclear-based energy system and of the nature and workings of the political system. Baby-boomers (people born in the 1940s and '50s) in particular have changed their attitude and become less hostile to the establishment. But how did this change in attitudes occur? How has young people's view of technology and democracy changed during the past few decades? Based on data from the SOM Institute gathered between 1987 and 2005, this final report presents the results of one of the two studies conducted in the project "Towards activism or indifference? How Swedish young people view democracy and the environment, science and technology in an international and longitudinal perspective". First a theory and a method are proposed for analyzing what is called in this report "attitude epidemics", referring to the fact that attitudes spread like wildfire or epidemics, leading to what societal researchers call "path dependencies". Then age-versus-generation differences are studied, as well as a large number of other factors, with regard to attitudes to technology, nuclear power and democracy in particular, or the way democracy works in Sweden. Younger people are found to be the most critical of nuclear power, while they are most satisfied with democracy, even though gender, risk perceptions, party affiliation and political positioning are some of the factors that also influence these analyses on the individual level. The "epidemic effect" and path dependencies do not show their strength in these individual analyses, but all the more in the analysis of time series where the computer and IT revolution is found to be very strongly linked to the strong growth in acceptance of nuclear power. Using new communication technologies is somehow associated with a decline in hostility toward technology and nuclear power. But many cause-and-effect relationships in this attitudinal and technical-political "cultural revolution" still remain to be explored. ; I vänstervågens svall har ungdomens systemkritik avklingat, både i bemärkelsen kritik mot det kärnkraftsbaserade energisystemet och mot det politiska systemets väsen och funktionssätt. Främst 1940- och 1950-talisterna har ändrat inställning och blivit mindre systemfientliga. Men hur gick denna förändring i attityder egentligen till? Hur har synen på teknik och demokrati bland ungdomar förändrats senaste årtiondena? Med användning av SOM-institutets data 1987–2005 presenterar denna slutrapport resultat från en av de två delstudierna inom projektet "Mot aktivism eller ointresse? Svenska ungdomars syn på demokrati och teknologi i ett internationellt och longitudinellt perspektiv". Först föreslås teori och metod för att analysera det som i denna rapport kallas "attitydepidemier", att attityder sprider sig lavinartat, och genom dem etablering av vad samhällsforskare kallar "stigberoenden". Därefter studeras ålders- kontra generationsskillnader, liksom ett stort antal andra faktorer, med avseende på attityder till framför allt tekniken kärnkraft och demokrati eller demokratins funktionssätt i Sverige. Yngre visar sig vara de mest kritiska mot kärnkraften men de mest nöjda med demokratin, även om kön, riskuppfattningar, partianhängarskap och politisk positionering är några av de faktorer som också spelar roll i dessa analyser på individnivå. "Epidemieffekten" och stigberoenden visar inte sin styrka i dessa individanalyser, men desto mer i analysen av tidsserier där dator- och IT-revolutionen visar sig mycket starkt förbunden med den starka tillväxten i kärnkraftsacceptans. Att använda nya kommunikationstekniker hänger på något sätt samman med minskning av teknikfientlighet även till kärnkraften. Men många orsakssamband i denna attitydmässiga och teknisk-politiska "kulturrevolution" är fortfarande outforskade. ; "Mot aktivism eller ointresse? Svenska ungdomars syn på demokrati och teknologi i ett internationellt och longitudinellt perspektiv"