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The paper examines support for terrorism in public opinion and the relationship with terrorist attacks. We link the 2007 PEW survey data on justification for suicide terror and opinions in 16 countries of the Middle East. Africa and Asia on nine regional powers, to the NCTC data on international terrorist acts between 2004 and 2008. We find that justification in public opinion for suicide terrorism increases terror attacks on people in countries that are unfavorably regarded. There is a robust positive relationship between the share of the population in a country that at the same time justifies suicide bombings and has an unfavorable opinion of another country, and terrorism originating from the former country. [Copyright Elsevier B.V.]

For the past thirty years Nagorno-Karabakh and seven bordering districts of Azerbaijan were occupied by armed Armenian groups of Nagorno-Karabakh with the support of Armenia. That period was resulted in the destruction of the ecosystem, with flora and fauna steadily disappearing. After liberating the occupied territories Azerbaijan has initiated a number of restorations works to check the situation and restore environmental balance.

This paper deals with the provisions of contemporary international humanitarian law which prohibit "terrorist acts", commonly referred to, simply, as "terrorism".Since the paper is mainly of a descriptive nature, experts in international humanitarian law will learn little that is new. But if it succeeds in highlighting one specific aspect of the well-known obligations and prohibitions set forth in the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols—namely, the absolute and unconditional ban on terrorism—the objective will be attained. A few basic facts will then have been recalled which should make it somewhat easier to tackle the complex questions as to the essence and legal bounds of guerrilla warfare.

The issue of compensation for the damage caused by a terrorist act is relevant and important today, especially in the context of selection of mechanisms or models of compensation. For that reason, domestic and comparative positive legal solutions, case law, and legal literature are analyzed. This paper aims to show that there are several mechanisms of compensation that the legislator can choose and that they are not necessarily mutually exclusive, as well as that the current legal situation in the Republic of Srpska regarding this issue is not satisfactory and that one could consider improving the model provided by Yugoslav Law on Obligations ('ZOO'), which has been adopted by all of the former Yugoslav republics. For quality selection of mechanisms, it is necessary to confront attitudes about the need for a special case of liability for the damage due to a terrorist act, with attitudes about possible other compensation mechanisms outside the rules of tort law (for example,existence of certain funds for reparation, insurance, and alike). The paper uses the dogmatic and normative method, comparative law and sociological method, historical method, and the method of conceptual analysis.

This research reviews the legal framework for protecting the security of cyberspace from terrorist acts, using the following approaches: the legal approach, the descriptive approach, and the analytical approach. This is achieved by gathering knowledge and data on the protection of cybersecurity and analyzing the different tools and methods that terrorist organizations use to implement their cybercrimes. The goal is to find ways to overcome the various challenges that terrorists pose to regional (Arab-wide) and international cybersecurity systems to find mechanisms and solutions to deal with this phenomenon effectively and to reduce its increasing risks to people and the security, stability, and economies of nations. The most significant conclusion that was reached is the need to continue international efforts to strengthen the fight against cyberterrorism and to establish a binding legal treaty in this regard so as to prevent further harm to the safety of the international community.

The aim of this article is to consider, from various theoretical perspectives, the correlations between rationality of terrorism and other key elements that make the phenomenology of terrorism. Starting from the premise that understanding of the aspect of rationality determines the assessment of the risks of terrorism and affects counter-terrorism policy, the author first analyzes the viewpoint of Pavlićević (2015) and the insights of several theoretical sources for the sake of attaining a complete and deeper understanding of these relationships. The author emphasizes the significance of analytical models and points out that in the assessment and risk analysis it is of primary importance to take into account different concepts of terrorist motivations and levels of rationality, as well as the character of the terrorist goals. The author supports the conclusions of researchers that only comprehensive understanding of rationality from different scientific perspectives may generate the basis for building an efficient counter-terrorism strategy. Yet, in understanding the phenomenon of terrorism, it must be noted that the political motive, goals and the instrumental rationality of terrorism remain in the forefront.

The main subject of interest of this paper is the current situation and the trend of international terrorism in the European Union, explained through security analysis of the committed terrorist attacks and their influence on the European security and stability. Also, it will be shown the measures and the activities of the anti and contrary terroristic fight against the risks and the threats from the terrorism as a result of the recent terroristic attacks.Even though on international level there isn't a common definition of the terrorism as a criminal act, the European Union and the Council of Europe through their most important documents set the concept for terrorism which has helped in the process of creating national security systems for fight against the terrorism. This paper will go through the circumstances of terrorist attacks (failed, foiled and completed) in the European Union Member States, as well as the conditions of the criminal acts through analysis of the statistical data about the court proceedings and the verdicts. Key words: terrorism, European Union, conditions, trends

The victimhood of indirect witnesses of terrorist acts, which includes both the audience of the media and the population as a whole, is a complex socio-psychological phenomenon. The reasons victimizations are changes in the system of internal regulation of behavior, namely contradictions between the basic beliefs of people and the real consequences of terrorist acts, which are subjectively perceived as an unexpected, uncertain threat to existence (both objective and subjective), the irreparability of what can happen. Among the indirect witnesses were singled three response styles: slightly negative assessment, partial justification of the perpetrators of a terrorist act, negative emotional assessment with expressed anxiety.
The most significant consequences of the psychological impact of terrorist acts on the media audience and the general population should be considered: the contradiction between the basic ideas of people and the reality demonstrated by the media: the subjective and objective unexpectedness of a terrorist act; incorrigibility of the offense.
Shown, that psychological countermeasures should be based on the information component aimed at preventing inappropriate reactions, especially in the first days after the terrorist act, development and demonstration of optimal algorithms of behavior, prevent recourse to unconscious or subconscious impulses that violate basic illusions existence.
With the presence of drivers that trigger patterns of victim-induced behavior, the media can provoke in the general population a massive loss of social and personal identity, meaning of life, prospects, to form a complex of inferiority, to induce certain adverse behaviors. The most significant consequences of the psychological impact of terrorist acts on the audience of the media and the general population should be considered the contradiction between the basic ideas of people (activate the images of death, destruction, horror of nothingness, which subconsciously everyone has. These "forms of the unspoken" violate three basic illusions of existence: the illusion of one's own immortality, the illusion of justice, the illusion of the hidden meaning of life) and the reality published by the media, which is subjectively perceived as a threat to existence; subjective and objective unexpectedness of a terrorist act; incorrigibility of the committed. Psychological measures to combat victimization should be based on the dominance of the information component of counteraction aimed at preventing dangerous reactions, especially in the first hours after the commission of a terrorist act, the development and demonstration of optimal behavioral algorithms.
Keywords: indirect witnesses, terrorist attack, psychological measures, induced behavior, optimal algorithms

Im aktuellen Diskurs über "Psychopathie", Neuro-Biologie und bildgebende Verfahren spiegeln sich Machtverhältnisse. Schon lange existiert zwischen Forensischer Psychiatrie und Strafjustiz ein funktionales Einverständnis: die meisten schweren Gewalt- und Sexualdelikte werden zwar als Symptom schwerwiegender Persönlichkeitsstörung diagnostiziert. Gleichwohl wird Schuldfähigkeit attestiert. Gefährlichkeitsdiagnostik und -prognostik sollen nun mit Hilfe der Neurobiologie bzw. bildgebender Verfahren effektiviert werden. Unter Einbeziehung der Erkenntnis, dass auch hochgradig sozial-schädliche, jedoch systemkonforme Verhaltensweisen von Manageinnen und Politikern in diesem Sinne symptomatisch sein können ("successful psychopaths"), wird diese Tendenz kritisiert. Mit schlichten Anlage-Umwelt-Theorien, auf denen solche Verfahren beruhen, können Persönlichkeitsstörungen nicht hinreichend erklärt werden. Die komplexen neuro-biologischen Funktionszusammenhänge interagieren im Lebenslängsschnitt prozesshaft mit sozialen Variablen, wie auch durch Erkenntnisse über Neuroplastizität, Gen-Expression und Epigenetik belegt wird. Auch auf frühkindliche Traumatisierung abstellende psychoanalytische Theorien sind zu ätiologisch begrenzt. In jedem Einzelfall ist eine komplexe, interaktionistische, sozio-psychodynamische Prozessanalyse der konkreten Borderline-Störung erforderlich, welche die Dimensionen Individuum - Situation - Gesellschaft umfasst. Es ist schon rein theoretisch und erst recht ermittlungspraktisch sowie forensisch unmöglich, die entsprechende Komplexität durch bildgebende Verfahren der neueren Hirnforschung zu erfassen, daraus Schlüsse für die Schuldfähigkeit zu ziehen oder sie gar prognostisch und präventiv zu wenden.

Abstract
Based on longitudinal research on the media coverage of terrorist attacks, this article suggests a model of how the coverage of these attacks may be conceptualized as a media event and explores the function this serves within society. The main assumption of the model is that journalists change their ritual of news coverage when dealing with exceptional terrorist attacks; they abandon their usual normative professional frame that encompasses such activities as critical scrutiny of governmental actions, and assume a national-patriotic coverage frame that seeks to reestablish normality and restore order. The model can be useful in clarifying the media's role following terror event. While media run the risk of reinforcing the terror event by giving it the public stage its perpetrators seek, by acting as patriots and not as professionals, journalists subvert the message of the terrorists, so that instead of passing on a message of terror, dread, and alarm, the media give the attacked country and society a message of solidarity, partnership, and stubborn endurance against the terrorist threat. The model may also be useful for understanding media coverage of other crisis situations apart from massive terror attacks.

Former British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher once said that publicity is the oxygen of terrorism. It is our position that mass-mediated terrorism, white supremacy, and doctrines of racial superiority that justify discrimination, segregation, domination, and even extermination of persons of color should be deprived of the oxygen of publicity. At the same time, we believe that analysis, discussion, confrontation, and condemnation of terrorism and hateful ideologies is painful but necessary. The hate speech and radical ideologies of today's web-based terrorists reach far beyond traditional means of communication. The purpose of this paper is to use Kenneth Burke's pentad to analyze acts of domestic terrorism while removing the names of the perpetrators — the oxygen of terrorism in the Internet Age. We begin our analysis of three recent acts of domestic terrorism with a short analysis of The Turner Diaries, written by William Pierce under the pseudonym Andrew Macdonald, as a critical exemplary narrative that continues to drive hate speech, radicalization, and physical violence.