Suchergebnisse

The article is devoted revolutionaries narodovolets, was serving a sentence in the territory of modern Kuzbass in 1870 – 1880. The author found that the territory of modern Kuzbass exiled more twenty exiles of the narodovolets. Most of them were in the city ofMariinsk. Exiled narodovolets had a rich political past, participated in various secret societies, including the «Land and Freedom», engaged in propaganda of their ideas, involved in going to the people. At the Mariinsky they tried to stick together, some of them were married in exile. They liaise with the political exiles who are in other regions ofSiberia. The activities of the People exiles helped to increase the political activity of the local population of Kuzbass. ; Статья посвящена революционерам народовольцам, отбывавшим наказание на территории современного Кузбасса в 1870 – 1880-х гг. Автором установлено, что на территории современного Кузбасса отбывали ссылку более двух десятков ссыльных народовольцев. Большинство из них находились в городе Мариинск. Ссыльные народовольцы имели богатое политическое прошлое, участвовали в различных тайных обществах, в том числе в «Земле и воле», занимались пропагандой своих идей, участвовали в хождении в народ. В Мариинске они старались держаться вместе, некоторые из них заключили браки в ссылке. Они поддерживали связи с политическими ссыльными, находящимися в других регионах Сибири. Деятельность ссыльных народовольцев способствовала повышению политической активности местного населения Кузбасса.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the activities of Dragan Tsankov as the head of the government of the Bulgarian Principality in 1880. Based on archival materials from the scientific archive of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, the Bulgarian Historical Archive at the National Library named after St. Cyril and Methodius, as well as the press of the period under review and the works of modern Bulgarian and Ukrainian researchers, identified the tasks that D. Tsankov set for the ministries, the main stages of the implementation of government and party goals, as well as foreign policy guidelines. Also the author touches on the issue of disagreements between the leaders of the Liberal Party and the internal party contradictions. The author comes to the conclusion that a homogeneous liberal government led by D. Tsankov in a fairly short time prepared and passed through the National Assembly a several important bills aimed primarily at financially and economically stabilizing the state. He was a supporter of a system of broad self-government as a guarantee of the Constitution and national freedom, and also proceeded from the needs and interests of the state and the Bulgarian people. However, part of the election promises were not fulfilled, in particular, the land issue was not completely resolved. Decline in authority, disagreement between party members and strained relations with the prince became significant reasons for the collapse of D. Tsankov's cabinet. However, this stage in the life brought D. Tsankov invaluable experience in public administration, which was an opportunity to popularize his political principles, find like-minded people and, in the future, gain a foothold as a separate political force from the Liberal and Conservative parties. ; Статья посвящена анализу деятельности Драгана Цанкова в качестве главы правительства Болгарского княжества в 1880 г. На основе архивных материалов научного архива Болгарской академии наук (НА–БАН), Болгарского исторического архива при Национальной библиотеке им. св. Кирилла и Мефодия (БИА–НБКМ), а также прессе рассматриваемого периода, работ современных болгарских и украинских исследователей были определены задачи, которые Д. Цанков ставил перед министерствами, основные этапы реализации правительственных и партийных целей, а также внешнеполитические ориентиры. Кроме того, автор затрагивает тему разногласий между лидерами Либеральной партии и внутрипартийных противоречий. Автор приходит к выводу, что гомогенное либеральное правительство во главе с Д. Цанковым за достаточно короткое время подготовило и провело через Народное собрание ряд важных законопроектов, направленных, прежде всего, на финансово-экономическую стабилизацию государства. Он был сторонником системы широкого самоуправления, как гарантии Конституции и национальной свободы, а также исходил из потребностей и интересов государства и болгар. Однако часть предвыборных обещаний не была выполнена, в частности, не до конца был решен земельный вопрос. Снижение авторитета, разногласия между однопартийцами и натянутые отношения с князем стали весомыми причинами краха кабинета Д. Цанкова. Однако данный этап в жизни принес политику бесценный опыт государственного управления, что явилось возможностью популяризировать свои политические принципы, найти единомышленников и в будущем – закрепиться в качестве отдельной от Либеральной и Консервативной партий политической силы.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the activities of Dragan Tsankov as the head of the government of the Bulgarian Principality in 1880. Based on archival materials from the scientific archive of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, the Bulgarian Historical Archive at the National Library named after St. Cyril and Methodius, as well as the press of the period under review and the works of modern Bulgarian and Ukrainian researchers, identified the tasks that D. Tsankov set for the ministries, the main stages of the implementation of government and party goals, as well as foreign policy guidelines. Also the author touches on the issue of disagreements between the leaders of the Liberal Party and the internal party contradictions. The author comes to the conclusion that a homogeneous liberal government led by D. Tsankov in a fairly short time prepared and passed through the National Assembly a several important bills aimed primarily at financially and economically stabilizing the state. He was a supporter of a system of broad self-government as a guarantee of the Constitution and national freedom, and also proceeded from the needs and interests of the state and the Bulgarian people. However, part of the election promises were not fulfilled, in particular, the land issue was not completely resolved. Decline in authority, disagreement between party members and strained relations with the prince became significant reasons for the collapse of D. Tsankov's cabinet. However, this stage in the life brought D. Tsankov invaluable experience in public administration, which was an opportunity to popularize his political principles, find like-minded people and, in the future, gain a foothold as a separate political force from the Liberal and Conservative parties. ; Статья посвящена анализу деятельности Драгана Цанкова в качестве главы правительства Болгарского княжества в 1880 г. На основе архивных материалов научного архива Болгарской академии наук (НА–БАН), Болгарского исторического архива при Национальной библиотеке им. св. Кирилла и Мефодия (БИА–НБКМ), а также прессе рассматриваемого периода, работ современных болгарских и украинских исследователей были определены задачи, которые Д. Цанков ставил перед министерствами, основные этапы реализации правительственных и партийных целей, а также внешнеполитические ориентиры. Кроме того, автор затрагивает тему разногласий между лидерами Либеральной партии и внутрипартийных противоречий. Автор приходит к выводу, что гомогенное либеральное правительство во главе с Д. Цанковым за достаточно короткое время подготовило и провело через Народное собрание ряд важных законопроектов, направленных, прежде всего, на финансово-экономическую стабилизацию государства. Он был сторонником системы широкого самоуправления, как гарантии Конституции и национальной свободы, а также исходил из потребностей и интересов государства и болгар. Однако часть предвыборных обещаний не была выполнена, в частности, не до конца был решен земельный вопрос. Снижение авторитета, разногласия между однопартийцами и натянутые отношения с князем стали весомыми причинами краха кабинета Д. Цанкова. Однако данный этап в жизни принес политику бесценный опыт государственного управления, что явилось возможностью популяризировать свои политические принципы, найти единомышленников и в будущем – закрепиться в качестве отдельной от Либеральной и Консервативной партий политической силы.

Questa ricerca propone una genealogia del moderno regime di governo della mobilità del lavoro in Francia e nelle sua colonie nel XIX secolo. Governare la mobilità non implica l'esercizio di un potere semplicemente coercitivo, bensì la presenza di un certo margine di libertà, necessaria a canalizzare e orientare la circolazione degli individui. Più precisamente, la tesi analizza la storia dei libretti operai in quanto rivelatori amministrativi delle tensioni che presiedono alla configurazione, crisi e riformulazione del contrattualismo civile classico in Francia. Questa tecnologia di identificazione permette inoltre di rintracciare la genesi globale delle nozioni storiche di lavoro libero, schiavitù e domesticità, seguendo la loro evoluzione attraverso le politiche della mobilità dopo l'abolizione della schiavitù. Gli ultimi capitoli studiano la nascita dello Stato Provvidenza e di nuove forme di identificazione, come l'antropometria e le impronte digitali, in quanto riconfigurazioni storiche della domanda che attraversa la nostra ricerca: come controllare la forza-lavoro senza introdurre una coercizione illegittima sui corpi che ne sono portatori? La genealogia del regime di mobilità mostra la paradossale necessità del liberalismo di riformularsi ciclicamente come progetto universale (nella generalizzazione della persona giuridica) per poter organizzare gerarchie al suo interno (moltiplicando gli statuti attraverso i quali l'accesso all'uso della libertà viene filtrato). A partire da questa co-implicazione è possibile ripensare il rapporto tra sovranità, Stato e mercato mondiale. ; In this research, we genealogically trace the emergence of modern rationality in the government of the mobility of labor in France and its colonies in the XIX century. Governing mobility does not imply a purely coercive power, but rather a certain degree of freedom, necessary to channel and orient the circulation of individuals. More precisely, this PhD thesis analyses the history of the livret ouvrier as administrative markers of the tensions characterizing the configuration, the crisis, and the reformulation of classic civil contract in France. This technology of identification also allows us to trace the global genesis of the historical notions of free labor, slavery, and domesticity, following their evolution through the politics of mobility after the abolition of slavery. The last chapters survey the birth of the welfare state and of new forms of identification, such as anthropometry and fingerprinting, as historical reconfigurations of the underlying question of our investigation: how to control labor power without introducing an illegitimate coercion on the bodies carrying it? The genealogy of mobility regime shows the paradoxical necessity of liberalism to periodically reformulate a universal project (the generalization of the juridical person) in order to organize internal hierarchies (by multiplying the statutes through which the effective access to freedom is filtered). Through the lens of this co-implication we can rethink the relationship between sovereignty, State and world market. ; Cette recherche vise à tracer une généalogie des rationalités de gouvernement et d'identification de la mobilité du travail dans la France métropolitaine et coloniale du XIXème siècle. Gouverner la mobilité ne comporte pas un pouvoir simplement coercitif, mais plutôt un certain degré de liberté nécessaire à canaliser et orienter la circulation des individus. Plus précisément, la thèse analyse l'histoire du livret ouvrier en tant que révélateur administratif des tensions qui accompagnent la configuration, la crise et la reformulation du contrat civil classique en France. Par cette technologie d'identification on retrace aussi la genèse globale des notions historiques de travail libre, esclavage et domesticité, dont on suive les métamorphoses à la lumière des politiques de la mobilité après l'abolition de l'esclavage. Les derniers chapitres considèrent la naissance de l'Etat Providence et des nouvelles pratiques d'identification, telles que l'anthropométrie et les empreintes digitales, en tant que reformulations historiques du problème à la base de notre recherche : comment contrôler la force de travail sans insérer une coercition illégitime sur les corps qui en sont les porteurs? La généalogie du régime de mobilité montre la nécessité paradoxale du libéralisme de cycliquement relancer un projet universel (la généralisation de la personne juridique) afin de pouvoir définir des hiérarchies en son sein (multipliant les statuts par lesquelles l'accès à l'usage de la liberté est filtré). A partir de cette co-implication on peut repenser le rapport entre souveraineté, Etat et marché mondial.

Unter den Genre-Konzepten der Liebe, die sich in der russischen Poesie des 18. Jahrhunderts entwickelt haben (erotiko-politischer Mythos über die Liebesbeziehungen der Herrscher – epithalamische Ode; Triumph des Körpers und der Physiologie – priapische Ode; Hedonismus – anakreontische Ode), nimmt die historiosophische Ode einen besonderen Platz ein. Einer der Vertreter dieses Genres – "Das Reich der universellen Liebe" von S. S. Bobrow – versucht es, Eros und Geschichte zu verbinden. Ideen des Dichters-Freimaurers Bobrow über den Ursprung der Liebe gehen auf Mythen verschiedener Genese zurück. Eine andere Idee von Bobrov war, dass Liebe Licht und Harmonie in die unbelebte Natur bringt, während die lebendige Natur in seiner Gänze dem Gesetz der Liebe – einem Gesetz der Fortsetzung des Lebens untergeordnet ist. Letzten Endes erscheint die Liebe als harmonisierender kosmischer Kraft in Bobrows historiosophischer Ode. ; Among the genre concepts of Love formed in the poetry of the 18th century (erotic-political myth about the love of monarchs in an epithalamic ode; triumph of flesh and physiology in priapic ode; hedonism in anacreontic ode) aspecial place is occupied by the concept of historiosophical ode. In one of the works of this genre – «The Kingdom of Total Love» by S. S. Bobrov – an attempt was made to combine Eros and History. The ideas of Bobrov, a freemason poet, about the origin of Love go back to the myths of various genesis. Another idea was that Love brings light and harmony to non-living nature, and living nature is completely submitted to the Law of Love – the Law of the continuation of Life. In general, Love appears in Bobrov's historiosophical ode as a harmonizing cosmic force. ; Среди сформировавшихся в поэзии XVIII века жанровых концепций любви (эротико-политический миф о любви монархов в эпиталамической оде; торжество плоти и физиологии в приапической оде; гедонизм в анакреонтической оде) особое место занимает концепция историософской оды. В одном из произведений этого жанра – «Царстве всеобщей любви» С. С. Боброва – предпринята попытка соединить Эрос и Историю. Идеи Боброва, поэта-масона, о происхождении любви восходят к мифам разного генезиса. Другой бобровской идеей была та, что любовь вносит в неживую природу свет и гармонию, а природа живая целиком и полностью подчинена закону любви – закону продолжения жизни. В целом любовь предстает в историософской оде Боброва как гармонизирующая космическая сила.

Utilizzando fonti della più diversa tipologia (liturgiche, agiografiche, storiche, letterarie, archeologiche ed epigrafiche), lo studio condotto sulla Passio s. Prisci e sulla Vita s. Castrensis, entrambe con ogni probabilità composte da monaci benedettini a Capua tra X e XI secolo, si concentra innanzitutto sulle vicende che in quell'arco di tempo resero possibile la permanenza delle comunità di Montecassino e di S. Vincenzo al Volturno nel centro campano e sul riflesso che la loro presenza ebbe sulla vita politica e culturale della città. La Passio s. Prisci acquista una valenza non solo religiosa ma anche politica se messa in relazione con la quasi contemporanea istituzione della metropolia capuana; la Vita s. Castrensis, per la netta prevalenza dell'elemento fantastico e soprannaturale che la caratterizza, appare meno legata alle contingenze storico-politiche e più vicina ai topoi della tradizione agiografica e popolare. I capitoli centrali della tesi sono dedicati alla figura di Quodvultdeus, vescovo cartaginese esiliato dai Vandali nel V secolo, la cui vicenda, narrata da Vittore di Vita nell'Historia persecutionis africanae provinciae ha funto da modello per le agigrafie campane. La ricerca prende dunque in considerazione le fonti letterarie, i ritrovamenti archeologici e le testimonianze epigrafiche che confermerebbero la testimonianza di Vittore, riflettendo inoltre sui rapporti di natura commerciale che nel V secolo intercorsero tra Africa e Campania e sul forte legame esistente, già a partire dal secolo precedente, tra le Chiese delle due regioni, fattori che potrebbero aver facilitato l'arrivo degli esuli cartaginesi a Napoli. L'ultima parte del lavoro è volta a rintracciare le ragioni storiche e letterarie che possono aver spinto gli autori dei testi a trasformare due santi di sicura origine campana in vescovi africani venuti dal mare, favorendo la diffusione del topos nell'agiografia campana medievale. ; This research project examines the Passio s. Prisci and the Vita s. Castrensis, two agiographic works written most probably in a benedictine monastry in Capua between the X and the XI century. Taking into consideration various types of documents, this thesis attempts to investigate the historical context in which these two texts where compiled. The first part of the paper especially concentrates on the events that made possible the presence of the monks of Montecassino and S. Volturno in Capua at the end of IX and most of the X century, reflecting on the influence they had on political and cultural life in the town. The Passio s. Prisci could acquire a religious and political value if it were connected with the institution of the new archiepiscopal seat of Capua, that was founded between 965-966 d.c. The redaction Vita s. Castrensis, on the other hand, appears to have been less influenced by historical and political events and much more connected to the topoi of the hagiographic and popular tradition. The paper also concentrates on the figure of Quodvultdeus, bishop of Carthage exiled by Vandals around 439 d.c. His story is told by Victor of Vita in the Historia Persecutionis Africanae Provinciae, work that was the role model for the Passio s. Prisci and the Vita s. Castrensis. This research examines the possible reasons that could have facilitated the arrive of Quodvultdeus and of other exiles from Carthage to Naples in the V century, evaluating also the literary sources and the archeological data that could prove this. The last part of the work reflects on the historical and literary causes by which Prisco and Castrese, two saints from the region of Campania, have been transformed by their hagiographers in two African bishops that arrived from the sea.

В статье рассматриваются различные периоды в исследовании творчества С. Есенина китайскими литературоведами и лингвистами. Стихотворения великого русского поэта широко известны не только в России, но и в других странах, включая Китай. Лирика С. Есенина была признана символом свободы и бунта, что предопределило рост интереса к ней в Китае в 20–30-е годы XX столетия. В китайском есениноведении доцент Цю Цзинцзюань различает два периода [4]. Однако для более детального воссоздания истории исследовательских обращений к стихам поэта представляется необходимым выделить четыре этапа: изучение творчества С. Есенина в китайской среде началось с 1921 года (1 этап), в 1950–1970-е гг. наметилась стагнация научного интереса к наследию поэта (2 этап), который снова усилился в 1980-е годы (3 этап) и продолжил укрепляться с 1990-х годов по настоящее время (4 этап). Материалом исследования послужили научные работы китайских филологов, занимающихся изучением творчества С. Есенина. В работе нашли применение методы систематизации, обобщения, языкового анализа, описания, сопоставления, критического анализа. Установлено, что на современном этапе китайские исследователи высоко оценивают творчество С. Есенина. В целом в Китае довольно много научных работ, посвященных С. Есенину и его творчеству, что свидетельствует о значительной популярности его поэзии и его влиянии на китайскую культуру и литературу. Данная тенденция продолжает развиваться. Лирика С. Есенина вдохновляет новое поколение китайских поэтов.
The article examines various periods in the research of S. Yesenin's creativity by Chinese literary scholars and linguists. The poems of the great Russian poet are widely known not only in Russia, but also in other countries, including China. S. Yesenin's poetry was recognized as a symbol of freedom and rebellion, which predetermined the growth of interest to it in China in 1920-1930. Associate Professor Qiu Jingjuan distinguishes two periods in Chinese Esenin studies [4]. However, for a more detailed reconstruction of the history of research references to the poet's poems it seems necessary to distinguish four stages: the study of S. Esenin's work in the Chinese environment began in 1921 (stage 1), in the 1950s-1970s there was a stagnation of scientific interest in the poet's heritage (stage 2), which again intensified in the 1980s (stage 3) and continued to strengthen from the 1990s to the present (stage 4). The research material was the scientific works of Chinese philologists engaged in the study of S. Yesenin's creative work. The following methods were used in the work: systematization, generalization, language analysis, description, comparison, critical analysis. It has been established that at the present stage Chinese researchers highly appreciate the work of S. Yesenin. In general, in China there are a lot of scientific works devoted to S. Yesenin and his work, which indicates the significant popularity of his poetry and his influence on Chinese culture and literature. This trend continues to develop. The lyrics of S. Yesenin inspire a new generation of Chinese poets.

В статье рассматриваются различные периоды в исследовании творчества С. Есенина китайскими литературоведами и лингвистами. Стихотворения великого русского поэта широко известны не только в России, но и в других странах, включая Китай. Лирика С. Есенина была признана символом свободы и бунта, что предопределило рост интереса к ней в Китае в 20–30-е годы XX столетия. В китайском есениноведении доцент Цю Цзинцзюань различает два периода [4]. Однако для более детального воссоздания истории исследовательских обращений к стихам поэта представляется необходимым выделить четыре этапа: изучение творчества С. Есенина в китайской среде началось с 1921 года (1 этап), в 1950–1970-е гг. наметилась стагнация научного интереса к наследию поэта (2 этап), который снова усилился в 1980-е годы (3 этап) и продолжил укрепляться с 1990-х годов по настоящее время (4 этап). Материалом исследования послужили научные работы китайских филологов, занимающихся изучением творчества С. Есенина. В работе нашли применение методы систематизации, обобщения, языкового анализа, описания, сопоставления, критического анализа. Установлено, что на современном этапе китайские исследователи высоко оценивают творчество С. Есенина. В целом в Китае довольно много научных работ, посвященных С. Есенину и его творчеству, что свидетельствует о значительной популярности его поэзии и его влиянии на китайскую культуру и литературу. Данная тенденция продолжает развиваться. Лирика С. Есенина вдохновляет новое поколение китайских поэтов.
The article examines various periods in the research of S. Yesenin's creativity by Chinese literary scholars and linguists. The poems of the great Russian poet are widely known not only in Russia, but also in other countries, including China. S. Yesenin's poetry was recognized as a symbol of freedom and rebellion, which predetermined the growth of interest to it in China in 1920-1930. Associate Professor Qiu Jingjuan distinguishes two periods in Chinese Esenin studies [4]. However, for a more detailed reconstruction of the history of research references to the poet's poems it seems necessary to distinguish four stages: the study of S. Esenin's work in the Chinese environment began in 1921 (stage 1), in the 1950s-1970s there was a stagnation of scientific interest in the poet's heritage (stage 2), which again intensified in the 1980s (stage 3) and continued to strengthen from the 1990s to the present (stage 4). The research material was the scientific works of Chinese philologists engaged in the study of S. Yesenin's creative work. The following methods were used in the work: systematization, generalization, language analysis, description, comparison, critical analysis. It has been established that at the present stage Chinese researchers highly appreciate the work of S. Yesenin. In general, in China there are a lot of scientific works devoted to S. Yesenin and his work, which indicates the significant popularity of his poetry and his influence on Chinese culture and literature. This trend continues to develop. The lyrics of S. Yesenin inspire a new generation of Chinese poets.

In 1237, the churches of S. Romerio in Brusio and S. Perpetua in Tirano, with their hospital, were united into a single entity, which inherited goods and rights of both. The notary Ruggero Beccaria played a leading role in the management of this delicate transition, both from an institutional point of view and in terms of the documentation. he drew up a cartulary (1244) and an inventory of assets (1255, published in the appendix to this contribution), as well as more than seventy loose documents. This essay investigates whether and to what extent Ruggero's writings, with their particular graphic and conceptual forms, were able to represent the mountain landscape and the relationship with it. Their analysis revealed a sensitive lexical specialisation and a particularly accurate use of linguistic structures for the precise identification of spaces. Moreover, thanks to the skilful use of deixis, the relationship of people with space is always clearly identified and socially defined. In this perspective, Ruggero knew how to use the landscape in a way that was integral to his own objectives of constructing forms of representation, being able to connect places, institutions, actions and strategies of power. Notarial forms were distorted by narrative practices, thereby generating uniquely political representations. ; Nel 1237, le chiese di San Romerio di Brusio e di Santa Perpetua di Tirano, con il loro ospedale, furono riunite in un solo soggetto, cui pervennero beni e diritti di entrambi gli istituti. Il notaio Ruggero Beccaria fu il protagonista nella gestione di quel delicato passaggio, sia dal punto di vista istituzionale sia per la relativa scritturazione. Egli redasse tre quaterni di cartulario (1244) e un inventario di beni (1255, edito in appendice a questo contributo), oltre a più di settanta documenti sciolti. Il saggio indaga se e quanto le scritture redatte da Ruggero, con le loro formalizzazioni in strutture grafiche e concettuali, fossero in grado di rappresentare il paesaggio montano e la relazione con esso. La loro analisi ha evidenziato una specializzazione lessicale sensibile e un uso di strutture linguistiche particolarmente accurato per l'identificazione precisa degli spazi. Inoltre, grazie all'uso sapiente della deissi, la relazione degli uomini con lo spazio risulta sempre chiaramente individuata e socialmente definita. In questa prospettiva, Ruggero seppe usare il paesaggio in modo solidale ai propri obiettivi di costruzione di forme di rappresentazione, ponendo in relazione luoghi, istituzioni, azioni, strategie di potere. Le forme notarili, allora, si contaminavano con prassi narrative, generando così rappresentazioni squisitamente politiche.

This article sets out to study the professors' community in the Red Professorate Institute in regards to the community's homogeneity and its didactic potential. Based on statistical and autobiographical documents deposited in the State archive of the Russian Federation, the author comes to the conclusion that the Institute did not succeed in crystallizing the cadres of a new type of Soviet professorship, due to their being no common features between its members: neither on the level of education and qualification characteristics, nor in the social homogeneity, nor in their political loyalty. The community was bright, polyphonic, heterogeneous, mobile, variable, sometimes responding to encouraging requests from the authorities (such as, for example, party membership), and sometimes ignoring them. In the socio-demographic aspect, the Institute of Red Professors did not completely become an ideological institution, how it was planned by Soviet government (although it was secured in curricula and programs of the disciplines). It was one of the places where the intelligentsia worked, where their knowledge and skills, often acquired even before 1917, were in demand.

The author describes the use of a block diagram for creative problem solving of S. Malkin, considers the techniques of adapted theory of creative problem solving, based on the algorithm of inventive problem solving (ARIZ),simplifies the algorithms for solving creative problems, which absorbed the basic steps of ARIZ.

Vl. Solovyov wrote extensively about love in his romantic and mystical poetry, in his correspondence and in his memoirs. He composed a whole book about love («The Meaning of Love», 1892-1894). The present paper is about the theme of love in Solovyov's moral philosophy as expounded in his «Justification of the Good» (1897). Love in the framework of society is legitimised in marriage, both religious and civil. Solovyov sees in marriage and family a positive consequence of the development of statehood. The problem is that he considered for a long time that the sexual act is unable to restore the lost integrity of the human being. Only chastity can. To get out of the difficulty, Solovyov invokes an «inner» (spiritual?) procreation different from an «outer» procreation. But it does not make things clearer. It seems that, in the last year of his life, Solovyov abandoned that spiritual maximalism, as is proved a contrario by the character of the Prince in «Three Conversations», who is both a celibate spiritualist and a precursor of the Antichrist.