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Unpublished data from the CPS were used to compare the rates of change in women's employment and female representation in craft occupations during periods of growth and recession in the 1970s and 1980s. Separate rates of change were computed for white and black women. Contrary to the expectations of "reserve army" or "buffer' theories, integration of elite blue-collar occupations continued despite economic downturn and the erosion of state support for affirmative action and nontraditional training. In fact, during the recession of the early 1980s, the pace of integration increased for both white and black women. Nevertheless, there was evidence of segmentation of women by race within skilled blue-collar work.

BRITAIN HAS BEEN ACTIVELY TRYING TO ALTER THE BUDGETary arrangements of the European Communities in order to reduce the size of its net contributions since the Labour government of Harold Wilson succeeded Edward Heath's Conservative government in February 1974. This effort has been based upon the perception that Britain's net contribution to the budget – the balance of gross contributions and receipts – was excessive compared with that of its partners. Britain has been the largest net contributor, yet has a per capita gross national product which places it with the less prosperous member states.

Based on a section of his forthcoming book entitled, "The limits of integration in the European Communities."

This paper discusses industrial and economic adjustment in France in the 1980s. Itargues that French industry followed a path of adjustment throughout the decade,which was fundamentally different from both the German-Japanese style organisedcapitalism, and the US-UK type of deregulated capitalism. The analysis attributesthis to the structure and integration of the French political, financial andadministrative élite. Combining historical institutional analysis and insights from thenew economics of organisation, the paper also elaborates elements of amethodological alternative to traditional neo-classical and institutionalist arguments. ; Diese Arbeit analysiert den Wirtschaftswandel in Frankreich in den 80er Jahren. Die Autoren argumentieren, daß die Industrie in Frankreich in dieser Dekade einem Anpassungspfad folgte, der sich sowohl von dem organisierten Kapitalismus nach deutsch-japanischem Muster als auch von dem des deregulierten angelsächsischen Kapitalismus grundsätzlich unterscheidet. Die Analyse kommt zu dem Schluß, daß dies auf die Funktion und die Rolle der politischen, ökonomischen und administrativen Eliten in Frankreich zurückzuführen ist. Durch die Verknüpfung von Argumenten des historischen Institutionalismus und der neuen Organisationsökonmie werden in diesem Papier auch Elemente einer methodologischen Alternative zu den traditionellen neoklassischen und institutionalistischen Ansätzen bearbeitet.