Suchergebnisse

This article brings forward an overview of the Romanian-URSS co-productions, in an attempt to explain how film functioned as an instrument of cultural diplomacy between the two countries and between the East and the West. While Romania has been involved in numerous cultural exchanges and in many other forms of cinematographic collaboration with the Soviet Union, this analysis focuses only on the films whose artistic responsibility had been entrusted to a Romanian filmmaker. Five films were thus identified, including a war film made in the 1960s and four musicals and/or films for children and youth made during the 1970s and 1980s. The fact that all of them put music more or less in the foreground appears as no coincidence. This option responded to a strategy oriented towards the Western public, and towards celebrating a Romanian-Soviet friendship cleansed of political tensions. Nevertheless, in a cinematography where politicized films were the main priority, such co-productions played a significant role in the shaping of a popular culture and of a cinema of entertainment.

Far from suddenly appearing in the 1980s, the French "style" of the European Commission is in fact the result of early investments made by French national civil servants when seconded to Brussels. Arriving in 1958 at a time of great incertitude and when they were marginalized within their own country, these civil servants strongly influenced the community-level administration, its practices in general and its relationship to politics in particular. If this investment was for many years resisted by members of Galullist governments responsible for European policy, it laid the groundwork for a more legitimate generation of civl servants, led by Jacques Delors, to push for this style of administration within the Commission. If the institutional and ideological positions observed are marked by great stability, it is the rise in social and professional profiles of seconded officials which provides explanations for the change observed in the 1985-90 period, a change which also necessitates the adaptation of the concept of path dependency.

How Francois Truffaut was understood in Japan : the double influence of the Japanese culture and of the film director's strategy
The terms conformism and moderation have often been applied to François Truffaut's work by French critics. Yet, if we take into account the numerous reactions of foreign audiences to Truffaut's films, we realize how complex and original his cinema is.
It is particularly true in the way he was understood in Japan. This text examines the origins of the cultural reconstruction of his work by Japanese critics. It proposes to show how Truffaut's work, while relying on cultural specificities (an interpretation in the light of the Nö Theatre, for instance) imposes its own referential myth as the films go by.
The example of the theme of the love relation shows well how the Japanese critics raise Truffaut's own style to the status of a reference. Truffaut's cinema plays with the audiences'expectations in the end and it is both reassuring and disturbing.

Far from suddenly appearing in the 1980s, the French "style" of the European Commission is in fact the result of early investments made by French national civil servants when seconded to Brussels. Arriving in 1958 at a time of great incertitude & when they were marginalized within their own country, these civil servants strongly influenced the community-level administration, its practices in general & its relationship to politics in particular. If this investment was for many years resisted by members of Gaullist governments responsible for European policy, it laid the groundwork for a more legitimate generation of civil servants, led by Jacques Delors, to push for this style of administration within the Commission. If the institutional & ideological positions observed are marked by great stability, it is the rise in social & professional profiles of seconded officials which provides explanations for the change observed in the 1985-90 period, a change which also necessitates the adaptation of the concept of path dependency. 36 References. Adapted from the source document.

West Indians in the Netherlands : prospects of return
Willem KOOT
This paper aims at assessing whether the return migration policy of the Netherlands is likely to be successful or not, in view of the socio-economic and cultural characteristics of the West Indian migrants, whether they are living in the Netherlands or have returned to their home countries.
First, the context of the out-migration is described, especially the push factors which prevailed in the 1970s and 1980s; the returns remained numerous throughout these decades. The sample survey conducted by the author, and the data collected by earlier researchers show that if the desire to return is generally high, it is positively correlated with age and the level of education. Social welfare in the Netherlands is also important. Those who have actually returned belong to the higher social strata of the migrant group; having a job in the West Indies matters much more to them than housing conditions. Psychological factors also interfere. In view of these data, it is concluded that the Netherlands should increase their financial contribution to the System of social welfare in the West Indies and even more so to the economic development of these islands.

ABSTRACT- Presentation of a serie of four documentary films directed by Atahualpa Lichy and produced by the french Foreign Affairs Ministry between 1980 and 1984 for a diffusion through the french cultural centers in South America.
The films stand as a critical review of the latin-american cinema through a confrontation of the film makers and their films. Reciprocical influence between this cinema and the european culture.

This publication describes the evolution of the notion of repatriation which developed in the middle of the nineteenth century, & was later fortified by protections instituted by the nation-state towards its members. While first utilized to aid destitute travelers with their return to France, one century later, this policy had taken on a new meaning: the policy of repatriation was used to aid individuals returning from the newly emancipated colonies. The apogee of this public policy was reached with the return of French people to the metropolis in 1962 at the independence of Algeria. For these individuals, this policy facilitated the recovery of socio-professional status. Adapted from the source document.

This article is about the institutional foundations of the globalization of finance. These institutional foundations are both informal & formal. Until the 1980s the formal rules of the international financial architecture -- most consequentially in the European Union (EU), Organization for Economic Cooperation & Development (OECD), & International Monetary Fund (IMF) -- condoned & privileged capital controls. The EU & OECD adopted new rules obliging members to liberalize capital in the late 1980s. During the middle of the 1990s the IMF debated new rules in favor of capital freedom, but the proposal was defeated. Three policy makers in the EU, OECD, & IMF played decisive roles in formulating these new rules in favor of capital freedom: respectively, Jacques Delors, Henri Chavranski, & Michel Camdessus -- all three French. This is a paradox because the French had done more than any other country to obstruct the creation of new rules in favor of capital mobility for more than three decades. In this article I offer three narratives of the institutional foundations of capital freedom that constitute this French paradox. Then I offer an explanation for the French paradox based on three ideas: the difference between French rule-based globalization & U.S. ad hoc globalization; the organization building imperatives of each episode for the French, particularly in the EU; & the embrace of the market by the French Left in order to alleviate the undesirable distributional consequences of circumvented financial regulation. Adapted from the source document.

Describes the development of the social security system established in France in 1945, the crises of the late 1970s, the process of recognition of social rights as compared with that in Belgium, West Germany, Italy, and Sweden, 1930-85, and other topics; 6 articles. Previously published material; summaries in English p. 737-40. Topics include the influence of the Beveridge Plan of Great Britain on formulation of the French system, British debates on the basis of entitlement to public support, and social security reforms in West Germany in the 1950s.

Taiwan's cinema is very much a reflection of the island's identity, & was for a long time closely linked to the ruling power. Its golden age was the "new wave" of the 1970s, when filmmakers played a role in reviving people's memories, far from the clich6s of official history. Films from this era won awards at major festivals, as well as plaudits from across the globe. Today, young filmmakers want to see renewal, but their efforts at breaking the mold of auteur cinema have yet to bear fruit. The muted response in both Taiwan & China to Ang Lee's latest film, Lust, Caution, which nonetheless won the Golden Lion at the Mostra Venice film festival, is symptomatic of the malaise. It is through other genres -- comedies & documentaries -- that Taiwanese cinema is showing signs of renewal. This is a type of cinema that addresses a generation in thrall to freedom & individualism, capable of shaking the moral values of their elders. Adapted from the source document.

An Immigration Issue in France ?
It is odd that immigration should be an issue of the 1980s since there has been very little of it for over 10 years. France has never wanted to consider herself as open to permanent settlement and the authorities have long kept up the illusion that immigrant labourers are temporary guests who will return abroad. The 1974 immigration ban changed migration patterns ; new arrivais were family members and not labourers. Government policy promoting reunification of immigrant families appeared as a standing refutation of any immigration ban or 'go home bonus'. Then folio wed general misunderstanding of 1981 governmental change and of policy aimed at securing permanent status for illegal aliens and civic integration, ail leading to xenophobic rabble-rousing, which in fact reflects French fears of impending change in the next decade. Thus, immigrants both reveal and shoulder the profound crisis currently affecting French society.

Examines the evolution of labor market conditions in various OECD countries in the 1970s and early 1980s. Summary in English.