Suchergebnisse

The article considers the significance of the commitment of the state and its factors and forces in preventing the perpetrators of terrorism to manifest themselves in a violent way. The author takes as a starting point the fact that terrorist collectivities make great efforts to take their primary victim (state) by surprise. The response of the state should result in the efficient protection from this danger. The author considers subjective and objective limitations the anti-terrorist forces of the state are facing in the protection of the state from the terrorist surprise. This, among other things, results in porosity of the anti-terrorist prevention in some of its aspects. The volume and character of possible detrimental effects on the security of the state for the occasional porosity of the anti-terrorist prevention is treated within a separate chapter.

Violent groups sometimes invest significant resources in social work, notably in the form of charities and NGOs. The present paper models a terrorist group's charities as a means to advertise its cause in order to raise popular support. The analysis explains how different types of organizations arise in equilibrium, depending on government policies. Then, the interaction between a purely terrorist group and an independent local NGO is examined. It is shown that a purely terrorist group always invests in more attacks than an integrated terrorist-charity organization. Furthermore, the latter may have more NGO activity than a separate local NGO. Adapted from the source document.

The main subject of the paper are documents adopted by the United Nations (UN) and Council of Europe (CoE) which constitute the legal framework for the suppression and prevention of terrorism within the Europe and the whole world. Recognizing the significance and complexity of the challenges and threats of terrorism in global security, the UN and CoE have, over decades of effort, sought to build effective and preventively-oriented system of legal mechanisms, which includes a criminal aspects based on respecting the fundamental human rights and freedoms and the rule of law. The need for an effective criminal justice and institutional response to terrorism implied the adoption and implementation of a series of documents aimed at preventing and punishing preparing and committing terrorist activities. In addition to the conventions and protocols which will be analyzed in the paper, within the General Assembly and the Security Council have been adopted a series of resolutions that represent the political stance of the UN member states on the dangers and the need to prevent and counter terrorism as a criminal offense worldwide. Key words: convention, protocol, resolution, terrorism, United Nations, Council of Europe

The aim of this study was to find out more about the role played by sports activities in the prevention of illicit drug abuse. We administered a simple questionnaire to a group of 215 patients with heroin dependency. Their average age was 23 years (SD = 4.3, range 15–42); 163 (76%) of them were males and 52 (24%) females. Another group was formed by 231 student adolescents with a mean age of 15 years (SD = 1.0, range 14–18); 65 (28%) were males and 166 (72%) were females. One hundred and sixty-one (75%) of the heroin users and 169 (69%) of the students took part in regular physical training (at least two times weekly in a sport club) and competitive sports activities until the age of 15. Due to the fact that there was a statistically significant difference in the male/female ratio between the two groups, the comparison of males and females was done separately. There were no statistically significant differences between the males, nor between the females from these two groups in their histories of sports activities until the age of 15. Thirty-one (17%) of the patients started with illicit drug use prior to the termination of their sports activities.

Intro -- PREVENTION OF NUCLEAR SMUGGLING AND TERRORIST TRAVEL: U.S.-FOREIGN PARTNERSHIP EFFORTS -- PREVENTION OF NUCLEAR SMUGGLING AND TERRORIST TRAVEL: U.S.-FOREIGN PARTNERSHIP EFFORTS -- Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1: COMBATING NUCLEAR SMUGGLING: MEGAPORTS INITIATIVE FACES FUNDING AND SUSTAINABILITY CHALLENGES -- WHY GAO DID THIS STUDY -- WHAT GAO RECOMMENDS -- WHAT GAO FOUND -- ABBREVIATIONS -- BACKGROUND -- NNSA PLANS TO COMPLETE 45MEGAPORTS, BUT FUTURE IMPLEMENTATION IS UNCERTAIN BECAUSE OF ADMINISTRATION-PROPOSED BUDGET CUTS -- NNSA Plans to Complete 45 Megaports and Has Spent about 850 Million -- Status of the Megaports Initiative -- The Megaports Initiative Has Implemented a Training and Sustainability Program and Developed New Technology -- Megaports Initiative Expenditures -- Partner Countries' Cost-Sharing Contributions -- Due to Proposed Budget Cuts, NNSA Plans to Shift the Initiative's Focus to Sustainment Rather than ExpansionDue to Proposed Budget Cuts, NNSA Plans to Shift the Initiative's Focus to Sustainment Rather than Expansion -- Interagency Group Has Been Established to Review Megaports Initiative's Future Role -- COUNTRIES CITE BENEFITS OF THE MEGAPORTS INITIATIVE, BUT SEVERAL FACTORS LIMIT ITS EFFECTIVENESS -- Benefits of the Megaports Initiative Cited by Partner Countries -- Several Factors Have Impeded the Initiative's Effectiveness -- Some Partner Countries Not Fully Using Radiation Detection Equipment -- Some Megaports Partner Countries Not Fully Participating in the Initiative -- Management Weaknesses Impede the Initiative's Effectiveness -- NNSA Has Not Finalized a Long-Term Plan for Ensuring the Initiative's Sustainability -- Performance Measures Are Not Sufficient -- Limited Testing and Deployment of Radiation Detection Equipment