Suchergebnisse

Currently, the legislation in the Republic of Latvia is not transparent due to its large amount, duplication and even contradictions. Principles of law-making are the guidelines of drafting legislation; consequently, they must guarantee the quality of law. Each state itself specifies the process and requirements for drafting legislation. The main tasks of the article are to study and describe the principles of law-making stipulated in legal science, to reveal problems of law-making process in the Republic of Latvia and review the place and role of law-making principles in legal systems of other states. After the foreign law-making practice will have been explored to offer improvements in law-making in the Republic of Latvia.

The article is devoted to identify the presence of the relationship between the three adjacent legal phenomena: principles of law, principles of law-making and principles that are fixed in normative legal acts. Comparison of definitions of the terms «principle of law», «principle of law-making» and «principle enshrined in normative legal acts» illustrates their distinction. Some differences can be traced and in the formal list of principles of law, law-making and normative legal acts. It was established that despite some formal differences between these principles, there is meaningful intimacy between them. The proximity of substantial «stuffing» of these principles manifests in three aspects: in the general ideological orientation and the unity of the legal values, which are enshrined in the principles of law; in the unity of form and content of individual principles; in the specific identity of concepts, which outline the contents of the principles that are outlined by different terms (a kind of convergence of the substantive component of the formal differences). The unity of the lofty foundations of principles of law, law-making and normative legal acts became the basis for the sustainable of existence and logical relationship between them and the prerequisite for the formation of the legal principle structure in legal regulation of social relations. Attention is drawn that in the proposed conjunction of the law principles defining value belongs to the fundamental principles of law; at the same time their implementation in the right regulatory reality is carried out using the principles of law-making and principles that are fixed in normative legal acts. The fundamental principles of law (as define) are carried out in the legal norms then become the basis of law-making, law-operating, law enforcement and other activities. Between the principles of law-making and principles of normative legal acts there is a certain kind of parity, because they are inherent to several different aspects of the legal reality – an activity of the creation of normative legal acts and exactly normative legal acts. For legal legalization of the legal principles usage rules in the regulation sphere of social relations is proposed to include a number of novels to the projected legislation of Ukraine about the normative legal acts. ; З'ясовано наявність взаємозв'язку між трьома суміжними правовими явищами: принципами права, принципами правотворчості та принципами, які закріплені у нормативно-правових актах. Встановлено, що попри певні формальні відмінності між переліченими принципами, між ними існує змістовна близькість. Єдність ідейної основи принципів права, правотворчості та нормативно-правових актів стає підставою для наявності сталого логічного взаємозв'язку між ними та передумовою для формування конструкції правового принципу у юридичному регулюванні суспільних відносин. Звернуто увагу, що у запропонованій зв'язці принципів права визначальне значення належить основоположним принципам права; водночас їх імплементація у праворегулятивну реальність відбувається за допомогою принципів правотворчості та принципів, що зафіксовані у нормативно-правових актах.

The European Union has evolved from a purely economic organisation to a multi-faceted entity with political, social and human rights dimensions. This has created an environment in which the concept of solidarity is gaining a more substantial role in shaping the EU legal order. This book provides both a retrospective assessment and an outlook on the future possibilities of solidarity's practical and theoretical meaning and legal enforcement in the ever-changing Union. Solidarity in EU Law examines the less explored topics of the European solidarity debate, such as the practical enforceability of solidaristic obligations in EU law and non-EU investment into the economic services of general interest via 'golden shares', at the same time contributing to the ongoing debates on solidarity in the context of European financial crisis and immigration, asylum and border checks. The expert editors bring these fields together to create a cohesive analysis of the ways in which solidarity is becoming a principle of EU constitutional law rather than merely a philosophical or political concept. Unique and insightful, this book is ideal reading for European law academics and research students. Its exploration of the current laws on solidarity regarding asylum and human rights would also benefit advisors in non-governmental organisations, as well as legal advice professionals working with EU citizens

"EU Law-making in Principle and Practice offers a coherent overview of how particular pieces of EU law are produced and shows how they are adopted, from start to finish, resulting in an account of the process which is of both practical and academic interest. The title presents a holistic view of EU law-making using an adapted policy cycle giving a concise account of the principles and practices involved in policy initiation, legislative decision-making, and delegated and implementing acts, as well as considering EU law-making in the perspective of good governance. The title includes many procedural details, as well as illustrative examples, which are not found in other books"--

Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Preface and acknowledgements -- Table of Contents -- Abbreviations -- Introduction -- 1 History and Overview of the Precautionary Principle -- 1.1 The Concept of the Precautionary Principle -- 1.2 The Nature of a Principle as Compared to a Rule of law -- 1.3 The Precautionary Principle in Operation -- 1.4 Burden of Proof -- 1.5 Precautionary Principle v. Precautionary Approach -- 1.6 Critique of the Precautionary Principle -- 2 Science -- 2.1 Scientific Uncertainties Included -- 2.2 Degree of Scientific Certainty -- 2.3 Threshold Finding -- 2.4 Risk Assessment Methods -- 2.5 Institutional Changes -- 2.6 Conclusions -- 3 Limitations of the Precautionary Principle -- Introduction -- 3.1 Principle of Proportionality -- 3.2 Principle of Sustainable Development -- 3.3 The Law of the Sea Convention -- 4 Pollution of the Marine Environment -- Introduction -- 4.1 International Conferences -- 4.2 Global Agreements -- 4.3 Regional Agreements -- 4.4 UNEP Regional Seas Conventions -- 4.5 Interim Conclusions -- 4.6 International Courts -- 4.7 Municipal Courts -- 4.8 National Laws and the European Community -- 4.9 Conclusions -- 5 Marine Biodiversity -- Introduction -- 5.1 International Conferences -- 5.2 Global Agreements -- 5.3 European Community -- 5.4 National Laws -- 5.5 Conclusions -- 5.6 Unwanted Aquatic Organisms in Ship's Ballast Water -- 6 Precautionary Approach to Dumping and Incineration -- Introduction -- 6.1 International Conferences -- 6.2 Global Agreements -- 6.3 Regional Agreements -- 6.4 National Laws -- 6.5 Conclusions -- 6.6 Disposal of Offshore Installations -- 7 Conservation and Management of Living Marine Resources -- Introduction -- 7.1 Global Agreements -- 7.2 Regional Agreements and IWC -- 7.3 General Assembly Resolutions -- 7.4 Interim Conclusions -- 7.5 Courts and Tribunals.

How should we think about the basic principles that should govern a society?