Suchergebnisse

Com o reconhecimento inquestionável da falência das tentativas de Transição do capitalismo ao socialismo representadas pelo socialismo soviético e pela socialdemocracia européia, para muitos autores foi também definitivamente enterrada a possibilidade de superação do capitalismo. Neste artigo, veremos que não foi assim para outros. É nosso objetivo apresentar alguns elementos fundamentais sobre o significado atual da Transição tanto do ponto de vista da Teoria Democrática, como daTeoria Marxista. A análise aqui desenvolvida fundamenta-se, principalmente, na última obra de István Mészáros – Beyond Capital. Towards a Theory of Transition. ; The definitive death of the attempted Transitions from capitalism to socialismrepresented by Soviet socialism and European social-democracy also brought,for many authors, the burial of any possibility of going beyond capitalism. Inthis article, we will see that this is not the case for other authors. Our objectiveis to present some fundamental aspects of the current meaning of theTransition, from the point of view of Democratic Theory, as well as MarxistTheory. This analysis is based principally on the most recent work by IstvánMészáros, Beyond Capital. Towards a Theory of Transition.

This paper is an introduction on the Causal Theory of Memory, one of the most discussed theories in philosophy of memory in the present days. We begin with Martin & Deutscher's formulation of the theory, in which the authors present three criteria in order for a given mental state to be considered an instance of memory, amongst them, the famous causal criterion, which stipulates that a memory must be causally connected to the past experience. Subsequently, we discuss if these criteria are necessary and sufficient for memory and we present two theories that complement these criteria with an epistemic and a phenomenological criterion, i.e., the Causal Epistemic Theory and the Causal Autonoetic Theory. We then introduce the concept of memory traces, which are, according to Martin & Deutscher, the causal link between the memory and the past experience which created this memory; we present the model of traces as structural analogues and the model of distributed traces and discuss the problems which arise for each of these models of traces. Afterwards we focus on the concept of causality and present the Causal Procedural Theory, which offers a different conception of causality that does not focus on the memory traces, but on causal process itself. Lastly, we present the theory called Discontinuism, a theory about the relation between memory and imagination, which follows directly from the Causal Theory of Memory.

The normative basis of the republican conception of justice is freedom as non-domination. This concept of political freedom comprises social relations in equality of power. Non-domination represents the social condition of not being submissive to the capacity of arbitrary interference of others. Republican freedom presupposes the development of human capabilities in their fullness. The potential for human capacity development must be protected by the legal structure of the State. The State has the function of equating the differences of individuals' assets and resources with their institutional structure. It acts to offer the necessary conditions, rights and basic liberties, to individuals in their social and political life. The Republican perspective of Philip Pettit leads to the normative deduction of republican liberty and to demonstrating that the theory of justice has to presuppose the resources necessary for the development of human life in its condition of equality and freedom. The democratic structuring of society presupposes the establishment of social relations that are characterized by the social status of non-domination.

Parte-se do estado da arte feito por Muniz Sodré (2012a) sobre a abordagem acadêmica do campo comunicacional e a dificuldade para defini-lo em seu aspecto "científico". No intuito de prospectar além dos paradigmas identificados por Sodré (o sociológico, dos efeitos; e o semiótico, dos códigos), propõe-se o paradigma pulsional que orienta a Transformática, teoria psicanalítica da comunicação.

Pretendi demonstrar, neste artigo, que a história oral proporciona conjuntos de procedimentos disponíveis ao pesquisador para o estabelecimento eficaz de um corpus documental. Aspectos teóricos foram ressaltados para uma compreensão da prática em história oral. Não obstante, as experiências no campo de pesquisa reportaram-me às noções de memória coletiva e subjetividade ao longo do texto. Por fim, demonstrei elementos teóricos e metodológicos para a realização de transcriações.

Through this study, we develop a descriptive and comparative analysis of metaphorical sentences which contain verbs with iterative and cursive aspectual meanings. The corpus analyzed in this qualitative and quantitative research has a total of 129 metaphors of Brazilian Portuguese and English. The analysis and description of the data were performed from the Semantic Interaction Theory by Max Black (1993), because it understands and emphasizes that metaphor is a special phenomenon in which the terms that make up the statement interact creating a mental operation, in a view that the language creates reality and ways of thinking (Fossile, 2008a, 2008b, 2008c, 2011a, 2011b, 2012b, 2012c; Dias and Fossile 2014). The methodology used for this descriptive and comparative analysis of the metaphorical occurrences of Brazilian Portuguese and English was developed by Moura (2007) and Fossile (2008a; 2008b; 2008c, 2011a, 2012b, 2012c). We can conclude that there is regularity in interpreting metaphors of Brazilian Portuguese and English and when we interpret a metaphor we do not perform a casual or random interpretation, but it seems to us that we recourse to a structure designed cognitively, in which aspectual values along with the interaction between the topic and the vehicle of a metaphorical sentence seem to be the most important point.

O Estado, concebido na antiguidade para melhor organização das relações sociais passou por um longo processo de amadurecimento à luz dos contextos contemporâneos de cada democracia. O presente trabalho abordará as temáticas democracia, corrupção e ciência política, buscando arcabouço teórico para o desenvolvimento desses temas. Para isso, foi utilizado método pautado em ampla exploração bibliográfica, pois esta fornece os meios necessários para demonstrar as definições dos conceitos e ainda possibilitar melhor compreensão sistemática a respeito doa temas central e correlatos. Neste interim, o termo "política" está associado aos direitos e deveres inerentes aos agentes que compõem o regime democrático adotado e desenvolvido nos Estados contemporâneos, tais aspectos levam a percepção e estudos sobre o perfil dos líderes políticos quanto a população que vive sobre esse tipo de sistema. Com o desenvolvimento teórico desse trabalho torna-se evidente a necessidade de prudência como característica base para a formação do líder, compondo-se ponderação na tomadas de decisões e levando o governante a estar mais apto para assumir o poder do governo. O trabalho considera ainda que o papel da sociedade é primordial para uma boa gestão administrativa pública, pois esta integra e se forma a partir das virtudes dos indivíduos que a compõem, somente sob esta perspectiva é que sociedade poderá caminhar para uma gestão pública adequada.

O artigo discute a importância do conhecimento e do aprofundamento do referencial construtivista de Jean Piaget e suas principais contribuições para a formação do pedagogo e sua prática docente. Mediante a análise das respostas de estudantes de Pedagogia a um questionário avaliativo, o texto apresenta as percepções dos alunos sobre o estudo continuado da epistemologia genética.

The topic of this article is εἱμαρμένη theory. It analyzes focusly the relationship of εἱμαρμένη theory of the Corp. Herm. 12.5-9 and Middle Platonic sources. The results of analysis limits to answer to εἱμαρμένη theory of Hermetism and Middle Platonism. Nevertheless, there are different points of view about εἱμαρμένη theory in Middle-Platonism. Therefore, the study is limited in scope, involving mainly the Corp. Herm. 12.5-9, De Fato by Plutarch of Chaeronea, De Doctrina Platonis by Alcinous and De Platone by Apuleius of Madaura. This article points out, through the historical-comparative philosophical method, that εἱμαρμένη theory of the Corp. Herm. 12.5-9 is predominantly Middle Platonic despite of occurrences of the (neo)Stoic propositions. So, in particular, this paper assumes that the Corp. Herm. 12.5-9 has a combination of heimarmenology with the Platonic theory of the νοῦς. First, one will point out the meanings of εἱμαρμένη and its correlates in the Corp. Herm. as a whole in comparison with Platonism. Afterwards, one will discuss the choice of prudent and passionate actions by the soul in Corp. Herm. 12.-5-9. Then, one will seek to explain what are the implications of εἱμαρμένη in the ἐλλόγιμοι (wise) in the Corp. Herm. 12.-5-9. Finally, it will be shown that this text is influenced by the theory of conditional or hypothetical fate unlike a purely Stoic doctrine.