Suchergebnisse

It is clear from political science literature that political parties are not static entities. Similar to other political institutions, they tend to transform with time, in response to changes in their surrounding environment. If the economic, social, cultural and political parameters in society are to substantially change, it is possible to deduce a change in the role of a political party and its organisational structure. The transition from totalitarian to democratic societies in Central, and partially in Eastern Europe, presents a process so unique that one may legitimately question if this has not resulted in a serious modification of the catch-all party type. In the region of Central Europe, Czechoslovakia - and after 1993 the Czech Republic - presents a special case, where during political and economic transformation next to general features, specific factors were also enforced, which eventually influenced the set-up and formation of parties in their early stages. It is left to consideration and further scrutiny to decide whether the unrepeatable environment of the Czech-Moravian melting pot, has not cultivated the clientelistic form of political party. Adapted from the source document.

The survey covers the first weeks of quarantine measures after the first diagnosed case of COVID-19 in Slovakia on March 6 2020. At the time of the fieldwork – on March 24 2020 – Slovakia introduced obligatory wearing of face mask outside of home. Before the fieldwork schools have been closed as well as shops and services (with the exception of groceries, chemists, medical supplies, drugstores, petrol stations as well as post offices, banks, insurance services and several other businesses). The survey monitors fears of the disease, the expected duration of the epidemic, agreement and compliance with the introduced quarantine measures and changes of behavior at times of the epidemic. Surveyed are also fears of loosing work, changes in the income situation and changes in leisure time activities and relations within households. Questions on changes in shopping behavior are also covered. This is the first survey from the "How are you, Slovakia?" survey series.

The survey covers the second month of quarantine measures after the first diagnosed case of COVID-19 in Slovakia on March 6 2020. A week before the fieldwork, the measure limiting movements between administrative regions (SK: okres) of Slovakia during Easter holidays – the most limiting quarantine measure so far - has been lifted. The survey monitors fears of the disease, the expected duration of the epidemic, agreement and compliance with the introduced quarantine measures, changes of behavior at times of the epidemic and the approval of restrictions introduced by the government limiting personal freedoms. Surveyed are also fears of loosing work, changes in the income situation and changes in leisure time activities and relations within households. The survey also includes questions from the Austrian Corona Panel Project which was fielded in the same time in Austria. This is the second survey from the "How are you, Slovakia?" survey series.

The survey covers the third month after the first diagnosed case of COVID-19 in Slovakia on March 6 2020. It was fielded in a period of gradual lifting of quarantine measures. The survey monitors fears of the disease, agreement and compliance with the introduced quarantine measures, changes of behavior at times of the epidemic and the approval of government strategies, state of mental health after extended quarantine and environmental topics. Surveyed are also fears of loosing work, changes in the income situation and relations within households. The survey also includes questions from Values in Crisis Austria survey which was fielded in the same time in Austria. This is the third survey from the "How are you, Slovakia?" survey series.

Numerous studies have confi rmed that caring for small children is still the domain of women in Slovakia. Maternity as such is considered the natural and expected role of women and is part of the construction of femininity in Slovak society. At the same time, it is expected and routine that Slovak women participate in the labour market, and the prevailing form of employment is full-time work. This complicates efforts to harmonise work with the need to care for a small child. It is not just the country's legislative and institutional framework that shape notions about caring for small children; they are also influenced by the views and attitudes of society towards this issue. The image of a good mother is constructed, and women then try to approximate it when performing their maternal role. The prevailing ideal is of a mother who devotes herself full-time to caring for a child for the first three years of the child's life. The author of this article focuses on the context surrounding the construction of the image of a good mother as one who cares for her child until the age of three, and examines how the image of the good mother is reflected in the opinions of women on returning to work and on work/life balance. The data in this analysis are drawn from public opinion polls about early childcare and the reality of caring for small children in Slovakia and from in-depth interviews with mothers of small children. The mothers are aware of the views of society, refl ect on them, and many try to fulfil them so that they are perceived as 'good' and not 'inadequate' mothers.

The cAreworkers 2016 survey maps the situation of women from Slovakia providing elder care in Austria at the time of the survey or those who were providing care in Austria at least until 2013. The purpose was to establish where the carers are employed in Austria, what employment forms they use, how frequent is their commute to Slovakia, how did they find their current work, what kind of care do they provide, which means of transport they use, whom they take care of in Austria and under which conditions. Other sections of the survey focused on the decision to start working in Austria, on the family background and their care responsibilities before working in Austria. The survey replicates the cAreworkers 2011 survey and broadens its scope by questions about life after the return from Austria for those care workers who were no longer active in elder care provision and were living in Slovakia at the time of the survey.

A major representative of Kurdish nationalism in Turkey, the Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK) renewed its violent activities while ending a ceasefire that lasted for almost five years in 2004. The nature of its armed struggle is in many aspects different from that of the period of 1984-1999. The issue of the Kurdish question in Turkey has been once again becoming increasingly dynamic in the last years, and the violent manifestations connected with this issue have been increasing as well. The presented case study deals with the offensive tactics of the PKK during its armed struggle in Turkey in the period from 2004 to 2011. The activities of the PKK are framed in the concept of insurgency. The analysis is focused on a description and interpretation of the nature of the PKKs offensive operations. On the basis of the analysis of the operational level of the PKKs activities, the pursued insurgent tactics are identified. The PKK pursues and combines four kinds of typical insurgency tactics - provocation, intimidation, protraction, and exhaustion, with the first two being the most important. In the background of the PKKs campaign, we can observe that the PKK plans and times its operations very carefully. At the same time the PKK focuses on getting and maintaining popular support for itself. Adapted from the source document.