Object.To investigate the flow of patients and nurses' workload ratio emergency section. Tasks. 1. Analise patient flow patterns change day period LSMU KK emergency departament. 2. Identify patient flow patterns change weekly.3. Compare flow changes in patients with nurses working hours per day during the period. Research methods. A retrospective analysis of patients flow was made analysis LSMU KK emergency section 01.01.2016 - 01.01.2017 calendar year. Also nurses work schedules are analysed in the same period. The obtained data were processed using SPSS 20.0 software package for Microsoft Office Excel 2010 program. The comparative analysis of the literature data, luginantto same type of work in the emergency department of the European Union. Results. The minimum number of patients served per day by the hour set from 4:00 to 7:00. - an average of 2 patients per hour., The highest from 12:00 to 12:59 hours. - an average of 12 patients per hour. The analysis of patient flows within a week minimum set of patients served Wednesdays - an average of 157 patients, the largest lead times - an average of 182 patients. Patient flow-month periods are different.The minimum number of patients served per day is in January - an average of 155 patients, the highest in July and August - an average of 181 patients. A comparison of patient-nurses ratio found that from 2 to 4 times there were more nurses than the patients from 0:00 to 8:59 min. From 22:00 to 12:00 min. and from 10:00 to 21:59 there was 1.2 more patients than nurses. Conclusions. 1.LSMU KK ED serves the average of 170 patients per day. Individual daily hours of patient flow changes. Minimum average quantity of patients are served from 0:00 to 7:00., The maximum average day flow of patients is from 10:00 to 20:00.2. Separately weekdays patient flow is different. Minimum patient flow points on Wednesday - average of 157 patients, the highest is on Monday - 181 patients. 3. Nurse - patient relationship (work intensity) significant changes in all analyzed in daily hours. From 0:00 to 8:59 min. nurses - patient ratio is 2-4: 1, from 22:00 to 0:00 min. 1.2: 1.All the other hours the ratio is 1: 1.2-1.5. The results show that nurses who work from 9:00 to 21:59 have significantly higher workload (1.2 - by 1.5 times) compared to nurses working from 22:00 to 8:59. Recommendations. In assessing the uneven distribution between patients and nurses during the day can be changed by adjusting the distribution of nurses' schedules. From 0:00 to 7:00 there should be smaller amount of nurses than it is at the moment, but it is recommended to increase the amount of nurses from 10:00 to 22:00.
Object.To investigate the flow of patients and nurses' workload ratio emergency section. Tasks. 1. Analise patient flow patterns change day period LSMU KK emergency departament. 2. Identify patient flow patterns change weekly.3. Compare flow changes in patients with nurses working hours per day during the period. Research methods. A retrospective analysis of patients flow was made analysis LSMU KK emergency section 01.01.2016 - 01.01.2017 calendar year. Also nurses work schedules are analysed in the same period. The obtained data were processed using SPSS 20.0 software package for Microsoft Office Excel 2010 program. The comparative analysis of the literature data, luginantto same type of work in the emergency department of the European Union. Results. The minimum number of patients served per day by the hour set from 4:00 to 7:00. - an average of 2 patients per hour., The highest from 12:00 to 12:59 hours. - an average of 12 patients per hour. The analysis of patient flows within a week minimum set of patients served Wednesdays - an average of 157 patients, the largest lead times - an average of 182 patients. Patient flow-month periods are different.The minimum number of patients served per day is in January - an average of 155 patients, the highest in July and August - an average of 181 patients. A comparison of patient-nurses ratio found that from 2 to 4 times there were more nurses than the patients from 0:00 to 8:59 min. From 22:00 to 12:00 min. and from 10:00 to 21:59 there was 1.2 more patients than nurses. Conclusions. 1.LSMU KK ED serves the average of 170 patients per day. Individual daily hours of patient flow changes. Minimum average quantity of patients are served from 0:00 to 7:00., The maximum average day flow of patients is from 10:00 to 20:00.2. Separately weekdays patient flow is different. Minimum patient flow points on Wednesday - average of 157 patients, the highest is on Monday - 181 patients. 3. Nurse - patient relationship (work intensity) significant changes in all analyzed in daily hours. From 0:00 to 8:59 min. nurses - patient ratio is 2-4: 1, from 22:00 to 0:00 min. 1.2: 1.All the other hours the ratio is 1: 1.2-1.5. The results show that nurses who work from 9:00 to 21:59 have significantly higher workload (1.2 - by 1.5 times) compared to nurses working from 22:00 to 8:59. Recommendations. In assessing the uneven distribution between patients and nurses during the day can be changed by adjusting the distribution of nurses' schedules. From 0:00 to 7:00 there should be smaller amount of nurses than it is at the moment, but it is recommended to increase the amount of nurses from 10:00 to 22:00.
Taking together all the evidence on the aetiology, development and differential processes of delinquent behaviour from childhood to adulthood, we dispose of important new evidence from the neurosciences, which, compared to traditional criminological, developmental, psychological and sociological evidence, increases our capacity to explain the age-crime curve. In particular, the right-hand side of the curve, indicating desistance from crime in young adulthood between the ages of 18 and 25, can be based on new insights from neuroscientific research on brain maturation and the development of self-control mechanisms. As a result, new questions about judicial reactions and interventions must be raised. If an individual's brain is fully matured only in the mid-twenties, general criminal law is possibly inappropriate, and a specific youth or young-adult criminal law reflecting the transitional processes and the diminished culpability of young-adult offenders should rather be applied. In many European jurisdictions, the scope of youth justice has been extended upwards to 18–20 year-old adults, in the Netherlands even up to 22 years of age, a political decision affecting criminality and based on new neuroscientific evidence.
Taking together all the evidence on the aetiology, development and differential processes of delinquent behaviour from childhood to adulthood, we dispose of important new evidence from the neurosciences, which, compared to traditional criminological, developmental, psychological and sociological evidence, increases our capacity to explain the age-crime curve. In particular, the right-hand side of the curve, indicating desistance from crime in young adulthood between the ages of 18 and 25, can be based on new insights from neuroscientific research on brain maturation and the development of self-control mechanisms. As a result, new questions about judicial reactions and interventions must be raised. If an individual's brain is fully matured only in the mid-twenties, general criminal law is possibly inappropriate, and a specific youth or young-adult criminal law reflecting the transitional processes and the diminished culpability of young-adult offenders should rather be applied. In many European jurisdictions, the scope of youth justice has been extended upwards to 18–20 year-old adults, in the Netherlands even up to 22 years of age, a political decision affecting criminality and based on new neuroscientific evidence.
Taking together all the evidence on the aetiology, development and differential processes of delinquent behaviour from childhood to adulthood, we dispose of important new evidence from the neurosciences, which, compared to traditional criminological, developmental, psychological and sociological evidence, increases our capacity to explain the age-crime curve. In particular, the right-hand side of the curve, indicating desistance from crime in young adulthood between the ages of 18 and 25, can be based on new insights from neuroscientific research on brain maturation and the development of self-control mechanisms. As a result, new questions about judicial reactions and interventions must be raised. If an individual's brain is fully matured only in the mid-twenties, general criminal law is possibly inappropriate, and a specific youth or young-adult criminal law reflecting the transitional processes and the diminished culpability of young-adult offenders should rather be applied. In many European jurisdictions, the scope of youth justice has been extended upwards to 18–20 year-old adults, in the Netherlands even up to 22 years of age, a political decision affecting criminality and based on new neuroscientific evidence.
Taking together all the evidence on the aetiology, development and differential processes of delinquent behaviour from childhood to adulthood, we dispose of important new evidence from the neurosciences, which, compared to traditional criminological, developmental, psychological and sociological evidence, increases our capacity to explain the age-crime curve. In particular, the right-hand side of the curve, indicating desistance from crime in young adulthood between the ages of 18 and 25, can be based on new insights from neuroscientific research on brain maturation and the development of self-control mechanisms. As a result, new questions about judicial reactions and interventions must be raised. If an individual's brain is fully matured only in the mid-twenties, general criminal law is possibly inappropriate, and a specific youth or young-adult criminal law reflecting the transitional processes and the diminished culpability of young-adult offenders should rather be applied. In many European jurisdictions, the scope of youth justice has been extended upwards to 18–20 year-old adults, in the Netherlands even up to 22 years of age, a political decision affecting criminality and based on new neuroscientific evidence.
Author: Mantas Čekanauskas. Title: Myocardial infarction morbidity, risk factors and survival in working age population in 2005– 2015. Aim: To review data found in scientific literature about myocardial infarction morbidity, risk factors and survival in working age population in 2005–2015. Tasks: To evaluate morbidity of myocardial infarction and its changes in Lithuania and European Union. To summarize etiology, main symptoms and principles of diagnostics. To identify the most significant risk factors for men and women. To evaluate survival, its changes and factors that contribute to it. Method: Search of scientific literature and data was done using PubMed, Lithuanian Academic Electronic Library (eLaBa), Lithuanian Institute of Hygiene and WHO Regional Office for Europe "Health for all" databases. Keywords used in research were: "myocardial infarction" and "young", "young people", "young adults", "young men", "young women", "men", "women", "characteristics", "pathogenesis", "diagnosis", "risk factors", "epidemiology", "morbidity", "survival", "mortality", "in hospital mortality", also "miokardo infarktas", "sergamumas", "išgyvenamumas", "mirštamumas", "rizikos veiksniai", "darbingo amžiaus". Only studies that were made with humans, written in English or Lithuanian and published not earlier than 10 years ago were selected. Articles that analyzed 65 years old and older population as well as younger than 18 years old people and those in which myocardial infarction was not the main analyzed topic were rejected. Additionally, other scientifical articles that corresponded to the topic of this paper were analyzed, prioritizing literature published not earlier than 10 years ago or articles written by Lithuanian authors. Conclusions: The number of hospitalizations due to ischaemic heart disease and myocardial infarction is slowly decreasing in EU (European Union) with the numbers being lowest in southern countries and biggest in Baltic and Scandinavian countries. The numbers in Lithuania remain the highest among all countries in the EU. The morbidity of myocardial infarction in Lithuania increased throughout 2005–2015. The morbidity in men was a few times higher than in women. Men aged 45 to 64 took the highest part among all patients. Myocardial infarction usually occurs as a result of thrombus forming in a coronary artery after a rupture of atheroma. The most common clinical manifestation is chest pain lasting 20 minutes or longer. Diagnosis is made after collecting patient's anamnesis, finding increased Troponin levels in blood serum and making other necessary examinations. The most important risk factors for 18–64 years old people are smoking, dyslipidaemia, diabetes and hypertension. Women experienced their first myocardial infarction later than men. Dyslipidaemia significantly increases the risk for men, while comorbidities for women. In recent years, numbers of hypertension and diabetes have increased among middle-aged, while numbers of smoking have decreased among younger MI patients. Mortality from ischaemic heart disease (including mortality from myocardial infarction) in Lithuania and Europe was decreasing throughout the period, even though in Lithuania it is still higher than the average of EU and is among the highest in the Union. Despite decreasing rates, this tendency is least noticeable among young women. General mortality among working age men decreased averagely -4,7 percent/year., p<0,05, among women -2,0 percent/year, p=0,16, among young men -7,8 percent/year, p<0,05, among young women -1,1 percent/year, p=0,56, among middle-aged men -4,5 percent/year, p<0,05, among middle-aged women -2,3 percent/year, p=0,16 respectively. Young women also got sufficient treatment later and less often than the other groups. The risk of mortality for patients who had experienced MI decreased a few times in 1980–2009. Previous acute heart failure worsened long-term survival for all patients, while additionally previous acute MI, stroke, and obesity was related with lower chances of survival in men, whereas stroke and diabetes in women. Overweight was associated with better prognosis for both men and women.
Author: Mantas Čekanauskas. Title: Myocardial infarction morbidity, risk factors and survival in working age population in 2005– 2015. Aim: To review data found in scientific literature about myocardial infarction morbidity, risk factors and survival in working age population in 2005–2015. Tasks: To evaluate morbidity of myocardial infarction and its changes in Lithuania and European Union. To summarize etiology, main symptoms and principles of diagnostics. To identify the most significant risk factors for men and women. To evaluate survival, its changes and factors that contribute to it. Method: Search of scientific literature and data was done using PubMed, Lithuanian Academic Electronic Library (eLaBa), Lithuanian Institute of Hygiene and WHO Regional Office for Europe "Health for all" databases. Keywords used in research were: "myocardial infarction" and "young", "young people", "young adults", "young men", "young women", "men", "women", "characteristics", "pathogenesis", "diagnosis", "risk factors", "epidemiology", "morbidity", "survival", "mortality", "in hospital mortality", also "miokardo infarktas", "sergamumas", "išgyvenamumas", "mirštamumas", "rizikos veiksniai", "darbingo amžiaus". Only studies that were made with humans, written in English or Lithuanian and published not earlier than 10 years ago were selected. Articles that analyzed 65 years old and older population as well as younger than 18 years old people and those in which myocardial infarction was not the main analyzed topic were rejected. Additionally, other scientifical articles that corresponded to the topic of this paper were analyzed, prioritizing literature published not earlier than 10 years ago or articles written by Lithuanian authors. Conclusions: The number of hospitalizations due to ischaemic heart disease and myocardial infarction is slowly decreasing in EU (European Union) with the numbers being lowest in southern countries and biggest in Baltic and Scandinavian countries. The numbers in Lithuania remain the highest among all countries in the EU. The morbidity of myocardial infarction in Lithuania increased throughout 2005–2015. The morbidity in men was a few times higher than in women. Men aged 45 to 64 took the highest part among all patients. Myocardial infarction usually occurs as a result of thrombus forming in a coronary artery after a rupture of atheroma. The most common clinical manifestation is chest pain lasting 20 minutes or longer. Diagnosis is made after collecting patient's anamnesis, finding increased Troponin levels in blood serum and making other necessary examinations. The most important risk factors for 18–64 years old people are smoking, dyslipidaemia, diabetes and hypertension. Women experienced their first myocardial infarction later than men. Dyslipidaemia significantly increases the risk for men, while comorbidities for women. In recent years, numbers of hypertension and diabetes have increased among middle-aged, while numbers of smoking have decreased among younger MI patients. Mortality from ischaemic heart disease (including mortality from myocardial infarction) in Lithuania and Europe was decreasing throughout the period, even though in Lithuania it is still higher than the average of EU and is among the highest in the Union. Despite decreasing rates, this tendency is least noticeable among young women. General mortality among working age men decreased averagely -4,7 percent/year., p<0,05, among women -2,0 percent/year, p=0,16, among young men -7,8 percent/year, p<0,05, among young women -1,1 percent/year, p=0,56, among middle-aged men -4,5 percent/year, p<0,05, among middle-aged women -2,3 percent/year, p=0,16 respectively. Young women also got sufficient treatment later and less often than the other groups. The risk of mortality for patients who had experienced MI decreased a few times in 1980–2009. Previous acute heart failure worsened long-term survival for all patients, while additionally previous acute MI, stroke, and obesity was related with lower chances of survival in men, whereas stroke and diabetes in women. Overweight was associated with better prognosis for both men and women.
The place of the preparation of the work. The Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Veterinary Academy, Department of Food Safety and Quality. Academic supervisor. Professor Dr. Dalia Sekmokienė. The scope of the work: 76 pages including 22 pictures, 6 tables, 1 appendix, 63 literature sources. The aim of the study. To analyse the peculiarities of the consumption of energy drinks, the supply of energy drinks and their labelling in Ukmerge town. Research Methods. The survey was conducted in April in 2014. The respondents of the survey were divided into four groups: "under 18 year - olds", "18 year - olds and older", "sportsmen" and "teachers". The analysis of results was performed using the statistic packets SPSS 19.0, 20.0 and 22.0, and MS Office Excel 2007. The analysis of the market of three biggest supermarkets in Ukmerge (PC "Rimi supermarket", UAB Palink "Iki" and PC, "Norfa XXL") was conducted in January and February in 2016. All energy drinks in these supermarkets were analysed considering their type, manufacturer and ingredients. Energy drinks were bought or their photographs were taken. The labelling of 4 most popular brands was analysed. The survey was conducted in accordance to the requirements of Lithuanian Hygiene Norm HN 119:2002 "The Labelling of Food Products", to provisions of the European Parliament and Council Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 on nutrition and health claims made on foods, and recommendations provided by the codex for promotion and labelling of energy drinks. Results. The survey showed that 9,6 % of people consume energy drinks, whereas more than 55 % of respondents do not consume these drinks, 35 % of respondents declared occasional consumption of energy drinks. According to the results, the statistical number of men, who consume energy drinks, was higher than the number of women, moreover, the choice of family members, who consume energy drinks, had no influence on them. The data of the survey indicates that people without a university degree tend to consume energy drinks more often. Young people from 17 to 19 drink energy drinks more often, though statistically significant differences among the age groups were not observed. The results of the survey do not distinguish essential differences inthe consumption of energy drinks between the respondents in the town and in villages. The majority of respondents (24,21 %) consume energy drinks when they feel tired. More than 46 % of respondents, who sometimes or constantly consume energy drinks, specify that the most appropriate capacity of a bottle or a can is 0,25 l. While analysing, what denotes the respondents' choice of energy drink type, 37 % of respondents chose the best known brand, where as 29,79 % chose the cheapest drink. Most often respondents decided to consume energy drinks themselves. According to the answers of respondents, the most popular brands of energy drinks were "Red Bull", "Dynamit ORIGINAL", "Monster", "Burn" and "Battery +". The results of the energy drink market indicated 22 brands of energy drinks. The other manufacturers cover the greatest part (80 %) of the market. The majority of energy drinks were sold in cans of 0,5 l. The dominant part of the market is occupied by energy drinks of "Red Bull" (27,27 %) and "Monster" (22,27 %) brands, which provide various types of energy drinks (sugar free, tropical fruit flavour, with ginseng, with vitamins). All supermarkets shelved energy drinks in separate sections that are away from alcoholic drinks and soft drinks. Caffeine was found in all energy drinks, where as 81,48 % energy drinks had 32 mg caffeine in 100 ml. All energy drinks had vitamin B. 3,70 % energy drinks were without taurine. 29,62 % of energy drinks contained the extract of guarana, 74,04 % were with sugar, and 25,92 % were with sweeteners instead of sugar. The analysis of the labelling of energy drinks depicted that most of them are compatible with the requirements of Lithuanian Hygiene Norm HN 119:2002 "The Labelling of Food Products". 1 type of energy drink package had no Lithuanian translation. 25,92 % of energy drinks had health claims, 18,51 % had nutrition claims. 59,09 % of energy drink package manufacturers included additional information or recommendations for users: "do not add to alcohol", "use moderately", "misuse may be hazardous to your health". Conclusions. According to the data of the questionnaire, the majority of respondents do not consume energy drinks, while other respondents consume them occasionally. Men consume more energy drinks than women (p < 0,05). It can be concluded that people, who chose to consume energy drinks, were not influenced by their family members. Statistically people without a university degree, compared to people with a university degree, tend to use energy drinks more often. People who are younger than 19 consume energy drinks more often. The results of the survey do not depict the considerable different between the residents of the town and villages and their interest in hazards to their health caused by energy drinks. The majority of respondents knew about the impact of energy drinks and their stimulating ingredients to the body of young people. It was ascertained that the majority of respondents consume energy drinks when they feel tired. Most often they buy 0,25 l capacity energy drinks as well as the cheapest and best known brands. The biggest part (80 %) of the energy drink market is occupied by the manufacturers of other countries. The majority (40,74 %) of energy drinks are sold in 0.5 l cans. Energy drinks were shelved in separate sections that are away from alcoholic drinks and soft drinks in all supermarkets. Caffeine and vitamin B were found in all energy drinks. 3,70 % energy drinks were without taurine. Some of them (29,62 %) had guarana extract, 25,92 % were sugar free but had sweeteners. The labelling of the majority of energy drinks conformed to the requirements of Lithuanian Hygiene Norm HN 119:2002 "The Labelling of Food Products". 25,92 % of energy drinks included health claims, 18,51 % included nutrition claims. 59,09 % of energy drinks' package manufacturers included additional information or recommendations to the user: "do not add to alcohol", "use moderately", "misuse may be hazardous to your health".
The place of the preparation of the work. The Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Veterinary Academy, Department of Food Safety and Quality. Academic supervisor. Professor Dr. Dalia Sekmokienė. The scope of the work: 76 pages including 22 pictures, 6 tables, 1 appendix, 63 literature sources. The aim of the study. To analyse the peculiarities of the consumption of energy drinks, the supply of energy drinks and their labelling in Ukmerge town. Research Methods. The survey was conducted in April in 2014. The respondents of the survey were divided into four groups: "under 18 year - olds", "18 year - olds and older", "sportsmen" and "teachers". The analysis of results was performed using the statistic packets SPSS 19.0, 20.0 and 22.0, and MS Office Excel 2007. The analysis of the market of three biggest supermarkets in Ukmerge (PC "Rimi supermarket", UAB Palink "Iki" and PC, "Norfa XXL") was conducted in January and February in 2016. All energy drinks in these supermarkets were analysed considering their type, manufacturer and ingredients. Energy drinks were bought or their photographs were taken. The labelling of 4 most popular brands was analysed. The survey was conducted in accordance to the requirements of Lithuanian Hygiene Norm HN 119:2002 "The Labelling of Food Products", to provisions of the European Parliament and Council Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 on nutrition and health claims made on foods, and recommendations provided by the codex for promotion and labelling of energy drinks. Results. The survey showed that 9,6 % of people consume energy drinks, whereas more than 55 % of respondents do not consume these drinks, 35 % of respondents declared occasional consumption of energy drinks. According to the results, the statistical number of men, who consume energy drinks, was higher than the number of women, moreover, the choice of family members, who consume energy drinks, had no influence on them. The data of the survey indicates that people without a university degree tend to consume energy drinks more often. Young people from 17 to 19 drink energy drinks more often, though statistically significant differences among the age groups were not observed. The results of the survey do not distinguish essential differences inthe consumption of energy drinks between the respondents in the town and in villages. The majority of respondents (24,21 %) consume energy drinks when they feel tired. More than 46 % of respondents, who sometimes or constantly consume energy drinks, specify that the most appropriate capacity of a bottle or a can is 0,25 l. While analysing, what denotes the respondents' choice of energy drink type, 37 % of respondents chose the best known brand, where as 29,79 % chose the cheapest drink. Most often respondents decided to consume energy drinks themselves. According to the answers of respondents, the most popular brands of energy drinks were "Red Bull", "Dynamit ORIGINAL", "Monster", "Burn" and "Battery +". The results of the energy drink market indicated 22 brands of energy drinks. The other manufacturers cover the greatest part (80 %) of the market. The majority of energy drinks were sold in cans of 0,5 l. The dominant part of the market is occupied by energy drinks of "Red Bull" (27,27 %) and "Monster" (22,27 %) brands, which provide various types of energy drinks (sugar free, tropical fruit flavour, with ginseng, with vitamins). All supermarkets shelved energy drinks in separate sections that are away from alcoholic drinks and soft drinks. Caffeine was found in all energy drinks, where as 81,48 % energy drinks had 32 mg caffeine in 100 ml. All energy drinks had vitamin B. 3,70 % energy drinks were without taurine. 29,62 % of energy drinks contained the extract of guarana, 74,04 % were with sugar, and 25,92 % were with sweeteners instead of sugar. The analysis of the labelling of energy drinks depicted that most of them are compatible with the requirements of Lithuanian Hygiene Norm HN 119:2002 "The Labelling of Food Products". 1 type of energy drink package had no Lithuanian translation. 25,92 % of energy drinks had health claims, 18,51 % had nutrition claims. 59,09 % of energy drink package manufacturers included additional information or recommendations for users: "do not add to alcohol", "use moderately", "misuse may be hazardous to your health". Conclusions. According to the data of the questionnaire, the majority of respondents do not consume energy drinks, while other respondents consume them occasionally. Men consume more energy drinks than women (p < 0,05). It can be concluded that people, who chose to consume energy drinks, were not influenced by their family members. Statistically people without a university degree, compared to people with a university degree, tend to use energy drinks more often. People who are younger than 19 consume energy drinks more often. The results of the survey do not depict the considerable different between the residents of the town and villages and their interest in hazards to their health caused by energy drinks. The majority of respondents knew about the impact of energy drinks and their stimulating ingredients to the body of young people. It was ascertained that the majority of respondents consume energy drinks when they feel tired. Most often they buy 0,25 l capacity energy drinks as well as the cheapest and best known brands. The biggest part (80 %) of the energy drink market is occupied by the manufacturers of other countries. The majority (40,74 %) of energy drinks are sold in 0.5 l cans. Energy drinks were shelved in separate sections that are away from alcoholic drinks and soft drinks in all supermarkets. Caffeine and vitamin B were found in all energy drinks. 3,70 % energy drinks were without taurine. Some of them (29,62 %) had guarana extract, 25,92 % were sugar free but had sweeteners. The labelling of the majority of energy drinks conformed to the requirements of Lithuanian Hygiene Norm HN 119:2002 "The Labelling of Food Products". 25,92 % of energy drinks included health claims, 18,51 % included nutrition claims. 59,09 % of energy drinks' package manufacturers included additional information or recommendations to the user: "do not add to alcohol", "use moderately", "misuse may be hazardous to your health".
