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Without addressing the corruption endemic to Iraq's muhasasa political system, the prime minister will fare no better than his predecessors.

Anuario de Derecho Municipal 2020 Madrid, 2021. ISSN: 1888-7392. Nº 14: 243-258 Building rapid transit in Canada: the problem of governance Martin Horak* University of Western Ontario ABSTRACT Canadian cities have seen a boom in the construction of rapid transit infrastructure in recent years, fueled by the rise of financial support for transit from the federal government and the provinces. However, the extent to which individual cities have been able to productively harness this new financial support varies greatly. This study compares the recent development of rapid transit infrastructure in two of Canada's largest metropolitan areas, Toronto and Vancouver. It finds that while both cities have recently developed regional transportation authorities to manage large transit investments, in Toronto the development of rapid transit has been highly contentious, marked by frequent changes in plan and the repeated cancellation and deferral of transit projects, while in Vancouver, the development of rapid transit has been much more consensual and orderly. The study introduces an analytical framework that interprets these different outcomes as the result of dissimilar institutional environments in the two cities, which vary in the extent to which they insulate long-range planning and decision-making from efforts by politicians to harness rapid transit decisions for short-term electoral advantage

Strategische Konzepte für Donbass – Krim ○ Vorbemerkungen zu den Übersetzungen; • Kolumne des Botschafters Chinas in Russland (April 2022, dt. Übers.); • Interview 'The National Interest' (Washington) mit dem Hrsg. der 'Njesawissimaja Gaseta' (Moskau) zum Ukraine-Konflikt (März 2022). ○ Dokumentation • Ukraine-Erlass № 405/2014 Anti-Terror-Operation im Donbass; • Ukraine-Gesetz 2018 'Zur Wiedereingliederung des Donbass'; • Russland-Erlass № 252/2022 Antwortsanktionen; • Russland-Verordnung № 851/2022 'Zu Antwortsankfionen'; ○ Sämtliche Textoriginale (russ., engl., ukr.).:Strategische Konzepte für Donbass – Krim Global Governance im Diskurs (VIII) ○Vorwort und Übersetzungen von Rainer Böhme. ○ DOKUMENTATION ● Kolumne von Zhang Hanhui, Botschafter Chinas in Russland, in der 'Komsomolskaja Prawda' (Moskau, 08.04.2022) : "Hegemonie und Politik der Stärke – Quelle der Instabilität" (Übersetzt a. d. Russischen); ● Interview mit Konstantin Remtschukow ('Njesawissimaja Gaseta', Moskau) der 'The National Interest' (Washington, 07.03.2022): "Russland ist vollständig vom Westen abgeschnitten" (Übersetzt a. d. Englischen); ○ Mitteilungen der Präsidialverwaltung der Ukraine 'Zum Donbass' (Übersetzt a. d. Ukrainischen): ● Erlass 'Zur Anti-Terror-Operation im Donbass' des Präsidenten der Ukraine № 405 vom 13. April 2014' (Übersetzt a. d. Ukrainischen); ● Gesetz 'Zur Wiedereingliederung des Donbass' № 2268-VIII vom 18. Januar 2018 mit ANHANG. ○ Portal für Rechtsinformationen der Russischen Föderation, 'Zu Antwortsanktionen' (Übersetzt a. d. Russischen): ● Erlass № 252 des Präsidenten der RF (vom 3. Mai 2022); ● Verordnung № 851 der Regierung der RF (vom 11. Mai 2022) mit ANHANG. ○ Textoriginale (russ., engl., ukr.): ● Kolumne 'Komsomolskaja Prawda' vom Botschafter Chinas ( v. 8. April 2022); ● Interview 'The National Interest' mit K. Remtschukow (v. 7. März 2022); ● Zur Anti-Terror-Operation' – Erlass № 405/2014 (v. 13. April 2014); ● Gesetz über die Wiedereingliederung des Donbass (v. 18. Januar 2018); ● Erlass № 252 d. ...

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to analyze the conflict management that has been carried out by the government through the integrative framework of Collaborative Governance. The research method used was the deductive Post-Positivist paradigm by collecting data through interviews, focus group discussions, and surveys regarding the implementation of Special Autonomy Policy. The results of the study based on the integrative framework of collaborative governance model showed that the process of collaboration in implementing the Special Autonomy policy has not been successful and is less effective. RESUMEN El propósito de este estudio es analizar la gestión de conflictos que ha llevado a cabo el gobierno a través del marco integrador de la Gobernanza Colaborativa. El método de investigación utilizado fue el paradigma deductivo post-positivista mediante la recolección de datos a través de entrevistas, discusiones de grupos focales y encuestas sobre la implementación de la Política de Autonomía Especial. Los resultados mostraron que el proceso de colaboración en la implementación de la Política Especial de Autonomía no ha sido exitoso y es menos efectivo.

Verlängerung des Vertrags Russland – China (v. 28. Juni 2021): • Kommentar (dt.) zur gemeinsamen Erklärung Russland-China zur Vertragsverlängerung (2021) und zu Pressestimmen in Russland; • Meinungsbeitrag (dt., russ.) aus Russland zum Vertrag Russland-China (2021) und dessen Bedeutung für 'Global Governance'; • Dokumentation (dt., russ.) anlässlich der Vertragsverlängerung (28. Juni 2021): .- Protokoll zum Video-Gespräch der Präsidenten Russlands und Chinas; .- Gemeinsame Erklärung der RF und VR China zum 20. Jahrestag der Unterzeichnung des Vertrags.:• Vorwort von Rainer Böhme (Hrsg.) • Kommentar von Wilfried Schreiber: Russland-China-Vertrag – Gemeinsame Antwort auf die "regelbasierte Ordnung" des Westens (dt.); • Meinungsbeitrag von W. Pawlenko: Der Russland-China-Vertrag – eine neue Dimension in der globalen Politik. In: IA REGNUM, Moskau, 28. Juni 2021. (Übersetzung a. d. Russ. Von Rainer Böhme.) • Dokumentation (Übersetzung a. d. Russ. von Rainer Böhme): .- Protokoll zum Video-Gespräch der Präsidenten Russlands und Chinas am 28. Juni 2021 anlässlich der Vertragsverlängerung; .- Gemeinsame Erklärung (vom 28. Juni 2021) der Russischen Föderation und der Volksrepublik China zum 20. Jahrestag der Unterzeichnung des Vertrags über Nachbarschaft, Freundschaft und Zusammenarbeit zwischen der Russischen Föderation und der VR China. • Textoriginale (russ.): .- Meinungsbeitrag W. Pawlenko; • Dokumentation der Präsidialverwaltung der Russischen Föderation: .- Protokoll zum Video-Gespräch der Präsidenten Russlands und Chinas am 28. Juni 2021 anlässlich der Vertragsverlängerung. .- Gemeinsame Erklärung (vom 28. Juni 2021) der Russischen Föderation und der Volksrepublik China zum 20. Jahrestag der Unterzeichnung des Vertrags über Nachbarschaft, Freundschaft und Zusammenarbeit zwischen der Russischen Föderation und der VR China. (Offizieller russischer Wortlaut).

En la actualidad, la administración pública demanda flexibilidad, creatividad, efectividad, eficiencia, participación, cooperación y corresponsabilidad. El mundo de hoy y, en este caso, el desarrollo, necesitan una nueva forma de gobernar. Reconociendo este requerimiento y la necesidad de explicar su por qué, en este trabajo de reflexión y desde la palestra de la Geografía, se aborda el tema de la gobernanza territorial como un nuevo esquema de acción para gobernar el territorio con fines de desarrollo. La premisa del estudio es: el desarrollo necesita gobierno. y como no toda acción del gobierno es de gobierno. se demanda una adecuación. se requiere gobernanza territorial para el desarrollo. ; Currently, the public administration requires flexibility, creativity, effectiveness, efficiency, participation and joined responsibility. The world and, more specifically, the development need a new form of governing. Recognizing this requirement and the need to answer why it is recognized, but from the Geography point of view, the topic of territory governance as a new action scheme to rule the territory for its development is being dealt with in this reflection paper. The premise of this study is: the development requires government. and as every government action is of government. an adaptation is needed. a territory governance for the development is required. ; 134-152 ; bourgoin@ula.ve ; Semestral

One of the factors determining the development of the securities market in the country is the level of corporate governance. It is clear that without respect for the rights of small shareholders of the company, is not created for them the possibility of effective enjoyment of these rights and on the possibility of leaving the company, and similar factors make it difficult to attract funding through the securities market. From this point of view, the effect of creating a mechanism to protect investors' rights legislation of the country on the development of the securities market significantly. The financing of the national economy the main role belongs to the market for corporate securities. Securities market creates additional opportunities for financing firms. This creates an incentive for the company's development and corporate management firm. This fiscal squeeze in many cases firms to refrain from taking effective financial decisions, which in turn negatively affects economic development. Emerging in the country system of corporate governance is to ensure equal and fair treatment of all shareholders, including small shareholders, shareholders and foreign shareholders who do not participate in managing the company.

The purpose of the article is to establish an analysis of the progress made by open fiscal governance in Latin America. Based on the study of commitments related to the use of public resources, the actions included in plans implemented by the countries of the region within the framework of the Open Government Partnership (OGP), concludes with the need to take advantage of the Knowledge and learning generated in the processes of fiscal governance with the use of public resources, to mobilize an agenda focused on solving the main problems that affect citizens and impede the achievement of development results.

International Relations teeters on the edge of an abyss of irrelevance. As an academic pursuit it has become disparate and fragmented. We have ceased to pursue greater clarity in the way that we understand the world around us; moreover, we have failed as agents of change -that is, as purveyors of opinion and proposals about a better and fairer world order. As such, we no longer serve our students and those practitioners who seek our advice. The text outlines why and how International Relations teeters on the edge of an abyss. It offers a proposal for moving beyond the fragmentation and atomization that afflicts international relations. The third part argues that global governance offers an opportunity to return to these questions. Adapted from the source document.

This article addresses several issues pertinent to health systems governance for health equity. It argues the importance of health systems using measures of positive health (well-being), discriminating in favour of historically less advantaged groups and weighing the costs of health care against investments in the social determinants of health. It cautions that the concept of governance could weaken the role of government, with disequalizing effects, while emphasizing the importance of two elements of good governance (transparency and participation) in health systems decision-making. It distinguishes between participation as volunteer labour and participation as exercising political rights, and questions the assumption that decentralization in health systems is necessarily empowering. It then identifies five health system roles to address issues of equity (educator/watchdog, resource broker, community developer, partnership developer and advocate/catalyst) and the implications of these roles for practice. Drawing on preliminary findings of a global research project on comprehensive primary health care, it discusses political aspects of progressive health system reform and the implications of equity-focused health system governance on health workers' roles, noting the importance of health workers claiming their identity as citizens. The article concludes with a commentary on the inherently political nature of health reforms based on equity; the necessary confrontation with power relations politics involves; and the health systems governance challenge of managing competing health discourses of efficiency and results-based financing, on the one hand, and equity and citizen empowerment, on the other. ; This article addresses several issues pertinent to health systems governance for health equity. It argues the importance of health systems using measures of positive health (well-being), discriminating in favour of historically less advantaged groups and weighing the costs of health care against investments in the social determinants of health. It cautions that the concept of governance could weaken the role of government, with disequalizing effects, while emphasizing the importance of two elements of good governance (transparency and participation) in health systems decision-making. It distinguishes between participation as volunteer labour and participation as exercising political rights, and questions the assumption that decentralization in health systems is necessarily empowering. It then identifies five health system roles to address issues of equity (educator/watchdog, resource broker, community developer, partnership developer and advocate/catalyst) and the implications of these roles for practice. Drawing on preliminary findings of a global research project on comprehensive primary health care, it discusses political aspects of progressive health system reform and the implications of equity-focused health system governance on health workers' roles, noting the importance of health workers claiming their identity as citizens. The article concludes with a commentary on the inherently political nature of health reforms based on equity; the necessary confrontation with power relations politics involves; and the health systems governance challenge of managing competing health discourses of efficiency and results-based financing, on the one hand, and equity and citizen empowerment, on the other.