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This book in a diagnostic approach looks at the problems plaguing Africa, a continent rich in human and natural resources yet the poorest in the world. The main question is: what is the purpose of government in Africa? As illustrated by different empirical examples, the study argues that the creation of states and governments after colonialism was a «false start» and was not impacted by the social contract principle of men forming government to preserve the common good. The result is a leadership culture of government against the people with weak institutions in favour of strong autocratic rul

AbstractCultural and creative industries have exhibited rapid changes in recent years, and public sectors worldwide have expanded interest in policies related to these industries as a means of promoting culture, innovation, and economic vitality. This article argues that the cultural values promoted by and economic significance of cultural and creative sectors are essential to the formation of policy and to the development of new industries. This article offers insight into cultural policy that has governed regional and local development, and addresses academic debates about policy related to cultural and creative industries based on several cultural, economic, and geographical factors. In addition, this article presents the results of analyzing various theories and case studies, based on how the Central Government of Taiwan (CGT) has adopted policies to promote cultural and creative industries. The research results link areas of cultural and economic development with policies enacted by the CGT. Ideas concerning the cultural ministry, industrial development, civic boosterism, subsidies, regional development, creative clusters, tourists and tourism businesses, and export markets are areas of emphasis in this study.

Metropolitan planning organisations (MPOs) present a unique opportunity as real-world laboratories to investigate the dynamics of scale and performance management in polycentric governance networks. Using a 2009 Government Accountability Office survey of all 381 MPOs, this study examines whether the scale and intensity of collaboration of an MPO influences performance management; and tests two hypotheses: (1) small-scale MPOs have a significant performance management gap; (2) larger-scale MPOs with higher scale and intensity of collaboration have a smaller performance management gap. Regression models predict performance management gaps across 15 indicators. Theoretical implications concerning scale and collaboration in polycentric governance networks are discussed.

The paper reports the results of research conducted among councillors in England which explored how they operate in complex governing networks where they interact with a range of public and private bodies. Councillors cannot control such networks or their members. Rather, councillors are faced with devising strategies to exert influence over and to try to shape and direct the policy decisions taken by the individual players and to draw a myriad of decisions into an overall direction and coherence. Councillors can either act ideologically (a key set of political principles and goals) or pragmatically (an assessment of what it is possible to achieve). The paper explores the approaches councillors have developed to engage in governance networks and assesses whether or not they act deologically or pragmatically. It introduces the concept of RealLokalPolitik to explain the tension and choice between these approaches. The paper also explores how the need to operate in governance networks re-shapes our understanding of councillors as trustees, delegates or party loyalists. ; Rad analizira rezultate istraživanja provedenog među lokalnim vijećnicima u Engleskoj koje se bavilo načinom na koji oni djeluju unutar složenih mreža vladavine u kojima se nalaze u međudjelovanju sa širokim rasponom javnih i privatnih tijela. Vijećnici takve mreže ni njihove članove ne mogu kontrolirati. Naprotiv, suočeni su s potrebom stvaranja načina da ostvare utjecaj na njih i pokušaju oblikovati i usmjeravati odluke o javnim politikama koje donose pojedini akteri te tom mnoštvu odluka dati zajednički smjer i koherentnost. Vijećnici mogu djelovati s ideoloških stajališta (skup političkih načela i ciljeva) ili pak pragmatično (procjenjujući što je moguće ostvariti). U radu se razmatraju pristupi koje su vijećnici razvili da bi se uključili u mreže vladavine i procjenjuje se ponašaju li se oni ideološki ili pragmatično. Rad uvodi koncept realpolitike na lokalnoj razini (RealLokalPolitik) kako bi se objasnila napetost koja vlada te izbor između tih dvaju pristupa. Također se istražuje na koji način potreba djelovanja unutar mreža vladavine preoblikuje naše poimanje vijećnika kao upravljača, delegata ili pak stranačkih lojalista.

Although there was not a focused administration on ethnic minorities in Finland until the last decades of the 20th century, there was variety of rationalities, techniques and practices of governance used for their conduct. In this article I analyze how the governance of the Roma and the Sámi – two biggest minorities at the time – changed after mid-1800s, when the new understanding, the ethno-cultural one, on population diffused among administration and governing bodies. This Foucauldian analysis concentrates on the descent of this 'event', the social and political conditions of its mergence, and the actual changes it meant in the governance of these minorities. ; peerReviewed