Suchergebnisse

At the end of the 20th century, the consolidation of neoliberal principles determined the transformation of relations among state, private sector and civil society organisations by increasing the role of civil actors in decision making processes, provision of social services, representation and defence of group interests. The deficit of democracy, emerged in regard to politicians' dependence on big business, had induced social indifference and distrust on government decisions, that in turns allowed NGO to transform from peripheral actors to active advocates of public interest. These reforms encouraged the research of NGO governance from the perspectives of organisations' and managements theories. The analysis of NGO governance's concept, presented in this paper, is based on examination of main structural elements of NGO governance and assessment of organisations' accountability as part of governance processes. The main objectives of the paper are: 1) to review the main characteristics of NGO and transformations of its roles by presenting different scholars' perspectives toward NGO as deliverers of social services; 2) to discover the complexity and contextuality of NGO governance concept by summarising the current research in the context of neo liberal transformations of public administration and by analysing different models of NGO governance. The paper continues the discussion on the principles of good NGO governance by presenting the NGO governance models typology, based on two dimensions: established versus innovative and unitary versus pluralistic. The systematic analysis of scientific literature and comparative analyses were used as the main methods to achieve the objectives of the paper. [.]

At the end of the 20th century, the consolidation of neoliberal principles determined the transformation of relations among state, private sector and civil society organisations by increasing the role of civil actors in decision making processes, provision of social services, representation and defence of group interests. The deficit of democracy, emerged in regard to politicians' dependence on big business, had induced social indifference and distrust on government decisions, that in turns allowed NGO to transform from peripheral actors to active advocates of public interest. These reforms encouraged the research of NGO governance from the perspectives of organisations' and managements theories. The analysis of NGO governance's concept, presented in this paper, is based on examination of main structural elements of NGO governance and assessment of organisations' accountability as part of governance processes. The main objectives of the paper are: 1) to review the main characteristics of NGO and transformations of its roles by presenting different scholars' perspectives toward NGO as deliverers of social services; 2) to discover the complexity and contextuality of NGO governance concept by summarising the current research in the context of neo liberal transformations of public administration and by analysing different models of NGO governance. The paper continues the discussion on the principles of good NGO governance by presenting the NGO governance models typology, based on two dimensions: established versus innovative and unitary versus pluralistic. The systematic analysis of scientific literature and comparative analyses were used as the main methods to achieve the objectives of the paper. [.]

This paper analyzes the scientific discourse of governance and university governance within the framework of the existing concepts, it also deals with alternation of university governance in the context of European higher education regulations and directives, presents analysis of the traditional and entrepreneurial university governance models of the content aspect. It also presents the results of "International Comparative Research on University Governance Models" carried out by the paper authors emphasizing the context of Finland's higher education and university governance and the case of Lapland University. Although traditional higher education values dominate in many missions and visions of Finnish universities, internal institutional governance of the University of Lapland has recently become entrepreneurial. Good governance of the university is associated not only with distinction of administrative and academic functions, reduction of bureaucratic processes, but also with the openness of the university, good communication and understanding of the academic culture.

The article highlights the education community, drawing the community as a strengthening of local government units; debate on the participation of community members in self-governance process. The article discusses the case study; exposing the local community (Kupiškis district) participation in political and cultural life of the community, directly to the (self) pulling into municipal development processes and public civil debate edge business development actualities positioning. Concerned members of the community competencies, activities and feel, the presentation of their region as a smart social space of the region, in support of a competitive advantage in the global market – i.e. community participation, the promotion of entrepreneurship in the region; the development of tourism, the use of existing natural, cultural and other resources.

The article analyzed and summarized the challenges of resolving public policy implementation and public service delivery problems in the evolution of public sector changes – from new public management to new public governance – based on new ideological normative, values and complexity of interorganizational relations, network governance, new level of contract governance. The main goal and tasks of the article are to analyze the essence of strategic view and features in new public governance ideology, to explain the main problems and specific factors inhibiting strategic thinking and the mission of strategic thinking and strategic governance in the whole of public governance tools in the start of XXI century. The efforts to identify main indicators and criteria of new public governance are done in the article. However, to encompass a lot of formation, implementing and evaluating the first steps of new public governance, and generally to assess new public governance theoretical concepts and best practice as whole is impossible. The article attempts to contribute to this effort by presenting, explaining, describing the elements and factors of new public governance: the development of analytical leans for strategic thinking in decision making, better communication in interorganizational perspective, new level of requirements to democratic mediation of stakeholder interests, implementing social responsibility of organizations, the transparency and prevention of corruption at all levels and networks of governance. ; Straipsnyje analizuojami šiuolaikinio viešojo valdymo etapo pokyčiai, iš kurių svarbiausias yra naujosios viešosios vadybos kaip vadybinės ideologijos inkrementinis evoliucionavimas į naująjį (gerąjį) viešąjį valdymą. Straipsnyje išskiriamos naujojo viešojo valdymo indikatorių, sąlygojančių faktorių diagnozavimo galimybės, bandoma apibrėžti besiformuojančius teorinius naujojo viešojo valdymo dekompozicinius elementus. Siekiama identifikuoti esminius valdymo evoliucijos pokyčius, kryptis ir elementus – tokius kaip tarpsektorinę integraciją, tinklaveiką, įvairių rūšių ir formų bei struktūrų partnerystę, strateginio mąstymo ir veiklos kokybinius pokyčius ir naujojo viešojo valdymo strateginį pobūdį formuojant ir įgyvendinant viešąją politiką. Svarbiausia grandis, jungianti naujojo viešojo valdymo sisteminius elementus, yra valdymo demokratizavimo kryptingumas, humanizuojantis valdymo procesus, metodus, akcentuojantis viešojo valdymo struktūrų, vadovų ir viešojo sektoriaus vadybininkų socialinę atsakomybę už piliečių – tiesioginių viešųjų paslaugų gavėjų – vilčių ir lūkesčių realizavimą.

The discipline of Public Administration is marked with an ever growing increase in theoretical models of governance. However, this theoretical proliferation is not matched by a meta‑theory that would allow building an understanding of the interrelation of these models. The dissertation provides an in‑depth analysis of selected theoretical models which is used as a basis of researching the role of the Government of Lithuania in the formation and development of Lithuanian public governance.

The discipline of Public Administration is marked with an ever growing increase in theoretical models of governance. However, this theoretical proliferation is not matched by a meta‑theory that would allow building an understanding of the interrelation of these models. The dissertation provides an in‑depth analysis of selected theoretical models which is used as a basis of researching the role of the Government of Lithuania in the formation and development of Lithuanian public governance.

The citizens' right to participate in the conducting the public affairs is accepted as one of the democracy principles constituting the base of the good governance. The members states of the European Council have to embed the participation principle in the internal laws and, if necessary, in the Constitutions. The legal aspects of participatory governance in local self-government are analysed in this article. In accordance with the documents of international organisations, international and Lithuanian acts of law, participation is one of main principles of the good governance. The analysis of participation principle helps to disclose in which way and in what forms local residents can participate in management of the public municipal affairs. It is identified, that the content of participation principle includes: direct participation of local residents in preparation of and discussion on the decisions' projects; direct participation of local residents in the meetings, rallies and polls; direct participation in the analysis of public petitions. Furthermore, the municipal institutions have to inculcate the principles of self-government in the institutions of education, cultural and in other, to support associations initiatives, which are related to the managing the public municipal affairs. Accomplished analysis of law acts allowed to establish that the implementation of residents' municipal rights is concurrent with the institutions, through which this right is implemented, and (or) with the organisation and activity of their accountable institutions.

The citizens' right to participate in the conducting the public affairs is accepted as one of the democracy principles constituting the base of the good governance. The members states of the European Council have to embed the participation principle in the internal laws and, if necessary, in the Constitutions. The legal aspects of participatory governance in local self-government are analysed in this article. In accordance with the documents of international organisations, international and Lithuanian acts of law, participation is one of main principles of the good governance. The analysis of participation principle helps to disclose in which way and in what forms local residents can participate in management of the public municipal affairs. It is identified, that the content of participation principle includes: direct participation of local residents in preparation of and discussion on the decisions' projects; direct participation of local residents in the meetings, rallies and polls; direct participation in the analysis of public petitions. Furthermore, the municipal institutions have to inculcate the principles of self-government in the institutions of education, cultural and in other, to support associations initiatives, which are related to the managing the public municipal affairs. Accomplished analysis of law acts allowed to establish that the implementation of residents' municipal rights is concurrent with the institutions, through which this right is implemented, and (or) with the organisation and activity of their accountable institutions.

The article examines public participation and mechanisms of citizens' involvement in the governance of the electrical energy sector. Three aspects of public engagement are analysed: 1) the participants of this process; 2) the level of engagement; 3) the phase of the governance process during which the public is involved. To provide a comprehensive review of the main characteristics of the governance of the Lithuanian electrical energy sector, a semi-structured interview of experts was carried out. Institutions that formulate and implement governance policies are reviewed, the possibilities of public participation and the potential tools of engagement are analysed. Finally, the mechanisms that create proper conditions for citizens' involvement in the governance of the electrical energy sector (as consumers and active electricity sector participants) are discussed. ; Straipsnyje gvildenamas elektros energetikos sektoriaus viešasis valdymas, ypač daug dėmesio skiriant visuomenės dalyvavimui. Analizuojamas Lietuvos atvejis, skiriant tris piliečių įtraukimo aspektus: 1) dalyvius; 2) piliečių įsitraukimo (dalyvavimo) lygį; 3) valdymo proceso, į kurį visuomenė yra įtraukta, etapą. Siekiama atskleisti visuomenės dalyvavimo Lietuvos elektros energetikos sektoriaus veiklos politiką formuojančių ir įgyvendinančių institucijų veikloje prielaidas, ištirti piliečių įtraukimo galimybes. Taikant kokybinio tyrimo metodus atlikta ekspertų apklausa, leidžianti išsamiau apžvelgti nagrinėjamo reiškinio ypatumus. Straipsnis baigiamas mechanizmų, sudarančių sąlygas piliečiams dalyvauti elektros energetikos valdyme kaip vartotojams bei visuomenės atstovams ir kaip aktyviems sektoriaus dalyviams, aptarimu.

Analysis of relationship between public policy and administration remains one of the most relevant issues in public administration. Normative distinction of public policy and administration seemed to be plausible as proposed to draw a clear line between bureaucrats and politicians in order to avoid corruption, protectionism, bribery. It was argued that such demarcation is justified by the demands of democracy. But the practice has revealed the growing role of bureaucrats in decision-making process, the strengthening relations between politicians and bureaucrats. The traditional normative approach to this relationship has not been prevailing in practice, and formed a need to develop a new model. As a result, the complementarity model was developed by J. H. Svara, however, it has received criticism from the proponents of policy and administration dichotomy model. This article examines formulation assumptions of the policy-administration dichotomy and complementarity models, defines their conceptual content, sets out the limitations of these models, and analyses the complementarity model in the context of public governance reform. The aim of this article is a further problematization of the role of public administration in decision-making process and the legitimacy of this role in the context of modeling of the relationship between public policy and administration. ; Politikos ir administravimo santykių analizė išlieka viena aktualiausių temų viešajame administravime. Normatyvinis politikos ir administravimo atribojimas atrodė prasmingas, nes siūlė nubrėžti aiškią ribą tarp biurokratų ir politikų veiklos, siekiant išvengti korupcijos, protekcionizmo, kyšininkavimo. Buvo manoma, jog tokia atskirtis yra demokratiškai teisinga, tačiau praktikos analizė atskleidė didėjantį biurokratų vaidmenį sprendimų priėmimo procese, stiprėjančius santykius tarp politikų ir biurokratų. Tradicinis normatyvinis šių santykių traktavimas praktikoje neįsitvirtino, todėl iškilo poreikis sukurti naują modelį, kuris pagrįstų ir įteisintų praktikoje vyraujantį jų pobūdį. Tokį modelį sukūrė J. H. Svara. Modelio pavadinimu išreiškiama viešajame sektoriuje įsitvirtinusi santykių praktikos specifika – papildomumas. Tačiau šis modelis susilaukė kritikos iš politikos ir administravimo dichotomijos modelio šalininkų. Šiame straipsnyje analizuojamos politikos ir administravimo dichotomijos bei papildomumo modelių formulavimo prielaidos, apibrėžiamas jų konceptualinis turinys bei nustatomi šių modelių trūkumai, atliekama papildomumo modelio analizė viešojo valdymo reformos aspektu. Šio straipsnio tikslas yra viešojo administravimo vaidmens sprendimų priėmimo procese ir to vaidmens legitimumo tolesnis problematizavimas politikos ir administravimo santykių modeliavimo kontekste.

An influence of the electronic governance means for the public sector reform of interaction with the community and other governance institutions is analyzed in this article. The advantage of electronic governance usage in the cases of the creation of public value and the elimination of negative factors in the public administration sphere is discussed too. The success principles of the electronic governance implementation for the selection of electronic governance policy directions and the priorities of the state long term strategy are analyzed in detail. Lastly, the impact of electronic governance means for the effective transformation of public administration is also widely discussed there. ; Straipsnyje analizuojami elektroninės valdžios sėkmingo įgyvendinimo principai, leidžiantys efektyviai transformuoti viešąjį sektorių ir jo ryšį su visuomene. Analizuojama elektroninės valdžios įtaka keičiant viešojo sektoriaus sąveikavimo su visuomene procesus efektyvaus administravimo linkme, įvertinamos konkrečios galimybės elektroninės valdžios priemonėmis pašalinti neigiamus valstybės valdymo aspektus, aptariama elektroninės valdžios įtaka kuriant viešąją vertę.

The article analyses influence of constitutional regulation on development of local governance in the Republic of Lithuania and show the setting of the prerogative limits of legislators in the areas of administrative partition of state territory and organization of local governance. According to analysis of the provisions of the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania and resolutions of the Constitutional Court, the wide prerogatives of legislators to specify and elaborate the main principles of organization of local governance that are established in the Constitution and to regulate other issues related to development of this governance by law are shown. The article shows that provisions of the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania do not make any difficulties in implementation of changes in the area of organization of local governance. ; Straipsnyje analizuojama konstitucinio reguliavimo įtaka vietos valdymo raidai Lietuvos Respublikos aukštesniuosiuose administraciniuose vienetuose, nustatomos įstatymų leidėjo prerogatyvų ribos valstybės teritorijos administracinio suskirstymo ir vietos valdymo organizavimo srityse. Remiantis Lietuvos Respublikos Konstitucijos nuostatų ir Konstitucinio teismo nutarimų turinio analize, pateiktos įstatymų leidėjo plačios prerogatyvos įstatymais konkretizuoti ir detalizuoti Konstitucijoje įtvirtintus pagrindinius vietos valdymo organizavimo principus, reguliuoti kitus su šio valdymo raida susijusius klausimus, pagrindžiama, kad Lietuvos Respublikos Konstitucijos nuostatos neapsunkina pokyčių įgyvendinimo vietos valdymo organizavimo srityje.

Aiming to identify the trends of county and regional governance transformation after the Parliamentary elections of 2008, the article analyses the guidelines of the following documents: the election programmes of different political parties, the agreement of the ruling coalition, and the Government Programme. The discussion regarding the future of the counties is finalized in the Government Programme, which states that counties have to be dissolved. It is stated that the Government speaks up for the assignment of the county functions to municipalities; it is planned to give self-government rights to regions; institutions of the regions should be formed on the principle of delegation. A two tier territorial self-government system should be formed in Lithuania. The article shows that a detailed plan of implementation of the county and regional governance reform does not yet exist. ; Siekiant nustatyti Lietuvos Respublikos apskričių ir regionų valdymo transformacijų kryptis po 2008 m. rinkimų į Seimą, straipsnyje analizuojamos politinių partijų rinkimų programos, valdančiosios koalicijos sutarties ir Vyriausybės programos nuostatos. Atkreipiamas dėmesys į dabartinės Vyriausybės programą, kurioje nurodyta, kad apskritys bus naikinamos, pasisakoma už apskričių viršininkų administracijų funkcijų perdavimą savivaldybėms, planuojama suteikti savivaldos teisę regionams, formuojant jų valdymo institucijas laikantis delegavimo principo.

The analysis of public governance modernization and reform shows that public governance reform for each region and country has universality and specific features. Reform trajectories can be divided, described and explained as the trajectories of development methodology, mechanisms and instruments of ongoing reforms. The author, based on the opportunities of meta-analysis, classification and theoretic modeling methods, in the article seeks to indicate the essence of the main factors, trajectories and problems in the process of construction and implementation of public governance reform and modernization in the first decade of the 21st century. The aim of the article is to discuss and to show methodological aspects of the content of public governance reform and the impact of global change in a period of public governance evolution from the paradigm of the New Public Management to the New Public Governance. The author pays particular attention to the necessity to analyze and to explain the positions of theoretical constructs and to analyze the complexity of public governance reforms, as the modernization of bureaucratic form of governance, problems of centralization and decentralization, the creation of new innovative forms of inter-sector partnership, cross-sector interaction and the development of networking, hybrid organization as the modern form of creation of public value. Finally, the identification of content and complexity of public governance reform can help to define the main tendencies and trajectories, seeking to improve the quality of reform processes. ; Teoriniai-metodologiniai viešojo valdymo analizės, šiuolaikinių modernaus valdymo kaitos, reformų ir pokyčių globaliame pasaulyje tyrimai yra itin svarbūs šiuolaikinių politinių, administracinių, socialinių procesų sąveikos ir ryšių tarp jų, integracinių procesų pažinimo, interpretavimo kontekste, kai atsiranda naujos ryšių ir sąveikos tarp valstybės ir visuomenės valdymo institucijų ir piliečių formos. Visa tai yra globalaus valdymo institucinių struktūrų, jų dinamikos, veiklos valdymo praktikos tobulinimo esminės indikacijos, nuo kurių priklauso naujojo viešojo valdymo vystymosi tendencijos, modernizavimo iššūkiai ir naujų, pažangesnių ir inovatyvesnių valdymo formų įsitvirtinimas, rengiant ir įgyvendinant valstybės strategines nuostatas ir kryptis, įvairių lygių viešąsias programas, sujungiant visų valstybės sektorių, valdymo formų, struktūrinių darinių išteklių galimybes. Daugiausia dėmesio straipsnyje skiriama modernaus viešojo valdymo reformų sampratos, jų klasifikavimo pagal įvairius indikatorius, vidinės ir išorinės organizacijų aplinkos faktorių poveikio, reformų procesų sėkmės prielaidų, trukdžių identifikavimui, viešojo valdymo reformų tendencijų prognostiniam eksplanavimui.