Suchergebnisse

The developmental state approach has been getting currency after the 'East-Asian miracle' has been taken as a success story by different scholars, analysts and the international community. Nowadays, a global focus is also being given on building a democratic-developmental state in developing countries including Ethiopia. In this case, in addition to building its own institutions, a particular state is expected to work closely with non-state actors including the civil society which will enable it to achieve its democratic and developmental goals. The main purpose of this study was to identify, describe and produce an analysis of the Ethiopian developmental state approach and the potential role local NGOs in democratic governance. A semi-structured and in-depth interview schedules have been prepared and distributed to a purposefully selected four local NGOs, one consultation forum and concerned government institution. The selected NGOs have been operating for more than ten years, so that their activities can be assessed vis-à-vis the Ethiopian developmental state approach that has become an official government's paradigm in the last ten years or so. The results of the study showed that, the role of local NGOs in democratic governance is important and can promote a democratic developmental state's agenda. Additionally, the government should play a vital role by strengthening the playing ground for non-state actors including the civil society and achieve a democratic developmental state's objective. The paper contributes to a better understanding of the importance of and attitude towards local NGOs in the realm of a democratic-developmental state paradigm. Based on the results, it can serves as a basis for further research in the field.

For more than a decade the program e-Government or use and utilization of Teknonogi Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in Indonesia implemented since the issuance of the Presidential Instruction (Presidential Instruction no 3 of 2003 on the National Strategy and Policy Development of e-Government of Indonesia. But then the performance of the e-Government Indonesia has not yet found an ideal performance. A fact and data stated that in the year 2016 Indonesia rated to 116 world version e-Government Development Index (EGDI), down 10 stages compared to the year 2014 which ranked to 106. This condition is still far under the countries in Southeast Asia such as Singapore (stages the 4), Malaysia (60th stage), the Philippines (stages to-71), and Brunei Darussalam (ranked 83th birthday). Meanwhile, the value of the Online Service Index (OSI), and Telecommunication Infrastructure Index (BAWAH) Indonesia also is still below the regional average of Asia. Indonesia is located on numbers 0,3623 on OSI, and 0,3016 on Transparency International Indonesia, while in the Asian region the average OSI on numbers 0,5120 and Transparency International Indonesia on numbers 0,3730. Through this writing, author attempt to offer some ideas to follow rentak and rhythm of the emergence of new theories in science that seems to the government cannot be expected to again be a player or single agent in e-Government development program, but sinergitas one of four players going around the large orbit named governance (styler-kelolaan) together with private parties who have creativity, among universities academics/ professionals who have the ideas and the idea of smartphone, and society widely, so that the government of the owner the authority is able to guarantee the implementation of all celebration with unrest and with the result that deserves.

Household water insecurity has serious implications for the health, livelihoods and wellbeing of people around the world. Existing methods to assess the state of household water insecurity focus largely on water quality, quantity or adequacy, source or reliability, and affordability. These methods have significant advantages in terms of their simplicity and comparability, but are widely recognized to oversimplify and underestimate the global burden of household water insecurity. In contrast, a broader definition of household water insecurity should include entitlements and human capabilities, sociocultural dynamics, and political institutions and processes. This paper proposes a mix of qualitative and quantitative methods that can be widely adopted across cultural, geographic, and demographic contexts to assess hard-to-measure dimensions of household water insecurity. In doing so, it critically evaluates existing methods for assessing household water insecurity and suggests ways in which methodological innovations advance a broader definition of household water insecurity.

The institution of the hereditary headmanship of the Bafokeng traditional community in the North West Province, South Africa has been in existence from time immemorial. It survived the calamities and vicissitudes of both the colonial and the apartheid regimes. The question asked here is whether the hereditary headmanship is relevant in the new constitutional dispensation or, to put the question differently, whether this customary practice is in line with the dictates and ethos of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 (the Constitution). This article asserts that the customary practice of hereditary headmanship of Bafokeng is still apposite and fitting in the new South Africa. In particular, it is in accord with the Constitution, as is the customary practice of the Cala community in the Eastern Cape, which requires its headmen to be elected by members of the community from time to time.

Unlike the situation in the past, when local government's role was limited to service delivery, local government is now constitutionally mandated to play an expanded developmental role. As a "co-responsible" sphere of government, local government is obliged to contribute towards realising the transformative constitutional mandate aimed at social justice. South African scholars and jurists share the view that social justice is primarily concerned with the eradication of poverty and extreme inequalities in access to basic services, and aims to ensure that poor people command sufficient material resources to facilitate their equal participation in socio-political life. In order to enable municipalities to fulfil their broad constitutional mandate, the system of integrated development planning (IDPs) came into effect in South Africa in 2000. Each municipality is obliged to design, adopt and implement an integrated development plan in order to achieve its expanded constitutional mandate. The IDP is considered to be the chief legally prescribed governance instrument for South African municipalities. The purpose of this article is to explore and critically investigate the relevance and potential of IDPs in contributing towards the achievement of social justice in South Africa. This article argues inter alia that the multitude of sectors that converge in an IDP makes it directly relevant and gives it enormous potential to contribute towards social justice because, depending on the context, municipalities could include and implement strategies that specifically respond to diverse areas of human need. In this regard, the legal and policy frameworks for IDPs provide a structured scheme that could be used by municipalities to prioritise and meet the basic needs of especially the poor. Despite its potential, it is argued that the ability of IDPs to respond to the basic needs of the poor is largely constrained by a series of implementation challenges partly attributed to the underlying legal and policy framework.

The institution of the hereditary headmanship of the Bafokeng traditional community in the North West Province, South Africa has been in existence from time immemorial. It survived the calamities and vicissitudes of both the colonial and the apartheid regimes. The question asked here is whether the hereditary headmanship is relevant in the new constitutional dispensation or, to put the question differently, whether this customary practice is in line with the dictates and ethos of the Constitution. This article asserts that the customary practice of hereditary headmanship of Bafokeng is still apposite and fitting in the new South Africa. In particular, it is in accord with the Constitution, as is the customary practice of the Cala community in the Eastern Cape, which requires its headmen to be elected by members of the community from time to time.

Household water insecurity has serious implications for the health, livelihoods and wellbeing of people around the world. Existing methods to assess the state of household water insecurity focus largely on water quality, quantity or adequacy, source or reliability, and affordability. These methods have significant advantages in terms of their simplicity and comparability, but are widely recognized to oversimplify and underestimate the global burden of household water insecurity. In contrast, a broader definition of household water insecurity should include entitlements and human capabilities, socio-cultural dynamics, and political institutions and processes. This paper proposes a mix of qualitative and quantitative methods that can be widely adopted across cultural, geographic, and demographic contexts to assess hard-to measure dimensions of household water insecurity. In doing so, it critically evaluates existing methods for assessing household water insecurity and suggests ways in which methodological innovations advance a broader definition of household water insecurity.

The article considers the essence of gender equality in urban governance. The analysis of gender ratio in the public service ofUkraineis carried out. It revealed that the highest disparities observed in the western regions, the lowest – in the eastern and southern. Spatial and temporal analysis of gender ratios in urban governance inUkrainein 2009-2015 years is conducted; regional peculiarities of these ratios are identified. The main trends in gender ratios in urban governance inUkraine's regions are revealed. In particular, the percentage of female mayors inUkraineas a whole tended to reduce; in investigated period,Ukraine's regions are characterized by different patterns of change in the proportion of female mayors. No female were elected on mayor only in Cherkasy region; after the elections in 2010-2015 women are not elected as mayors in Vinnitsa, Mykolayiv, Sumy and Kherson regions.From 2009 to 2015 regions with the highest share of female mayors is constantly changed, which was due primarily to the electoral preferences of different political forces and, consequently, their nominees for the heads of municipal councils. The most adverse dynamics of gender ratio in the urban governance is observed in Mykolayiv andSumyregions, and the most favorable – in Zaporizhzhya, Dnipropetrovsk, Volyn, Kirovohrad and Ivano-Frankivsk regions. The set of maps reflecting the spatial-temporal variation in gender ratios in urban governance inUkraineis developed. ; Определена сущность гендерного равенства в управлении городами. Проанализировано соотношение мужчин и женщин в государственной службе Украины, выявлены региональные особенности и отличия. Осуществлен пространственно-часовой анализ гендерных соотношений в сфере управления городами Украины за период 2009-2015 годов, выделены региональные особенности их проявления. Разработано серию картосхем, которые отражают пространственно-часовые отличия гендерных соотношений в управлении городами в регионах Украины. Определены основные тенденции динамики гендерных соотношений в городском управлении в городах Украины. ; Визначено сутність гендерної рівності в управлінні містами. Проаналізовано співвідношення чоловіків і жінок в державній службі України, виявлено регіональні особливості та відміни. Здійснено просторово-часовий аналіз гендерних співвідношень в сфері управління містами України за період 2009-2015 років, виділено регіональні особливості їх прояву. Розроблено серію картосхем, що відображають просторово-часові відміни гендерних співвідношень в управлінні містами в регіонах України. Визначено основні тенденції динаміки гендерних співвідношень в міському управлінні в регіонах України.