Suchergebnisse

ABSTRACTThe state often struggles to meet citizens' demands but confronts strong public pressure to do so. What does the state do when public expectations exceed its actual governing capacity? This article shows that the state can respond by engaging in performative governance—the theatrical deployment of language, symbols, and gestures to foster an impression of good governance among citizens. Performative governance should be distinguished from other types of state behavior, such as inertia, paternalism, and the substantive satisfaction of citizens' demands. The author illustrates this concept in the realm of environmental governance in China. Given the severity of China's environmental pollution, the resulting public outcry, and the logistical and political challenges involved in solving the problem, how can the state redeem itself? Ethnographic evidence from participant observation at a municipal environmental protection bureau reveals that when bureaucrats are confronted with the dual burdens of low state capacity and high public scrutiny, they engage in performative governance to assuage citizens' complaints. This study draws attention to the double meaning of "performance" in political contexts, and the essential distinction between the substantive and the theatrical.

Abstract
Since the 1990s, western, developed countries have moved away from rule-making and standard-setting in multilateral intergovernmental organizations and have increasingly collaborated on those matters in clubs of developed countries, such as trans-governmental regulatory networks. Although clubs often generate rules or standards that affect developing countries, the latter have not had a voice in rule-making, resulting in a 'participation gap', for which clubs are being criticized. Against this background, I analyse a recent development that has largely gone unnoticed: Clubs have been integrating previously excluded developing countries. From small and exclusive clubs, they are growing into larger and more inclusive clubs. I call this trajectory of the past seventy years – the establishment of intergovernmental organizations, their increasing displacement in favour of clubs, and the recent reversion towards larger clubs – accordion governance. Like an accordion that expands or contracts as needed, so too have governance models and rule-making adjusted to changing conditions and preferences by becoming more or less inclusive. Focusing on club expansion, I address three questions: (1) How has participation – and the rules governing it – evolved over time? (2) Why are governments voluntarily sharing rule-making authority with new participants? (3) Can these reforms close the participation gap in international rule-making?

Public sector innovation labs are becoming an increasingly visible instrument in public sector innovation and experimentation. Proponents of these labs claim they can play an important role in addressing pressing social challenges, changing government structures and thereby shaping ideas and practices of future governance. Whilst some research has been carried out on public innovation labs, the focus of inquiry has been primarily on the emergence, models and activities of labs in Europe and North America. This paper attempts to contribute to this growing body of research by bringing forth some of the particularities of this phenomenon as it emerges in Latin America. Using as starting point three experimental interests identified in the available literature, namely increasing flexibilization of public procedures, developing methods for citizen engagement and experimental development of public policies, the paper presents insights and observations from a study of ten public sector innovation labs in Latin America. In particular, our focus is on how these interests are confronted with different realities and therefore what kind of challenges the labs face. Experimentation in Latin America seems to concern not only flexibilization, engagement and public policies; it also includes juggling with the tensions arising from budgetary constraints, the need to weave networks of regional labs to collaborate and finally the need to align their agendas to those of other institutions, while being accountable to different levels of society. This places Latin American labs in a different light than their European and North American counterparts. ; Peer reviewed

Despite the benefits of rebel governance such as increased legitimacy and resource extraction, providing governance is also costly for rebel groups, as it entails constant investment of time and money as well as the need to protect their properties and territories. Rebels, therefore, weigh the costs of providing governance against the benefits in their decision to provide governance. In this paper, we explore the impact of pro-government militias (PGMs) on the cost-benefit analysis of rebel governance. We argue that governance becomes a suboptimal strategy for rebel groups in the presence of semi-official PGMs but not informal PGMs. This is because semi-official PGMs' relationship with the government makes them more formally accountable to the government, which effectively bolsters the counterinsurgency capabilities of the state (and thereby weakens rebels) through providing credible and timely intelligence and undermining civilians support for the rebels, and even allowing rebel defection. We test our argument using data on rebel governance and PGMs and indeed find that semi-official—but not informal—PGMs decrease the likelihood of rebel governance.

The changes due to the social and political aspect around the world, which began around the 70's, contributed to rethink a new model [or models] of public management. This structural change in the Brazilian State, which some authors define as Governance, is the starting point for this work. Thus, the objective of this work is to stimulate and contribute to a theoretical construction of Governance and its application to the touristic governance. With a qualitative approach, the bibliographic research was used as a technique in engendering this work, focusing on the readings on Public Governance, New Public Management and Tourism Governance. Among the results achieved are the identification of divergences or lack of precision of the concept of governance and the identification of common elements in the literature that may help a better understanding of this construct.

This article aims to explain the need for changing the model from participatory governance to collaborative governance in disaster tourism management. This research utilized a descriptive qualitative approach. The findings revealed that sustainable tourism development is crucial and must receive careful attention within a comprehensive national development framework. In the current era, the government cannot carry out tourism development independently given the limited capacity and provide sufficient space for increasingly active private and public participation. Sustainable tourism development can be performed through a collaborative governance model involving various stakeholders. The development of a collaborative model can be conducted through the comprehensive participation stage of non-government stakeholders. With maximum participation, there will be a solid network to create partnerships as the final form of collaboration.

Abstract Inclusive and equitable collaboration of actors has increasingly been recognized as an essential element for successful governance in large-scale biodiversity conservation. However, there is still limited empirical evidence of the role of collaboration arrangements in establishing and maintaining governance, especially in megadiverse tropical landscapes. Social network analysis was applied to map the collaborative network between the actors involved in the governance of a mosaic of protected areas in Brazil and test whether the network displayed relational patterns favorable to good governance. The network is dense and diversified, containing a variety of actors and horizontal collaboration arrangements between groups. These structural aspects are consistent with a network promoting inclusive and equitable engagement. The analysis also identified some risks and challenges that provide useful information to improve governance effectiveness.

Im Jahr 2015 verabschiedeten die Vereinten Nationen die Agenda 2030 für nachhaltige Entwicklung. Die Agenda 2030 beinhaltet mit den Sustainable Development Goals 17 Ziele für eine sozial, wirtschaftlich und ökologisch nachhaltige Entwicklung, zu denen sich die Weltgemeinschaft bekannt hat. Die aktuellen Entwicklungen deuten jedoch nicht daraufhin, dass die SDGs im Jahr 2030 erreicht werden. Insbesondere mit Blick auf die planetaren Belastbarkeitsgrenzen, deren Überschreitung dramatische Folgen für das Öko-system bedeutet und damit die Lebensgrundlage der Menschheit gefährdet, herrscht ein akuter Handlungsbedarf. Die Umsetzung von Nachhaltigkeit stellt folglich nach wie vor eine große Herausforderung dar und bedarf wissenschaftlicher Aufarbeitung. Sowohl in der wissenschaftlichen als auch in der politischen Diskussion werden Governance bzw. Governance Modi als zentral angesehen, um die dynamischen, sektorübergreifenden und langfristigen Herausforderungen nachhaltiger Entwicklung zu bewältigen. Es besteht je-doch eine große Unklarheit darüber, wie Nachhaltigkeit durch verschiedene Governance Modi gefördert werden kann. Die vorliegende Dissertation nimmt sich dieser Fragestel-lung an und untersucht sie in dem organisationalen Feld der deutschen Landwirtschaft. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, die Frage zu beantworten, wie Nachhaltigkeit durch verschiedene Governance Modi innerhalb der deutschen Landwirtschaft gestärkt werden kann. Hierfür wird zunächst der aktuelle Stand der Forschung zu Governance im Zusammenhang mit Nachhaltigkeit dargelegt. Die Governance Modi Regulierung, Selbstregulierung und Col-laborative Governance werden theoretisch eingeführt und in drei eigenständigen Studien empirisch untersucht. Diese Arbeit zeigt, wie die verschiedenen Governance Modi funkti-onieren und Veränderungen in Richtung Nachhaltigkeit innerhalb der deutschen Land-wirtschaft bewirken können. Neben dem wissenschaftlichen Beitrag für die Literatur in den Bereichen Nachhaltigkeit und Governance liefert die Arbeit einen praktischen Mehr-wert für CG-Manager_innen sowie für Institutionen der Regulierung und der Selbstregu-lierung, die positive Auswirkungen auf die Nachhaltigkeit in einem organisationalen Feld bewirken wollen. Es wird deutlich, dass es keine Einheitslösung gibt, wenn es um die Förderung von Nachhaltigkeit durch Governance Modi geht. Die Eignung und auch die Wirkung der jeweiligen Governance Modi ist von dem jeweiligen Kontext abhängig.

In this study, we analyze the quality of governance in Turkey by using worldwide governance indicators (WGIs), namely, voice and accountability (VA), political stability and absence of violence (PV), government effectiveness (GE), regulatory quality (RQ), rule of law (RL), and control of corruption (CC) which aggregate 6 dimensions of governance. In that regard, we employ principal component analysis (PCA) to construct a composite governance index (CGI) for Turkey over the 2002-2017 period. We find that the CGI creates proper signals to both economic and political disequlibriums observed in the post-2001 financial crisis era. Our findings underline an effective regulatory framework for monitoring the quality of governance and accordingly suggests the CGI as a policy tool.

− Agency is one of five core analytical problems in the Earth System Governance (ESG) Project's research framework, which offers a unique approach to the study of environmental governance. − Agency in Earth System Governance draws lessons from ESG–Agency research through a systematic review of 322 peer-reviewed journal articles published between 2008 and 2016 and contained in the ESG–Agency Harvesting Database.− ESG–Agency research draws on diverse disciplinary perspectives with distinct clusters of scholars rooted in the fields of global environmental politics, policy studies, and socio-ecological systems. − Collectively, the chapters in Agency in Earth System Governance provide an accessible synthesis of some of the field's major questions and debates and a state-of-the-art understanding of how diverse actors engage with and exercise authority in environmental governance.