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"Serial no. 107-133." ; Shipping list no.: 2003-0107-P. ; Distributed to some depository libraries in microfiche. ; Includes bibliographical references. ; Mode of access: Internet.

The electrical industry is undergoing a deep digital transformation towards the consolidation of smart grids, which requires a high demand of data and information systems involved in the processes. Open data initiatives, which have been focused on open governance to a great extent, generate positive impacts on society and the economy in terms of easy access to public resources, agility, and transparency. These initiatives can also be adopted in the electrical industry (i.e., power, electrical, and energy systems) for customer engagement, collaboration with other industries, and reaching consensus. This study proposes the implementation of an open data solution for the electrical industry through the deployment of a data hub that offers digital services for smart city applications and the integration of the X-Road system to improve the security and interoperability of open data. This initiative aims to promote a wider adoption of open data in the electrical industry and prepare the latter for fully connected and collaborative digital ecosystems in smart cities, industries, and governments. This study also proposes an open data architecture for the interoperability of the electrical industry with other digital industries (through a Smart City Hub and the adoption of 5G technology), and it reports some relevant results and major findings in this regard. This paper highlights the benefits of promoting open data and technological strategies for digitized electrical systems while considering humans an essential factor. Finally, it discusses the pros and cons of the integration of X-Road with the electrical industry under the concept of smart grids for data exchange and potential applications. ; La industria eléctrica está experimentando una profunda transformación digital hacia la consolidación de redes inteligentes, que necesita una alta demanda de datos y sistemas de información involucrados en los procesos. Las iniciativas de datos abiertos, que en mayor medida han sido empleadas para iniciativas de gobierno abierto, generan impactos positivos en la sociedad y la economía en cuanto al fácil acceso a los recursos públicos, la agilidad y la transparencia. Estas iniciativas también se pueden adoptar en la industria eléctrica para sistemas de potencia, eléctricos y de energía para su uso en la participación de los clientes, la colaboración y la mejora de consenso en industrias. Esta investigación propone la implementación de una solución de datos abiertos para la industria eléctrica mediante el despliegue de un Hub que ofrece servicios digitales para aplicaciones de ciudad inteligente y la integración del sistema X-Road para mejorar la seguridad e interoperabilidad de los datos abiertos. Esta iniciativa pretende una adopción más amplia de datos abiertos en la industria eléctrica y su preparación para ecosistemas digitales totalmente conectados y colaborativos en ciudades inteligentes, industrias y gobierno. Se muestran algunos resultados relevantes y hallazgos importantes de este trabajo acerca de una arquitectura de datos abiertos para la interoperabilidad del sector eléctrico con otras industrias digitales a través de un Smart City Hub y la adopción tecnológica de 5G, exponiendo los beneficios de promover los datos abiertos y estrategias tecnológicas para sistemas eléctricos digitalizados mientras se considera el humano como factor esencial. Se discuten los pros y los contras de la integración de X-Road con la industria eléctrica dentro del concepto de redes inteligentes para el intercambio de datos y aplicaciones potenciales.

This Position Paper contains statements drafted by several Research Groups at the Weizenbaum Institute concerning the Data Governance Act (DGA) Proposal. Each statement is followed by a short explanation. The purpose of this Paper is to highlight a number of important aspects of the DGA Proposal and stimulate the debate around it with a special emphasis on the part that concerns regulation of data sharing services (Chapter III, DGA Proposal). The Paper touches upon a number of selected matters without the ambition to cover all the important issues the DGA legislation raises. The statements address the potential risks in creating a centralized architecture for data intermediaries, the problem of imposing a duty on data sharing services to offer data on a non-discriminatory basis, the role and expertise supervision authorities will need to assume and exercise and questions regarding the interface between the anticipated DGA and existing data protection law in the EU. The Paper includes a number of specific recommendations regarding the formulation of several DGA provisions, specifically in connection with its intersection points with the GDPR.

approximating the objectives set by the legislation of the Experimental Schools finds that educational reforms are not independent of the socio-economic, cultural and political factors of the historical moment they are taking place. Using the Historical Comparative Analysis and the Interpretative Cycle, the aim is to approximate the legislative reforms relating to the Experimental Schools and their reversals. The aim of the work is to describe and compare the two main reforms concerning the Experimental Schools in Greece of 1929 (Governance of Venizelos) and 2011 (Government of Papandreou); with regard to the environment in which they have taken place and their reversals, the legislative changes that have taken place as the social, economic and political environment has changed.It should be noted that following the implementation of a comprehensive reform of the legislation concerning the Experimental Schools, and as the overall environment changes, changes are being made to individual, but important, points leading to a change in the overall original culture of the legislation making it; ultimately, non-functional.The comparative review of the legislation of the Experimental Schools, depending on the factors that have shaped it, leads to a deeper understanding of how the Experimental Schools operate and is a useful tool for formulating alternative proposals and critically considering proposed legislative changes. ; Προσεγγίζοντας τους στόχους που θέτει η νομοθεσία των Πειραματικών Σχολείων διαπιστώνεται πως οι εκπαιδευτικές μεταρρυθμίσεις δεν είναι ανεξάρτητες από τους κοινωνικοοικονομικούς, πολιτισμικούς και πολιτικούς παράγοντες της ιστορικής στιγμής που συμβαίνουν. Με εργαλεία την Ιστορική Συγκριτική Ανάλυση και τον Ερμηνευτικό Κύκλο, επιχειρείται η προσέγγιση των νομοθετικών μεταρρυθμίσεων που αφορούν στα Πειραματικά Σχολεία και των ανατροπών τους.Σκοπός της εργασίας είναι η περιγραφή και συγκριτική θεώρηση των δυο κύριων μεταρρυθμίσεων που αφορούν τα Πειραματικά Σχολεία στην Ελλάδα, του 1929 (Κυβέρνηση ...

Research in the field of Global Environmental Governance (GEG) pays considerable attention to the emergence of New Governance Mechanisms (NGM). NGM poses profound challenges to governments and institutions in the Developed and Developing world alike, corresponding to new ways of participation. This article seeks to contribute to the debates on NGM by analyzing a municipal-level environmental governance scheme based on deforestation-free commitments emerged in 2011, in Brazil, that has successfully helped to reduce deforestation in the participant municipalities; the Programa Municípios Verdes (PMV). We also shed some lights on the risks represented by promises of changes in federal environmental legislation by the newly elected government of Brazil. It is secondary research based on official data analysis that provided a cost-effective way of gaining a broad understanding of the integration of multi-level climate change mitigation and adaptation policies as well as a report of the governance of policy instruments in local governance schemes. Methodologically we rely on the method of content analysis, based on the study of the PMV Statistical Database, that gives visibility to a broad range of environmental, social, and territorial data and information for the 144 municipalities of the Pará State, through six different types of official reports. ; La investigación en el campo de la gobernanza ambiental global (GEG) presta una atención considerable a la aparición de Nuevos Mecanismos de Gobernanza (NMG). NMGs plantean desafíos profundos a los gobiernos e instituciones en el mundo Desarrollado y en Desarrollo por igual, correspondientes a nuevas formas de participación. Este artículo busca contribuir a los debates sobre NMGs mediante el análisis de un esquema de gobierno ambiental a nivel municipal basado en compromisos libres de deforestación surgido en 2011 en Brasil, que ha ayudado con éxito a reducir la deforestación en los municipios participantes; El Programa Municipios Verdes (PMV). También arrojamos algunas luces sobre los riesgos representados por las promesas de cambios en la legislación ambiental federal por parte del nuevo gobierno electo de Brasil. Es una investigación secundaria basada en el análisis de datos oficiales que brindó una manera rentable de obtener una comprensión amplia de la integración de las políticas de mitigación y adaptación al cambio climático en varios niveles y en el nivel local, así como un informe de la gobernanza de los instrumentos de política en NMGs. Metodológicamente, nos basamos en el método de análisis de datos y texto, basado en el estudio de la base de dados estadísticos del PMV, que da visibilidad a una amplia gama de datos e información ambiental, social y territorial de los 144 municipios del estado de Pará, a través de seis tipos diferentes de informes oficiales.