Institutional analysis and analysis of documents of key educational integration processes in Europe: Bologna process and Copenhagen process. Revelation of mechanisms of governance of educational areas created on the basis of these processes and comparison of this mechanisms with ones of governance of the common space of research and education including cultural aspects that is being build between the EU and Russia. Conclusions: no single center in Bologna process, in spite of existence of the Bologna Follow-Up Group as formal governance body; the governance body of Copenhagen process is definite and it is the same organization that started the process; such model is more efficient.
The article deals with governance system improvement with public property in the course of innovation activity. The main governance principles with public property are picked out and innovation tendencies of governance system improvement with public property are determined.
Ключевые слова: глобальное управление, Европейский союз, Китай, Комиссия ООН по глобальному управлению, мировое развитие, многостороннее сотрудничество, китайская концепция. = Key words: Global governance, the European Union, China, the UN Commission on Global Governance, world development, multilateral cooperation, the Chinese concept. ; Статья посвящена термину «глобальное управление», который политические лидеры государств и эксперты стали часто употреблять с началом финансового кризиса. Автор рассматривает позиции Европейского союза и Китая по данной концепции в качестве инструмента внешней политики и приходит к выводу, что, несмотря на тот факт, что ЕС и Китай поддерживают принципы глобального управления, представления обеих сторон о концепции отличаются. Причина заключается в том, что культурные традиции, политические идеологии, экономические интересы, институциональные системы, а также отношение к суверенитету обоих акторов различаются. К тому же нынешняя слабость Евросоюза и внешняя политика государств-членов ограничивают его способность формировать систему глобального управления. = This article deals with the term «global governance» that state officials and intellectuals started to use more frequently after the financial cri-sis stuck. The author considers the EU's and China's attitudes towards this concept as a foreign policy tool. The author concludes that, although the EU and China advocate global governance, both sides have different un-derstanding of the concepts of global governance. The reasons are different cultural traditions, political ideologies, economic interests, institutional systems and ideas of sovereignty. Besides the EU's current weakness and national foreign policies impede its ability to shape the system of global governance.
Гриднев Д. А. Проблемы управления системой военного образования в период реформы / Д. А. Гриднев // Известия Уральского федерального университета. Сер. 1, Проблемы образования, науки и культуры. — 2013. — № 2 (113). — С. 187-202.The article discusses the features of the system of military education in modern Russia. The study focuses on the problems, which if failed to take into account might influence the effectiveness of the system investigated in a negative way. It can also have a negative impact on the staffing of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federations by the skilled officers' personnel. ; Гриднев Д. А. Проблемы управления системой военного образования в период реформы / Д. А. Гриднев // Известия Уральского федерального университета. Сер. 1, Проблемы образования, науки и культуры. — 2013. — № 2 (113). — С. 187-202.The article discusses the features of the system of military education in modern Russia. The study focuses on the problems, which if failed to take into account might influence the effectiveness of the system investigated in a negative way. It can also have a negative impact on the staffing of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federations by the skilled officers' personnel.
Раздел I «Актуальные проблемы международного публичного права» ; Настоящая статья посвящена вопросам демократии в современной западной международно-правовой доктрине. В первой части статьи предлагается обзор международно-правовых теорий демократии, вторая часть посвящена взглядам на роль международного гражданского общества в решении проблемы демократического дефицита на международном уровне, в третьей части освещены исследования международного правления. = Present article analyzes the issues of democracy in contemporary Western international law doctrine. Firstly the theories of democracy in international law are discussed, than presented are views on the role of international civil society in the elimination of the democratic deficit at the international level and finally international governance studies are briefed.
На основе архивных документов рассмотрена система управления деятельностью Белорусской ССР в ЮНЕСКО в первые десять лет после вступления и выделены ее отдельные элементы. При этом отмечается, что республиканская система была частью общесоюзной, с ЦК КПСС на вершине. Партийное руководство интерпретировало мирное сосуществование, сотрудничество и соревнование социалистических и капиталистических государств в духовной сфере как форму классовой борьбы, аргументируя тем самым право на общее руководство и контроль. В статье выявлена роль МИД республики как организатора и координатора оперативной деятельности БССР в ЮНЕСКО, охарактеризовано его взаимодействие с ЦК КПБ, Комиссией Белорусской ССР по делам ЮНЕСКО, другими ведомствами, а также с общественными организациями. Обширный фактический материал, отражающий управление деятельностью Белорусской ССР в ЮНЕСКО, в совокупности с критериями, разработанными юридической наукой, дает основание отнести республику к субъектам международного права, но с ограниченной правоспособностью. = On the basis of archival documents governance operations management system of the Byelorussian SSR in UNESCO in the first ten years after its entry is being reviewed and some particular elements of it are being highlighted. Whereby, it is noted that the republican system was part of the all-union one, with the CPSU Central Committee on top. The party leaders expounded peaceful coexistence, cooperation and competition between socialist and capitalist states in the spiritual realm as a form of class struggle, arguing thus the standing to the overall management and control. The article reveals the role of the Republic's MFA as the organizer and coordinator of the operational activities of the Byelorussian SSR in UNESCO, characterizes its interaction with the CPB Central Committee, Committee of the Byelorussian SSR for UNESCO's job and other agencies, as well as with civil society organizations. An extensive factual material that reflects the operations management of the Byelorussian SSR in UNESCO in con-junction with the criteria developed by legal science give reason to designate the Republic as subject of international law, but with limited legal capacity.
Kunnat ovat suuren muutoksen keskellä. Kuntarakenneuudistus sekä sosiaali- ja terveydenhuollon palvelurakenneuudistus tulevat muuttamaan kuntien hallintoa merkittävästi. Kari Hakarin tutkimus tarkastelee yhden suuren kaupungin hallinnonuudistusta uuden julkisen hallinnan teorian näkökulmasta. Uusi julkinen hallinta on kunnallishallinnon uudistamisen kolmas vaihe, joka on kehittynyt perinteisestä julkishallinnosta ja tätä seuranneesta uudesta julkisjohtamisesta. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena on arvioida, onko uudesta julkisesta hallinnasta kuntien hallinnonuudistusten uudeksi suunnaksi. Tutkimuksella tuetaan myös kuntien käytännön kehittämistoimintaa. Tutkimuskohteena on Tampereen kaupungin toteuttama kokonaisvaltainen toimintamallin uudistus. Uudistus muodostuu kolmesta osasta: pormestarijärjestelmästä, tilaaja–tuottaja-mallista sekä asiakaslähtöisestä prosessiajattelusta. Tutkimustulokset osoittavat, että Tampereen muutosprosessi toteuttaa varsin hyvin uuden julkisen hallinnan mukaista ajattelua. Se ei kuitenkaan edusta tätä moderneimmillaan, vaan perustuu vahvasti sekä byrokraattisen organisaation rakenteisiin että uuden julkisjohtamisen mukaiseen markkinoistumisen tavoitteeseen. Näyttää siltä, että Tampereenkin toimintamalli kaipaa päivittämistä, jotta se pystyy vastaamaan paremmin tulevaisuuden haasteisiin. Moderni uuden julkisen hallinnan kokonaisuus kuntien hallinnon kehittämisen näkökulmasta muodostuu 1) avoimesta kumppanuudesta asukkaiden, palvelutuottajien ja muiden sidosryhmien kanssa, 2) paikallisuuden ja yhteisöllisyyden korostamisesta, 3) monimuotoisesta suorasta ja edustuksellisesta demokratiasta, 4) asiakaslähtöisestä palvelujen kehittämisestä, 5) tulosperusteisesta palveluiden hankinnasta sekä 6) monimuotoisesta palvelutuotannosta. Muutos vallankäytössä on yksi uuden julkisen hallinnan ominaispiirre. Kunnan johtaminen edellyttää monimutkaistuvassa yhteiskunnassa uusia välineitä ja toimintatapoja. Tutkimuksen mukaan moderni kunnan johtaminen perustuu onnistuneelle yhdistelmälle pehmeää ja kovaa valtaa. Tutkimuksen mukaan uusi julkinen hallinta voi kehittyä kuntien hallinnonuudistusten perustaksi. Tätä tukee se, että uudessa julkisessa hallinnassa kehittämisperiaatteet muodostavat loogisen kokonaisuuden, jota voidaan käytännössä toteuttaa monin välinein erilaisissa tilanteissa. Lisäksi on olemassa ilmeinen tarve yhteiselle visiolle, jotta välttämättä edessä oleva kuntien hallinnonuudistus pystytään toteuttamaan. Uudet, isot reformit tarvitsevat aina mallin, johon muutos voidaan perustaa. Uuden julkisen hallinnan kehittymistä tukee myös se, että hallinnon kehittämisen käytännön toteutukset sekä kansainvälisesti että Suomessa toteuttavat jo monella tavoin uuden julkisen hallinnan mukaisia hallinnonuudistuksen kehityssuuntia. Tutkimus tuo uutta tietoa uuden julkisen hallinnan käytännön toteutuksesta suuressa suomalaisessa kaupungissa. Se näyttää myös suuntaa kuntien kehittämistyölle yhdistäen käytäntöä ja teoriaa ja tuo näin tietoa sekä käytännön kuntien kehittämistehtävissä toimiville että tutkijoille. Tampereen toimintamallin päivittämiselle se tarjoaa päämäärän, jota kohti edetä. ; The subject of this dissertation is the new public governance from the perspective of the local government management reforms. The research question is: how is the new public governance reflected in local government reforms? The research ques-tion will be examined from the perspectives of theory, practice and power relations. The empirical object of the study is the management reform of the City of Tampere, Finland. The reform includes three parts: the mayoral system, the purchaser-provider model and the customer-oriented process organization. The study also aims at the development of municipal operations, and presents new public governance as a comprehensive "theory of practice", which combines theory and practice and allows municipalities to find perspectives, tools and a theoretical framework for their management reforms. The study consists of four separate published sub-studies and this summary. The first sub-study deals with the theory of new public governance within the framework of the management reform of the City of Tampere. The second and third sub-studies are concerned with a variety of practical implementations of new public governance in the City of Tampere management reform. The fourth sub-project addresses power relations. In this summary the results are presented from the perspective of a management model, networked service development and the change in the exercise of power. Questionnaires were the empirical basis of the first two sub-studies, the third examined written documents and used interviews with experts and fourth sub-study relied on theme interviews with directors. New public governance (NPG) represents the third wave of the management re-forms evolving from a traditional public administration, and that following the new public management. An essential feature of the new public governance is that it does not completely reject earlier administrative reforms, but rather complements them with new solutions. NPG is based on the view that the public administration is no longer able alone to control society, but the success of governance is based on the partnership with the private and third sectors as well as with the citizens. Within the framework of new public governance one can, at least to some extent, identify three distinct trends. The differences between the trends are mainly in emphasis placed on various matters. Discussion of the new public governance started in network governance. Next, the new public governance was discussed from the perspective of democratic decision-making and public participation. The third emphasis seems to be on the new public governance as a development of customer-focused services and co-production. The results show that the process of change of the City of Tampere can be imple-mented quite well within the new public governance paradigm. At the beginning of the process the new public management was a decided basis of the reform. In the phases of preparation and implementation constraints and international experiences of weaknesses were perceived in the new public management model. On the basis of this, the management model has been developed further so that issues of new public governance such as local democracy, participation, networks and transparency of government have become stronger. The management model of Tampere does not, however, represent the new public governance in its modern form. The Tampere model is built on a basis of democracy and regulation of traditional public administration as well as the quasi-markets of the new public management. The modern new public governance reform seems to be moving especially towards a customer-oriented service development. According to this study the change in the use of power seems to be one of the characteristics of society's growing complexity and new public governance. There is a need for new instruments for leadership and in the exercise of power in an in-creasingly complex society. The modern municipal leadership is based on a suc-cessful combination of soft and hard power. The growth of new public governance as the next paradigm of management re-forms can be justified from three different perspectives. First, the new public gov-ernance is a logical entity. It brings together coherent principles of management reform, which can be implemented in practice by a variety of techniques in different situations. Second, there is an obvious need for a common vision for local gov-ernment reforms. New, large-scale reforms always need a new paradigm in which a change can be set up. There is a need for a common vision for the municipalities and their functions in order to implement local government reform. The new public governance could be the entirety that can show the way for the necessary man-agement reform of municipalities in Finland. Third, the practical implementations of management reforms both internationally and in Finland are already realizing the trends of management reform of new public governance in a number of ways.
The focus of this paper is a necessity for law-students not only to master professional legal knowledge, but also knowledge and skills in the management of corporations and enterprises. This issue is particularly relevant for the course of European law, as well as for the corresponding master's degree programs «Jurisprudence». Key attention is paid to the necessity of including such academic disciplines for students as the topic «Corporate governance» and the theme «Corporate Law» into the magister program of two diplomas «European and International Law» for the universities of Eastern Europe. In this context, development of corporate governance in Central Europe and Russia is compared; the problems of such management in the Russian economy are designated. The aim of this study is analysis and systematization of theoretical and methodological aspects, as well as practical guidance in the development of teaching and studying of corporate governance in high law schools and colleges. To achieve this task the following objectives were: to analyze the basic acting model of legal education and modern educational technologies necessary for the implementation of the system of higher education; organize and summarize the theoretical and methodical bases of corporate governance, its principles; define the role corporate governance in the implementation of business activity, as well as to compare its role in Russia and Central Europe; explore the practical importance of training in the field of corporate law Methods. The research is based on the dialectic method regulating legislative norms, including the corporate right and activity of managing subjects. The retrospective analysis of pedagogical achievements and forecasting were used. Results. Working models of the juridical education and the modern educational technologies are considered in the present paper. Such models help promote systemization and generalisation of leading positions of a corporate governance, and its principles. The corporate governance role in realisation of enterprise activity in Russia and the Central Europe is defined. The role of corporate law course in the curriculum of higher legal education and the practical significance development of the given subject for the future experts-lawyers is shown. Scientific novelty. The value of teaching and learning issues of corporate governance in the course of legal institutions and higher educational institutions is reviewed and analyzed for the first time with regard to the new initiative of the international double degree program among the members of the consortium of several universities in Russia and Central and Eastern Europe. Practical significance. The research findings and results of the study can be used as for the development of both the level of students' knowledge and expand the professional level of teachers' skills, as well as to solve the problems of improvement of corporate management business entity of any organizational-legal form, in which the functions are separated by ownership and management. ; В статье утверждается, что, кроме профессиональных правовых знаний, у студентов-юристов следует формировать знания и навыки в сфере управления корпорациями и предприятиями. Такая задача должна быть одной из приоритетных при изучении курса европейского права и освоении магистерских программ направления «Юриспруденция», особенно в свете международной магистерской программы двойных дипломов «Европейское и международное право», осуществляющейся в университетах Восточной Европы. Акцентируется различие корпоративного управления в Центральной Европе и в России и специфика такого управления в российской экономике. Целями описанного в публикации исследования стали анализ и систематизация теоретических и методологических аспектов обучения основам корпоративного управления в юридических вузах, а также выработка практических рекомендаций преподавателям, читающим курс «Корпоративное право». Методика и методы. Работа базировалась на диалектическом методе, регулирующем законодательные нормы, в том числе корпоративное право и деятельность хозяйствующих субъектов. Использовались ретроспективный анализ педагогических достижений и прогнозирование. Основные результаты. Рассмотрены действующие модели юридического образования и современные образовательные технологии, способствующие систематизации и обобщению ведущих положений корпоративного управления, его принципов. Определена роль корпоративного управления в осуществлении предпринимательской деятельности в России и Центральной Европе. Показана роль курса корпоративного права в учебных планах высшего юридического образования и практическая значимость освоения данного предмета для будущих специалистов-юристов. Научная новизна. Впервые проведен сравнительный анализ преподавания иизучения корпоративного управления ввузах России, Центральной и Восточной Европы. Практическая значимость. Результаты и выводы могут быть использованы как для развития компетенций студентов, так и повышения профессионального уровня преподавателей, а также для усовершенствования корпоративного управления хозяйствующим субъектом любой организационно-правовой формы, в которой разделены функции владения и управления.