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The case studies contained in this book show real life examples of complex problems being addressed through collaboration. The problems confronting modern society are complex and do not lend themselves to simple solutions or linear decision making. They require the involvement of many stakeholders. This is often brought about by networks, which bring together a multitude of players in the search for solutions to public policy issues.

The "loi pour une république numérique" act and the Open Science Plan support the opening of public data to citizens, who finance their production, and the sharing of scientific data to encourage innovation from their reuse. While these measures are legitimate, they require significant changes in practice or even real paradigm shifts, which raise questions, despite the avenues launched by the open science plan.The objective of our group is to identify these necessary changes, from the point of view of daily scientific practices, in order to anticipate possible blockages and make recommendations to prevent them. In order to that aim, we have mobilised our knowledge of practices in the laboratories of several disciplines (disciplines represented: biology, physics, history and art history), from the point of view of several professions (researchers, professors, librairian, archivist). ; L'ouverture des données de la recherche demande des changements dans les pratiques scientifiques quotidiennes. Le Collège Données de la recherche du Comité pour la science ouverte identifie les changements nécessaires et émet six préconisations pour anticiper les blocages potentiels.

The "loi pour une république numérique" act and the Open Science Plan support the opening of public data to citizens, who finance their production, and the sharing of scientific data to encourage innovation from their reuse. While these measures are legitimate, they require significant changes in practice or even real paradigm shifts, which raise questions, despite the avenues launched by the open science plan.The objective of our group is to identify these necessary changes, from the point of view of daily scientific practices, in order to anticipate possible blockages and make recommendations to prevent them. In order to that aim, we have mobilised our knowledge of practices in the laboratories of several disciplines (disciplines represented: biology, physics, history and art history), from the point of view of several professions (researchers, professors, librairian, archivist). ; L'ouverture des données de la recherche demande des changements dans les pratiques scientifiques quotidiennes. Le Collège Données de la recherche du Comité pour la science ouverte identifie les changements nécessaires et émet six préconisations pour anticiper les blocages potentiels.

The "loi pour une république numérique" act and the Open Science Plan support the opening of public data to citizens, who finance their production, and the sharing of scientific data to encourage innovation from their reuse. While these measures are legitimate, they require significant changes in practice or even real paradigm shifts, which raise questions, despite the avenues launched by the open science plan.The objective of our group is to identify these necessary changes, from the point of view of daily scientific practices, in order to anticipate possible blockages and make recommendations to prevent them. In order to that aim, we have mobilised our knowledge of practices in the laboratories of several disciplines (disciplines represented: biology, physics, history and art history), from the point of view of several professions (researchers, professors, librairian, archivist). ; L'ouverture des données de la recherche demande des changements dans les pratiques scientifiques quotidiennes. Le Collège Données de la recherche du Comité pour la science ouverte identifie les changements nécessaires et émet six préconisations pour anticiper les blocages potentiels.

The "loi pour une république numérique" act and the Open Science Plan support the opening of public data to citizens, who finance their production, and the sharing of scientific data to encourage innovation from their reuse. While these measures are legitimate, they require significant changes in practice or even real paradigm shifts, which raise questions, despite the avenues launched by the open science plan.The objective of our group is to identify these necessary changes, from the point of view of daily scientific practices, in order to anticipate possible blockages and make recommendations to prevent them. In order to that aim, we have mobilised our knowledge of practices in the laboratories of several disciplines (disciplines represented: biology, physics, history and art history), from the point of view of several professions (researchers, professors, librairian, archivist). ; L'ouverture des données de la recherche demande des changements dans les pratiques scientifiques quotidiennes. Le Collège Données de la recherche du Comité pour la science ouverte identifie les changements nécessaires et émet six préconisations pour anticiper les blocages potentiels.

International audience ; This research focuses on the score of intellectual capital perceived by analysts of an SRI asset management fund in relation to the level of European corporate governance and the institutional context in which it is situated: the country, regulation of the labor market and culture. We have a constant sample of 286 listed European companies and groups in the years 2010-2012. The methodology used is a longitudinal regression in panel data. The results show that governance practices are significantly associated with the intellectual capital score and that the institutional variables: country, labor market legislation and cultural elements have contrasting effects on the three dimensions of intellectual capital: human capital, structural capital and relational capital. ; Cette recherche s'intéresse au score du capital intellectuel perçu par les analystes d'un fonds de gestion d'actifs ISR en lien avec le niveau de gouvernance d'entreprises européennes et le contexte institutionnel dans lequel elles s'insèrent : le pays, la régulation du marché du travail et la culture. Nous utilisons un échantillon constant de 286 entreprises et groupes européens cotés suivis pendant les années 2010-2012. La méthodologie employée est une régression longitudinale en données de panel. Les résultats montrent que les pratiques de gouvernance sont très significativement associées au score de capital intellectuel et que les variables institutionnelles : pays, législation du marché du travail et éléments culturels ont des effets contrastés sur les trois dimensions du capital intellectuel : capital humain, capital structurel et capital relationnel.

We study the link between the choice of governance and political hazards using municipal school canteens. We provide evidence that in politically contested cities, mayors are more likely to choose to "make" rather than "buy" to avoid challenge of the contract with a private partner. A higher probability of losing office – proxied by close victory margins and political concentration – increases the probability to "make". We also provide evidence that in cities where the potential challenge on sustainable supply is high, mayors tend to "make" also to signal trustworthiness to the voter. A higher presence of ecologist's citizens and alternative supply organizations – proxied by the presence of Agenda 21 and the presence of alternative and organic food shops – increases the probability to "make".

We study the link between the choice of governance and political hazards using municipal school canteens. We provide evidence that in politically contested cities, mayors are more likely to choose to "make" rather than "buy" to avoid challenge of the contract with a private partner. A higher probability of losing office – proxied by close victory margins and political concentration – increases the probability to "make". We also provide evidence that in cities where the potential challenge on sustainable supply is high, mayors tend to "make" also to signal trustworthiness to the voter. A higher presence of ecologist's citizens and alternative supply organizations – proxied by the presence of Agenda 21 and the presence of alternative and organic food shops – increases the probability to "make".

We study the link between the choice of governance and political hazards using municipal school canteens. We provide evidence that in politically contested cities, mayors are more likely to choose to "make" rather than "buy" to avoid challenge of the contract with a private partner. A higher probability of losing office – proxied by close victory margins and political concentration – increases the probability to "make". We also provide evidence that in cities where the potential challenge on sustainable supply is high, mayors tend to "make" also to signal trustworthiness to the voter. A higher presence of ecologist's citizens and alternative supply organizations – proxied by the presence of Agenda 21 and the presence of alternative and organic food shops – increases the probability to "make".

We study the link between the choice of governance and political hazards using municipal school canteens. We provide evidence that in politically contested cities, mayors are more likely to choose to "make" rather than "buy" to avoid challenge of the contract with a private partner. A higher probability of losing office – proxied by close victory margins and political concentration – increases the probability to "make". We also provide evidence that in cities where the potential challenge on sustainable supply is high, mayors tend to "make" also to signal trustworthiness to the voter. A higher presence of ecologist's citizens and alternative supply organizations – proxied by the presence of Agenda 21 and the presence of alternative and organic food shops – increases the probability to "make".

We study the link between the choice of governance and political hazards using municipal school canteens. We provide evidence that in politically contested cities, mayors are more likely to choose to "make" rather than "buy" to avoid challenge of the contract with a private partner. A higher probability of losing office – proxied by close victory margins and political concentration – increases the probability to "make". We also provide evidence that in cities where the potential challenge on sustainable supply is high, mayors tend to "make" also to signal trustworthiness to the voter. A higher presence of ecologist's citizens and alternative supply organizations – proxied by the presence of Agenda 21 and the presence of alternative and organic food shops – increases the probability to "make".