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Article describes the issues of shaping the structures of local government administration considering new concepts of public management. Attention will be focused on governance, which determines two paradigms of public administration: public administration aimed at cooperation and organized in a network manner. Will evaluate the degree of their impact on the structure of local government administration in Poland. Further considerations will aim to identify the relationship between the quality of governance and administrative structure of local government. The quality of governance is recognized (by the World Bank) in six dimensions of good governance, which is a function of appropriately shaped bodies. Striving to meet the criteria of good governance may involve restrictions on the use of cooperation and networking paradigms. ; Artykuł podejmuje problematykę kształtowania struktur administracji samorządowej w świetle nowych koncepcji funkcjonowania sektora publicznego. Uwaga została skoncentrowana na współzarządzaniu, które wyznacza dwa paradygmaty administracji publicznej: administrację publiczną ukierunkowaną na współpracę oraz zorganizowaną w sposób sieciowy. Ocenie poddany został stopień ich wpływu na kształtowanie struktury administracji samorządowej w Polsce. Dalsze rozważania miały na celu identyfikację związku pomiędzy jakością rządzenia a strukturą administracyjną samorządu terytorialnego. Jakość rządzenia ujmowana jest (za Bankiem Światowym) w sześciu wymiarach dobrego rządzenia, które z kolei jest funkcją odpowiednio ukształtowanych instytucji. Dążenie do spełnienia kryteriów dobrego rządzenia może wiązać się z ograniczeniami w stosowaniu paradygmatów współpracy i sieci.

Includes bibliographical references. ; Presented at the Building resilience of Mongolian rangelands: a trans-disciplinary research conference held on June 9-10, 2015 in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. ; Mongolia's socio-ecological rangeland systems face a number of critical, contemporary challenges. Climatic change, persistent poverty and growing land use conflicts, especially around mining, pose complex problems both for herders and policy-makers. Furthermore, there is renewed emphasis on meeting Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and Aichi targets, following the publication of Mongolia's 5th National CBD report in March 2014, and the development of a new National Biodiversity Strategic Action Plan. (E)valuation of the contributions of rangeland ecosystem services (ES) to biodiversity and livelihoods/wellbeing are highlighted as priorities for future planning therein. ES thinking, valuation and commodification are becoming increasingly influential in other contemporary policy initiatives, not least through the development of the national REDD+ roadmap, Business and Biodiversity offset programmes and Government commitments to the 'Green Economy'. Nonetheless critical questions remain about the ES paradigm itself, values/ valuation of ES and how these may be enacted and supported through policy. Here we report on a three year Darwin-Initiative funded project, which aimed to 'generate policy and practice relevant knowledge of values of ecosystem services (ES) in Mongolia, and test the efficacy of Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) schemes, in order to enhance biodiversity and livelihoods'. Aims were realised through i) participatory mapping and analysis of ES, including cultural ES, with 300 herder households across four case study sites, and the development of innovative methods for non-economic valuation; ii) co-development and implementation of a novel rangeland payment for ES (PES) scheme at the four sites, through the Plan Vivo standard; iii) analysis of the impacts ES and of the PES scheme on biodiversity and livelihoods. Methods used included deliberative valuation approaches, mapping, ranking and choice modelling to examine group and individual values and trade-offs between ES across ecologically contrasting areas. We also applied the SOLVES (Social Values of ES) GIS model to highlight spatial, place-specific dimensions of ES values, as part of a series of wider biodiversity, livelihoods and ES assessments. Results highlight spatial and temporal diversities in ES values, importance of cultural ES for wellbeing, and the potential of carefully designed PES schemes to contribute to more resilient socio-ecological rangeland systems in the future.

In this chapter we outline the Danish and Scandinavian experiences with coalition governments and coalition governance. We do so by first briefly describing the historical path that has led to the political system we see working today in these countries. Then we tell about the political culture and institutional factors that lead to coalition governments. In the third section, we look at the nature of political agreements. We discuss the preconditions for coalition governments or coalition governance and its pros and cons. We focus on the trade-offs between including different interests into legislative coalitions and the possible lack of clarity of responsibility or of party identity that this inclusion entails. ; In this chapter we outline the Danish and Scandinavian experiences with coalition governments and coalition governance. We do so by first briefly describing the historical path that has led to the political system we see working today in these countries. Then we tell about the political culture and institutional factors that lead to coalition governments. In the third section, we look at the nature of political agreements. We discuss the preconditions for coalition governments or coalition governance and its pros and cons. We focus on the trade-offs between including different interests into legislative coalitions and the possible lack of clarity of responsibility or of party identity that this inclusion entails.

The article focuses on the theoretical and practical analysis of various levels of governance in higher education - at the systemic level, at the institutional level and at the level of public policy making in higher education system and universities. Both Poland and Ukraine are facing the common challenges of the urgent need to diminish bureaucracy at universities and to deregulate the system of higher education, which requires the necessary changes to the legal framework at the institutional and systemic levels. The article considers which tools in the process of transformation of higher education, both at the macro (governance in HES and public policy) and micro (governance and management in HEI) levels can be used in order to find effective solutions in the areas of management, governance and public policy in the higher education system. ; Artykuł poświęcony analizie teoretycznej oraz praktycznej różnych poziomów rządzenia (governance) w szkolnictwie wyższym - na poziomie systemowym, instytucyjnym i na poziomie polityki państwa wobec systemu szkolnictwa wyższego oraz uniwersytetów. Zarówno Polska, jak i Ukraina stają wobec wspólnego wyzwania konieczności odbiurokratyzowania działania uczelni i deregulacji systemu szkolnictwa wyższego, co wymaga niezbędnych zmian reguł ładu instytucjonalnego i systemowego. W artykule pokazano, jakie narzędzia w procesie transformacji szkolnictwa wyższego zarówno na poziomie makro (governance in HES i polityka publiczna), jak i mikro (governance i management in HEI) mogą być wykorzystane w celu podejmowania skutecznych rozwiązań w obszarach: zarządzanie, governance i polityka publiczna w systemie szkolnictwa wyższego.

The problem examined in the paper is part of a broader reflection on public governance, especially in its territorial dimension. The author focuses mainly on the modernisation of the public sector in Poland and the world with regard to the principles of participatory democracy as evidenced by the practice of urban governance. In particular, the author focuses on one of the tools that stimulate participation, i.e. participatory budgeting, which has recently resulted in a breakthrough trend in institutional practice and which can be regarded as an innovation in public governance. The aim of the paper is to examine the impact of the implementation of participatory budgeting on governance in selected Polish cities. The whole analysis is carried out in the context of normative assumptions and the analysed problem highlights the question of the standards of good public governance, which should be respected at the local level. The paradigm adopted by the author reflects the call for the "right to the city for the citizens," i.e. an approach whereby cities should develop not only in order to support the economy but also to be able to meet people's aspirations to a better quality of life.

The article discusses current dilemmas of the European Union policy with regard to the development of competitive and low emission transport in the context of good governance principles. The first part discusses selected assumptions of the idea of public governance reflected in the EU transport policy. Then the current degree of development of the EU transport was assessed. The assessment of consequences of increased demand for transport confirmed the need to efficiently deliver on the strategy for the development of low emission transport. It is also stressed that the implementation of the assumptions of the public governance idea may be seen as an innovative solution in managing a complex network of ties and coordination of policies at different levels and support the shift towards low emission, circular economy model in transport. However, attention has been paid to the need to continue studies on the assessment of efficiency and effectiveness of good governance principles. ; Artykuł jest poświęcony prezentacji aktualnych dylematów polityki Unii Europejskiej dotyczących rozwoju konkurencyjnego i niskoemisyjnego transportu w kontekście realizacji zasad dobrego rządzenia (good governance). W pierwszej części artykułu omówiono wybrane założenia koncepcji współrządzenia (public governance), mające odzwierciedlenie w polityce transportowej Unii Europejskiej. Następnie dokonano oceny obecnego stanu rozwoju transportu Unii Europejskiej. Ocena konsekwencji wzrostu popytu na transport potwierdziła potrzebę efektywnej realizacji strategii na rzecz rozwoju niskoemisyjnego transportu. Podkreślono, że wdrażanie założeń koncepcji public governance może stanowić nowatorskie rozwiązanie w zakresie zarządzania skomplikowaną siecią powiązań i koordynacji polityk na wszystkich szczeblach, wspierając przejście transportu do modelu gospodarki niskoemisyjnej o obiegu zamkniętym. Zwrócono jednak uwagę na potrzebę kontynuacji badań nad oceną skuteczności i efektywności realizacji zasad good governance.

The paper offers a case study of the Marianske Lazne administration as an example of the New Public Governance (NPG) approach ed in the Czech Republic. The focus is on the particular pillars representing the features of NPG. Until now, five months after the general election, the particular attention of the Pirate Party on the determinants of NPG objectives could be observed through: making all meetings of the board's expert commissions accessible for the general public; publishing all documents discussed by the town's council on the internet; making all the town's banking accounts transparent; creating a department of internal audit separated from the rest of the administration; granting the status of a permanent guest at the board's meetings to a representative of the opposition; doubling the frequency of the council's meetings; preparing new rules of procedure facilitating the participation of citizens in the council's meetings; strengthening the communication channels between the council on the one hand and the chairpersons of expert commissions and directors of municipal organisations on the other; cancelling the positions with unclear benefits for the town; and making the rules of using municipal funds more transparent. There are still mo re evident measures expected in the areas of the second and third pillars of the Pirates' program, that is the provision of quality services for citizens and vicular and the positive development of tfie town's spa industry.

The article focuses on the theoretical and practical analysis of various levels of governance in higher education - at the systemic level, at the institutional level and at the level of public policy making in higher education system and universities. Both Poland and Ukraine are facing the common challenges of the urgent need to diminish bureaucracy at universities and to deregulate the system of higher education, which requires the necessary changes to the legal framework at the institutional and systemic levels. The article considers which tools in the process of transformation of higher education, both at the macro (governance in HES and public policy) and micro (governance and management in HEI) levels can be used in order to find effective solutions in the areas of management, governance and public policy in the higher education system.

In a relatively short time the Internet has become one of the main and the most important media of our times. The increasing number of users, as well as the growth of its role and importance in almost every aspect of social and economic life have led in recent years to the intensification of the discussion on the future of the Internet and the way it should be governed. From the very beginning the Internet developed bottom-up without a decision-making center responsible for its development. There are many organizations in the world operating at local, regional and global levels, that focus on different aspects of its operation and development. This process called "Internet governance" is the process within which governments, information and communication technology (ICT) companies and civil society work together to set standards, values, norms and decisions that shape the way we use the World Wide Web. This article attempts to explain this phenomenon, shows the origins of the dispute between the supporters of the multistakeholder model of the Internet governance. It also presents the proposals of some states to strengthen the role of governments in this process and presents the position of the European Union, which in this discussion may play a key role as a mediator in the debate about the future of the Internet governance. ; Internet w stosunkowo krótkim czasie stał się jednym z głównych i najistotniejszych mediów naszych czasów. Wzrastająca liczba jego użytkowników, jak również wzrost jego roli i znaczenia w niemalże każdym aspekcie życia społeczno-gospodarczego spowodowały w ostatnich latach nasilenie się dyskusji na temat przyszłości internetu i sposobu w jaki powinien być zarządzany. Internet od samego początku rozwijał się oddolnie bez centralnego ośrodka decyzyjnego. Na świecie funkcjonuje wiele organizacji działających na poziomie lokalnym, regionalnym i globalnym, które skupiają się na różnych aspektach jego działania i rozwoju. Proces nazywany "zarządzanie Internetem" (Internet Governance), to proces, w którym rządy, przedsiębiorstwa z branży technologii informacyjnych i komunikacyjnych oraz społeczeństwo obywatelskie wspólnie wypracowują standardy, wartości, normy i decyzje, które kształtują sposób, w jaki użytkowana jest sieć. Niniejszy artykuł podejmuje próbę wyjaśnienia tego zjawiska, przedstawia genezę sporu pomiędzy zwolennikami wielostronnego modelu zarządzania internetem oraz państwami postulującymi wzmocnienie roli rządów w tym procesie oraz prezentuje stanowisko Unii Europejskiej, która może w tej dyskusji odegrać kluczową rolę stając się mediatorem w debacie o przyszłym modelu zarządzania internetem.