The thesis provides for analysis of the reasons determining the change of the governance forms and self-governance. First, it is a comprehensive report on the transformation of democracy, society and self-government models and the reasons of such transformation. Second, it analyses, how these reasons impact the transformation of self-governance forms, and third, what is the model of self-governance in Lithuania today. The research provides for the analysis of how many public services intended for individuals and businesses have been transferred to cyber space in Lithuania and how were they changing in the period 2004 to 2006, as well as the public opinion on self-governance and the opinion thereon of people working for the system.
The thesis provides for analysis of the reasons determining the change of the governance forms and self-governance. First, it is a comprehensive report on the transformation of democracy, society and self-government models and the reasons of such transformation. Second, it analyses, how these reasons impact the transformation of self-governance forms, and third, what is the model of self-governance in Lithuania today. The research provides for the analysis of how many public services intended for individuals and businesses have been transferred to cyber space in Lithuania and how were they changing in the period 2004 to 2006, as well as the public opinion on self-governance and the opinion thereon of people working for the system.
Insightful researchers from all over the world examine the question how to implement principles of sustainability into the essence of all human activities. However reaching of long-term goals requires for fundamental changes and most of them will be technically, culturally and politically difficult. Universities as centres of innovations and learning must be in the very front of this development. Sustainable development is the current context in which higher education must focus its mission. The challenge of sustainable development is faced by universities in different manner beginning with the aim to act as environment-friendly company to formulation of principles and signing declarations while establishing totally new institutions or focusing current mission and management of the university on search of sustainability. All of this leads to conclusion that management of universities becomes one of the most important problems. Universities might find themselves in danger if they don't adapt to changing environment and new challenges more rapidly. The above-mentioned facts prove importance and relevance of the selected topic "Implementation of sustainability concept for management of universities in Lithuania". Institutions of higher education are responsible against society for use of public education means in pursuit of sustainable development. The first hypothesis: the fundamentals of sustainable development are not included in management of universities in Lithuania. The second hypothesis: university students in Lithuania do not have fundamental of sustainable development. Purpose of the paper: after review of sustainability concept, disclosure of how the principle of sustainability applies to education system, examination of theoretical aspects of institutions' management, to perform empirical research of implementation of sustainability concept into management of universities in Lithuania and to accomplish comparative analysis with the practice of foreign universities and also to suggest framework for implementation of sustainability concept in management of Lithuanian universities. Object of the paper: sustainability concept. Subject of the paper: implementation of sustainability concept in management of the university. Investigation techniques – analysis of scientific literature, questionnaire interview. The following tasks were set for the paper: to describe principles of the sustainability concept; to discuss conception of sustainable development; to describe conception of sustainability concept in the context of education system; to review application of sustainability concept in the university; to define conception of institutions management; to discuss theoretical aspects of education system management; to perform research of implementation of sustainability concept in management of Lithuanian universities and to present comparative analysis with the practice of foreign universities; to create framework of sustainable university management.
Insightful researchers from all over the world examine the question how to implement principles of sustainability into the essence of all human activities. However reaching of long-term goals requires for fundamental changes and most of them will be technically, culturally and politically difficult. Universities as centres of innovations and learning must be in the very front of this development. Sustainable development is the current context in which higher education must focus its mission. The challenge of sustainable development is faced by universities in different manner beginning with the aim to act as environment-friendly company to formulation of principles and signing declarations while establishing totally new institutions or focusing current mission and management of the university on search of sustainability. All of this leads to conclusion that management of universities becomes one of the most important problems. Universities might find themselves in danger if they don't adapt to changing environment and new challenges more rapidly. The above-mentioned facts prove importance and relevance of the selected topic "Implementation of sustainability concept for management of universities in Lithuania". Institutions of higher education are responsible against society for use of public education means in pursuit of sustainable development. The first hypothesis: the fundamentals of sustainable development are not included in management of universities in Lithuania. The second hypothesis: university students in Lithuania do not have fundamental of sustainable development. Purpose of the paper: after review of sustainability concept, disclosure of how the principle of sustainability applies to education system, examination of theoretical aspects of institutions' management, to perform empirical research of implementation of sustainability concept into management of universities in Lithuania and to accomplish comparative analysis with the practice of foreign universities and also to suggest framework for implementation of sustainability concept in management of Lithuanian universities. Object of the paper: sustainability concept. Subject of the paper: implementation of sustainability concept in management of the university. Investigation techniques – analysis of scientific literature, questionnaire interview. The following tasks were set for the paper: to describe principles of the sustainability concept; to discuss conception of sustainable development; to describe conception of sustainability concept in the context of education system; to review application of sustainability concept in the university; to define conception of institutions management; to discuss theoretical aspects of education system management; to perform research of implementation of sustainability concept in management of Lithuanian universities and to present comparative analysis with the practice of foreign universities; to create framework of sustainable university management.
The article analyses influence of constitutional regulation on development of local governance in the Republic of Lithuania and show the setting of the prerogative limits of legislators in the areas of administrative partition of state territory and organization of local governance. According to analysis of the provisions of the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania and resolutions of the Constitutional Court, the wide prerogatives of legislators to specify and elaborate the main principles of organization of local governance that are established in the Constitution and to regulate other issues related to development of this governance by law are shown. The article shows that provisions of the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania do not make any difficulties in implementation of changes in the area of organization of local governance.
The article analyses influence of constitutional regulation on development of local governance in the Republic of Lithuania and show the setting of the prerogative limits of legislators in the areas of administrative partition of state territory and organization of local governance. According to analysis of the provisions of the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania and resolutions of the Constitutional Court, the wide prerogatives of legislators to specify and elaborate the main principles of organization of local governance that are established in the Constitution and to regulate other issues related to development of this governance by law are shown. The article shows that provisions of the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania do not make any difficulties in implementation of changes in the area of organization of local governance.
The article analyses influence of constitutional regulation on development of local governance in the Republic of Lithuania and show the setting of the prerogative limits of legislators in the areas of administrative partition of state territory and organization of local governance. According to analysis of the provisions of the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania and resolutions of the Constitutional Court, the wide prerogatives of legislators to specify and elaborate the main principles of organization of local governance that are established in the Constitution and to regulate other issues related to development of this governance by law are shown. The article shows that provisions of the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania do not make any difficulties in implementation of changes in the area of organization of local governance.
The article analyses influence of constitutional regulation on development of local governance in the Republic of Lithuania and show the setting of the prerogative limits of legislators in the areas of administrative partition of state territory and organization of local governance. According to analysis of the provisions of the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania and resolutions of the Constitutional Court, the wide prerogatives of legislators to specify and elaborate the main principles of organization of local governance that are established in the Constitution and to regulate other issues related to development of this governance by law are shown. The article shows that provisions of the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania do not make any difficulties in implementation of changes in the area of organization of local governance.
The most important task of this notice is to reveal what allows to approve or to deny the existence or absence of democracy as political-social phenomena. While looking for a solution more attention was paid to such political processes as a electoral system and rule system in order to reveal their relation with implementation of democracy and the degree of this implementation. This notice will convince us that the historical basis of democracy is association as civil community where the decisions are made by the members of this association who are equal to each other among themselves. What is more, those chapters where electoral and rule systems are discussed show that the way how the the rule apparatus is ordered has a lot of influence to any political regime, in our case to democracy. That means, for example, that the majority electoral system is efficient and covers up the criterions of democracy only in those states where two-party system is predominant or, for example, that it is impossible to imagine undisciplined parties that rule efficient and in democratic way in parlametary state. More over, the aim of the last chapter was to get readers familiar with cosmopolitan model of democracy and with the global degree of democracy, further more, to reveal the lookouts of democracy development and means that are the most suitable to implement that development.
3. It has to be taken into consideration that implementation of the new standards and principles is a complex and long process which is presently supervised by the Commission of the Stock Exchange. State financing ensures political independence of the institution and enables to attract highly qualified professionals. 4. It is expedient to harmonize laws and regulations because present inconsistency in the Law on Public Companies, the Law on the Securities Market and the Law on Financial Measures in the Republic of Lithuania leave many opportunities for companies to interpret the principles of the Code differently. 5. Although the principles stipulated in the Code are important, research results showed that some principles are ignored, others are implemented formally; therefore the Codes of Corporate Governance do not fully disclose the information which would enhance transparency and accountability of corporate governance.
3. It has to be taken into consideration that implementation of the new standards and principles is a complex and long process which is presently supervised by the Commission of the Stock Exchange. State financing ensures political independence of the institution and enables to attract highly qualified professionals. 4. It is expedient to harmonize laws and regulations because present inconsistency in the Law on Public Companies, the Law on the Securities Market and the Law on Financial Measures in the Republic of Lithuania leave many opportunities for companies to interpret the principles of the Code differently. 5. Although the principles stipulated in the Code are important, research results showed that some principles are ignored, others are implemented formally; therefore the Codes of Corporate Governance do not fully disclose the information which would enhance transparency and accountability of corporate governance.
3. It has to be taken into consideration that implementation of the new standards and principles is a complex and long process which is presently supervised by the Commission of the Stock Exchange. State financing ensures political independence of the institution and enables to attract highly qualified professionals. 4. It is expedient to harmonize laws and regulations because present inconsistency in the Law on Public Companies, the Law on the Securities Market and the Law on Financial Measures in the Republic of Lithuania leave many opportunities for companies to interpret the principles of the Code differently. 5. Although the principles stipulated in the Code are important, research results showed that some principles are ignored, others are implemented formally; therefore the Codes of Corporate Governance do not fully disclose the information which would enhance transparency and accountability of corporate governance.
The paper is focused on the discussion about the role of civil society in local governance and attempts to provide the answers to the questions: who is responsible for and should initiate the partnership between civil society organizations and local government? What are possible partnership models? How are public administrators affected by or do they affect civil society? What are the determinants of active civic participation in local governance? The paper is based on the two-fold approach: 1) general approach to the civil society and government partnership in local democracy; 2) particular approach examining how discussed partnership models work in Lithuania.
The paper is focused on the discussion about the role of civil society in local governance and attempts to provide the answers to the questions: who is responsible for and should initiate the partnership between civil society organizations and local government? What are possible partnership models? How are public administrators affected by or do they affect civil society? What are the determinants of active civic participation in local governance? The paper is based on the two-fold approach: 1) general approach to the civil society and government partnership in local democracy; 2) particular approach examining how discussed partnership models work in Lithuania.
The paper is focused on the discussion about the role of civil society in local governance and attempts to provide the answers to the questions: who is responsible for and should initiate the partnership between civil society organizations and local government? What are possible partnership models? How are public administrators affected by or do they affect civil society? What are the determinants of active civic participation in local governance? The paper is based on the two-fold approach: 1) general approach to the civil society and government partnership in local democracy; 2) particular approach examining how discussed partnership models work in Lithuania.
