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Blockchain is a new information technology that can be used in many areas of human activity. The fi rst and most famous example of the use of blockchain technology is the Bitcoin cryptocurrency. Today, cryptocurrency has transformed into a publicly recognized means of payment, a virtual currency that is accepted by large and small enterprises, corporations and services. Today, they conduct research and implement a number of projects using Blockchain technology in such areas as healthcare, media, electronic voting, fi le storage, smart contracts, insurance, the public sector (issuing passports, collecting taxes, registering land plots), etc. The IBM Corporation is researching Blockchain technology and is working on the creation of software, with the help of which partners will be able to conclude digital contracts that will be recorded in the global network. IBM is also implementing a project called Adept, which aims to track network-connected devices using Blockchain technology. The purpose of this article is to study the directions of using Blockchain in public policy.

The article presents the main theoretical and methodological approaches to the study of regional governance, existing in sociology. The author comes to the conclusion that, in the framework of the study of regional governance in Russia, structural-functional, neoinstitutional, activity approaches possess adequate analytical and explanatory potential, which will allow to highlight the criteria for the formation and functioning of the regional governance model in modern Russian society.

Verlängerung des Vertrags Russland – China (v. 28. Juni 2021): • Kommentar (dt.) zur gemeinsamen Erklärung Russland-China zur Vertragsverlängerung (2021) und zu Pressestimmen in Russland; • Meinungsbeitrag (dt., russ.) aus Russland zum Vertrag Russland-China (2021) und dessen Bedeutung für 'Global Governance'; • Dokumentation (dt., russ.) anlässlich der Vertragsverlängerung (28. Juni 2021): .- Protokoll zum Video-Gespräch der Präsidenten Russlands und Chinas; .- Gemeinsame Erklärung der RF und VR China zum 20. Jahrestag der Unterzeichnung des Vertrags.:• Vorwort von Rainer Böhme (Hrsg.) • Kommentar von Wilfried Schreiber: Russland-China-Vertrag – Gemeinsame Antwort auf die "regelbasierte Ordnung" des Westens (dt.); • Meinungsbeitrag von W. Pawlenko: Der Russland-China-Vertrag – eine neue Dimension in der globalen Politik. In: IA REGNUM, Moskau, 28. Juni 2021. (Übersetzung a. d. Russ. Von Rainer Böhme.) • Dokumentation (Übersetzung a. d. Russ. von Rainer Böhme): .- Protokoll zum Video-Gespräch der Präsidenten Russlands und Chinas am 28. Juni 2021 anlässlich der Vertragsverlängerung; .- Gemeinsame Erklärung (vom 28. Juni 2021) der Russischen Föderation und der Volksrepublik China zum 20. Jahrestag der Unterzeichnung des Vertrags über Nachbarschaft, Freundschaft und Zusammenarbeit zwischen der Russischen Föderation und der VR China. • Textoriginale (russ.): .- Meinungsbeitrag W. Pawlenko; • Dokumentation der Präsidialverwaltung der Russischen Föderation: .- Protokoll zum Video-Gespräch der Präsidenten Russlands und Chinas am 28. Juni 2021 anlässlich der Vertragsverlängerung. .- Gemeinsame Erklärung (vom 28. Juni 2021) der Russischen Föderation und der Volksrepublik China zum 20. Jahrestag der Unterzeichnung des Vertrags über Nachbarschaft, Freundschaft und Zusammenarbeit zwischen der Russischen Föderation und der VR China. (Offizieller russischer Wortlaut).

One of the factors determining the development of the securities market in the country is the level of corporate governance. It is clear that without respect for the rights of small shareholders of the company, is not created for them the possibility of effective enjoyment of these rights and on the possibility of leaving the company, and similar factors make it difficult to attract funding through the securities market. From this point of view, the effect of creating a mechanism to protect investors' rights legislation of the country on the development of the securities market significantly. The financing of the national economy the main role belongs to the market for corporate securities. Securities market creates additional opportunities for financing firms. This creates an incentive for the company's development and corporate management firm. This fiscal squeeze in many cases firms to refrain from taking effective financial decisions, which in turn negatively affects economic development. Emerging in the country system of corporate governance is to ensure equal and fair treatment of all shareholders, including small shareholders, shareholders and foreign shareholders who do not participate in managing the company.

The article develops a methodological basis for choosing the optimal model for managing the agglomeration of settlements. The existing agglomeration problems and the need to accelerate growth due to the agglomeration effect form a challenge to the agglomeration governance system. For an adequate response it is important to understand the capabilities of governance models. These capabilities can be expressed through the description of the features of the models.For a large-scale description of the features of models, it is necessary to form groups of features, characterize each feature, compare the models according to the degree of its manifestation, and, if possible, explain the reason for the differences. The article investigates research papers within the framework of the theory of municipal reformers, the theory of public choice, in particular on the issues of centralization / decentralization of municipalities, intermunicipal cooperation, the efficiency of the economy of the public sector. The authors used general scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, grouping, comparison.The revealed features make it possible to assess the governance model in terms of what the agglomeration will receive from its implementation. All features are combined into five groups: economic, social, administrative efficiency, democratization, stability. The study revealed 29 features, presented their explanation and degree of development, depending on the type of governance model.As a result of the study, the possibilities for justifying the feasibility of introducing models have increased. The authors represented scientific novelty by a more complete list of the features of models, a more detailed presentation of them, the approach of presenting information "from features", a convenient grouping that allows you to use the characteristic to assess the effectiveness of the activities of government authorities. The study can be useful for civil servants in charge of agglomeration processes. ; Статья развивает методологическую базу ...

Освещаются проблемные вопросы организации корпоративного управления на государственных предприятиях. Акцент делается на специфике государственного сектора экономики и его подсекторов: стратегического и военного. Предлагается методика измерения качества корпоративного управления госпредприятиями. ; Problematic issues of the organization of corporate governance at state enterprises are covered. The emphasis is on the specifics of the state sector of the economy and its subsectors: strategic and military. A methodology for measuring the quality of corporate governance by state enterprises is proposed.

Peculiarities and problems of the development of corporate governance of the railway company of «Uzbekistan Temir Yo'llari» JSC in the current economic conditions are considered. The relevance of the chosen direction of research is determined by its high significance for the economic, political and geopolitical development of the railway transport of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Political and geopolitical interest is associated with a significant impact on the national economy, which is provided by the railway transport companies of the Republic of Uzbekistan, as well as with the desire for the interaction of other enterprises in order to obtain additional competitive advantages. The author considers the theoretical issues of corporate governance development, as well as features of the development of railway companies in the Republic of Uzbekistan.

Zur gemeinsamen Positionierung der Botschafter Russlands und Chinas in den USA aus Anlass von Bidens "Gipfel für Demokratie" (Dezember 2021) und dessen 'regelbasierter Weltordnung': • Kommentar: Zum Botschafter-Beitrag und zum Meinungsbeitrag aus Russland (dt.); • Meinungsbeitrag aus Russland: Zum Botschafter-Beitrag und zu Bidens 'Summit for Democracy' 2021 (dt. Übersetzung); • Dokumentation: Online-Beitrag der Botschafter Russlands und Chinas vom 26. November 2021. (dt. Übersetzung); • Textoriginale (engl., russ.).:"Harmonisierung der Interessen im Dialog" versus "Regelbasierte Weltordnung" und Bidens "Gipfel für Demokratie" (2021) • Kommentar von Wilfried Schreiber: 'Denkanstoß und Appell der Vernunft aus Russland und China' • Meinungsbeitrag von Wladimir Pawlenko: 'Russland und China schreiten zu entschlossenen gemeinsamen Aktionen'. In: IA Regnum, Moskau, 28. November 2021. (Übersetzung a. d. Russ. von Rainer Böhme.) • Dokumentation: Gemeinsamer Beitrag der Botschafter Russlands und Chinas in Washington: 'Achtung der demokratischen Rechte der Völker'. Online aus 'The National Interest' vom 26. November 2021. (Übersetzung a. d. Engl. von Rainer Böhme). • Textoriginale: .- Meinungsbeitrag von W. Pawlenko (russ.) vom 28. November 2021; .- Gemeinsamer Beitrag der Botschafter Russlands und Chinas. (engl.) In: 'The National Interest' vom 26. November 2021; .- Gemeinsamer Beitrag der Botschafter Russlands und Chinas. (russ.) Offizieller Wortlaut des Außenministeriums der RF vom 27. November 2021.

В связи с чрезвычайно успешным опытом Китая в сфере государственной молодежной политики, а также с актуальной на данный период времени эпидемиологической повесткой, представляется целесообразным ввести в отечественный научный оборот рецензию на китаязычную статью известного китайского профильного исследователя.
Целью данной работы является знакомство российского научного сообщества с деталями курса государственной молодежной политики Китая в различные периоды крупных эпидемий последних лет.
Задачи настоящей статьи: анализ рассматриваемого фактического материала; анализ позиции автора рецензируемой статьи, как представителя профильных научных кругов Китая.
В работе над статьей были использованы следующие научные методы: диалектический метод, анализ, дедукция, индукция, бихевиористский метод, компаративный метод, ценностно-нормативный подход.
Результат проведенного исследования – комплексное понимание реалий государственной молодежной политики Китая в кризисное для страны время.
Полученные выводы позволяют говорить о высокой степени мобилизации как государственного курса молодежной политики Китая, так и молодежных масс страны в эпидемиологически неблагоприятные временные отрезки.

The concentration of population and productive forces in Russia is significant: 58 % of the country's population lives in 124 major agglomerations. Moreover, 20 largest agglomerations produce 40 % of the country's gross domestic product. However, excessive concentration of resources can lead to "growth diseases" meaning that negative externalities can reduce the concentration's positive effect. Federal, regional, municipal levels of government need to regulate the agglomerative processes for lowering these negative effects. The basic instrument of regulation is the metropolitan governance system. It offers an opportunity to bring an agglomeration as a control object to a necessary state using a set of control mechanisms. Based on content analysis, we performed the author's multilevel decomposition of the metropolitan governance system, which differs from other studies by a greater depth of analysis. As a result, we presented the metropolitan governance system in the form of three subsystems: the control subsystem ("who controls?"), the controlled subsystem ("controls what?"), the subsystem of forward and backward linkages ("controls how?"). Each of these subsystems consists of 16 constituent elements. The elements of the control subsystem are the government bodies' composition and structure; methods for forming the government bodies; the status of agglomeration, its government body and participants; authority's territorial fragmentation. The controlled subsystem includes branches as control objects; responsibilities within the branches (planning, coordination, service provision); territory as a control object; methods for forming the agglomeration's territorial boundaries; methods of distributing the government bodies' functions. The elements of the subsystem of forward and backward linkages are the agglomeration's budget, transfers, taxes; the state (including regulatory and legal) regulation of the agglomeration's development; inter-municipal cooperation; mechanisms of coordinating and expressing the participants' interests; property of agglomeration authorities. For assessing each element, we proposed 46 formalized characteristics and their alternative values. Additionally, we tested four main metropolitan governance models (voluntar y, one-tier, two-tier municipal, regional). © 2019 Institute of Economics, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. ; Рассмотрены основные подсистемы и элементы системы управления агломерацией на базе обобщенного и систематизированного мирового опыта. Дана характеристика управляющей подсистемы моделей управления городской агломерацией.

The article focuses upon the problem of political affiliation in corporate governance. It aims to provide insights into theoretical and methodological aspects of the problem applied to the Russian corporate environment. The author evaluates the academic relevance of the problem in international studies, reviews the underpinning fundamental theories, provides an insight into the construct of political affiliation through the lens of corporate governance, outlines the methodology used in the studies of political affiliation to eventually assess the relevance of the problem to the Russian corporate environment.

Актуальность исследования обусловливается значением, которое имеет эффективное корпоративное управление для деятельности компании в современных условиях. Дается обзор экономической ситуации, сложившейся в современной Великобритании, а также особенностей устройства и функционирования британского бизнеса. Исследуется влияние на политику британских корпораций такого внешнего фактора, как действующее в стране законодательство. Прослеживается связь между системой ценностей, сложившейся на протяжении длительного исторического времени в британском обществе, и системой ценностей, существующей на уровне отдельной корпорации. Рассматривается общий механизм управления, что дополняется изучением функций его отдельных участников. Сравниваются статусы и сопряженные с ними роли, выполняемые акционерами и представителями высшего менеджмента компании. Анализируется структура совета директоров. Раскрываются принципы принятия управленческих решений, степень участия в этом процессе рядовых сотрудников, а также черты личности образцового руководителя. Описываются правила и традиции социального взаимодействия в организации, а также влияние иерархического устройства британского общества на формирование системы статусов и ролей в корпорации. Затрагиваются вопросы, связанные с проблематикой повышения производительности труда, кадровой политикой, подготовкой руководящего звена, а также степенью открытости инновациям. Цель: определение и характеристика показателей эффективности корпоративного управления на примере британской концепции. Методы: социологический анализ, сравнение, обобщение и систематизация на основе теорий М. Вебера и Э. Мэйо. Результаты заключаются в раскрытии характерных черт процесса управления корпорацией в современных социально-экономических условиях, определении факторов, которые влияют на формирование управленческих решений, а также важности изучения британской концепции корпоративного менеджмента. Вывод: отмечается, что британская концепция управления корпорацией в значительной степени соответствует принципам, изложенным в рамках бюрократической теории М. Вебера и доктрины "человеческих отношений" Э. Мэйо. ; The relevance of this research is determined by the importance of effective corporate governance for the company's activities in modern conditions. The paper introduces the overview of the economic situation in modern Britain, as well as the features of the structure and functioning of British business and examines the influence of such external factors as the current legislation on the policy of British corporations. There is a link between the value system that has been established over a long historical period in British society and the value system that exists at the level of a separate Corporation. The General mechanism of management is considered, which is supplemented by the study of the functions of its individual participants. The statuses and associated roles performed by shareholders and representatives of the company's top management are compared. The structure of the Board of Directors is analyzed. The paper reveals the principles of managerial decision-making, the degree of participation of ordinary employees in this process, as well as the personality traits of an exemplary Manager and describes the rules and traditions of social interaction in the organization, as well as the influence of the hierarchical structure of British society on the formation of a system of statuses and roles in the Corporation. The issues related to the problems of improving labor productivity, personnel policy, training of managers, as well as the degree of openness to innovation are discussed. The aim of the research is to define and characterize corporate governance performance indicators based on the example of the British concept. Methods: sociological analysis, comparison, generalization and systematization based on the theories of M. Weber and E. Mayo. The results consist in revealing the characteristic features of the corporate management in modern socio-economic conditions, determining the factors that influence the formation of management decisions, as well as the importance of studying the British concept of corporate management. As a conclusion, it is noted that the British concept of corporate governance largely corresponds to the principles set out in the framework of the bureaucratic theory of M. Weber and the doctrine of "human relations" of E. Mayo.