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The displacement of the modern term ofgovernment for the postmodern one ofgovernance, reveals a new postmodern languagein which one is left to guess that both notions,government and governance, tend to be opposed.Corporate governance signifies the seizure ofpower of financial capitalism over industrialcapitalism, which is nothing more than, on theone hand, to lean towards the maximumprofitability for the shareholders, to raise the valueof everything on the market without moralconsiderations, to, force the actors to look forpermanent risk and to adapt more flexiblehierarchical relations in the administration of thecompany; and on the other, the marginalizationof the working class. Governance has reachedthe political matters turning itself into the modelof public management par excellence, it meansthat the government, diminished to it's basic formguides a civil society, which acquires an importantrole in the creation and follow-up of the differentpolicies, that is to say, that the governmentacquires a flexible form of regulation, it is therewhere political governance leads us, to thealleged self-regulation of private interests thatadded-together are able to shape the generalinterest. Indeed it is a question of a new form ofdomination marked by a political failing, wherethe civil society plays in opposition to the State.Governance is leaning towards a fearsome trapto the democracy, insofar as it is presented as anextension of democracy embodied in a betterparticipation of civil society, destroying the publicperson formed by the union of all others and thebecoming representative of particular interests. ; El desplazamiento del término moderno de gobierno por el postmoderno de gobernanza, pone de manifiesto un nuevo lenguaje postmoderno en el que se deja entrever que ambas nociones, gobierno y gobernanza, tienden a oponerse. La gobemanza corporativa designa la toma del poder del capitalismo financiero sobre el capitalismo industrial, que no es otra cosa que, por un lado, propender por la rentabilidad máxima para los accionistas, valorizar todo en el mercado sin consideraciones morales, obligar a los actores a la búsqueda de riesgo permanente y flexibilizar las relaciones jerárquicas en la Administración de la empresa; y por el otro, la marginación de la clase obrera. La gobernanza ha llegado a los asuntos políticos convirtiéndose en modelo de gestión pública por excelencia, ella trata que el gobierno reducido a su mínima expresión guie a una sociedad civil que adquiere un papel importante en la creación y seguimiento de las diferentes políticas, es decir, que el gobierno adquiere una forma flexible de regulación, es allá donde la gobernanza política nos conduce, a la supuesta autorregulación de los intereses privados que sumados pasan a configurar el interés general. En realidad se trata de una nueva forma de dominación marcada por un desvanecimiento político, donde la sociedad civil juega en contra del Estado. La gobernanza le está tendiendo una temible trampa a la democracia, en tanto se presenta como una ampliación de la democracia materializada en una mejor participación de la sociedad civil, destruyendo la persona pública que se forma por la unión de todos los otros y convirtiéndola en representante de intereses particulares

This article addresses several issues pertinent to health systems governance for health equity. It argues the importance of health systems using measures of positive health (well-being), discriminating in favour of historically less advantaged groups and weighing the costs of health care against investments in the social determinants of health. It cautions that the concept of governance could weaken the role of government, with disequalizing effects, while emphasizing the importance of two elements of good governance (transparency and participation) in health systems decision-making. It distinguishes between participation as volunteer labour and participation as exercising political rights, and questions the assumption that decentralization in health systems is necessarily empowering. It then identifies five health system roles to address issues of equity (educator/watchdog, resource broker, community developer, partnership developer and advocate/catalyst) and the implications of these roles for practice. Drawing on preliminary findings of a global research project on comprehensive primary health care, it discusses political aspects of progressive health system reform and the implications of equity-focused health system governance on health workers' roles, noting the importance of health workers claiming their identity as citizens. The article concludes with a commentary on the inherently political nature of health reforms based on equity; the necessary confrontation with power relations politics involves; and the health systems governance challenge of managing competing health discourses of efficiency and results-based financing, on the one hand, and equity and citizen empowerment, on the other. ; This article addresses several issues pertinent to health systems governance for health equity. It argues the importance of health systems using measures of positive health (well-being), discriminating in favour of historically less advantaged groups and weighing the costs of health care against investments in the social determinants of health. It cautions that the concept of governance could weaken the role of government, with disequalizing effects, while emphasizing the importance of two elements of good governance (transparency and participation) in health systems decision-making. It distinguishes between participation as volunteer labour and participation as exercising political rights, and questions the assumption that decentralization in health systems is necessarily empowering. It then identifies five health system roles to address issues of equity (educator/watchdog, resource broker, community developer, partnership developer and advocate/catalyst) and the implications of these roles for practice. Drawing on preliminary findings of a global research project on comprehensive primary health care, it discusses political aspects of progressive health system reform and the implications of equity-focused health system governance on health workers' roles, noting the importance of health workers claiming their identity as citizens. The article concludes with a commentary on the inherently political nature of health reforms based on equity; the necessary confrontation with power relations politics involves; and the health systems governance challenge of managing competing health discourses of efficiency and results-based financing, on the one hand, and equity and citizen empowerment, on the other.

The purpose of this paper is to show the relationship between co-development projects with transnational interests and the governance of migration by the Spanish and Ecuadorian governments. On one hand, the emergence of co-development is linked with the political dimension of migration, and therefore, with the challenges that its management poses for both the sending and receiving states. Simultaneously, the state exists in a context of the reconfiguration of its traditional functions, and above all, the manner in which it goes about performing them. For these reasons, co-development projects form part of state governance strategies, based on a special understanding of the nexus between migration and development in European social space, involving international organizations, state governments, and civil society, linked by migratory flows. This is demonstrated in the case of Ecuador and Spain. Since Spain stimulated co-development, the implementation of projects with Ecuador has been emphasized, due to the dimensions achieved by Ecuadorian migration. Co-development politics and projects are analyzed in this paper as areas of intervention integrated by values, guide lines and cultural understandings about migration, including appropriate forms of control and management.

The comparative study of local governance has been too focused on the institutional arrangements of the Systems of different nation states rather than the more fundamental issue of the societal functions performed by local government. This article focuses attention on four societal roles that local government systems undertake. They can support political identity, underwrite economic development, facilitate social welfare provision or act as a lifestyle co-ordinator through the practice of community governance. Linking our investigation to the embedded societal roles of local government in different systems opens up the opportunity for a more genuinely global comparative perspective. It also helps us to understand the likely forms of politics associated with different systems of local governance. It also enables us to explore the sustainability of different systems of local governance. It is suggested that a strong system of local government is likely to be one that is able to combine societal roles to a substantial degree. A vulnerable local government system is one trapped with one function that in changing societal and economic circumstances could find itself under threat. ; El estudio comparado de la gobernanza local se ha focalizado excesivamente en los arreglos institucionales de los sistemas de los diferentes Estados-nación en lugar de centrarse en el tema esencial de las funciones sociales que desempeñan los gobiernos locales. Este artículo centra su atención en cuatro roles sociales que desempeñan los sistemas de gobierno local. Pueden proporcionar identidad política, garantizar el desarrollo económico, facilitar la provisión de servicios sociales o actuar como coordinador de la forma de vida mediante la práctica de la gobernanza comunitaria. La vinculación de la investigación a los roles sociales asumidos por los gobiernos locales en los diferentes sistemas proporciona la posibilidad de adoptar una perspectiva global comparada más genuina. También ayuda a comprender las formas que adopta la política asociada a los distintos sistemas de gobernanza local y permite explorar la sostenibilidad de los diferentes sistemas de gobernanza local. Se sugiere que un sistema de gobierno local fuerte es probablemente más capaz de combinar los roles sociales de forma sustancial y que aquellos más vulnerables quedarán atrapados por una sola función que, en un contexto social y económico cambiante, puede quedar amenazada.

The analyses mobilized costs conventional benefits for the evaluation ex ante of the feasibility of technical innovations in the agri-foodstuffs chains are criticized in their capacity to integrate the economic and environmental externalities that structure the development of the innovations. This communication proposes to undergo a methodology that puts in complementariness diagnoses, participating analyses multicriterion and investigations with actors of chains for the evaluation ex-ante of the feasibility of technical innovations different. The application is realized in different chains from processing of fruits in Latin America (Brazil, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Mexico). The results allow to characterize that the conditions of supplying in matera premium (fresh fruit) and the conditions of organization of the chains in the implementation of interactions between different actors; they are strategic elements of the feasibility. On the other hand they show the necessity to improve the methodologic picture proposed to activate "systems of chain innovations" that improve the processes of governance of the technological directions in relation to their environmental impacts and social.

N° ISBN - 978-2-7380-1284-5 ; International audience ; The analyses mobilized costs conventional benefits for the evaluation ex ante of the feasibility of technical innovations in the agri-foodstuffs chains are criticized in their capacity to integrate the economic and environmental externalities that structure the development of the innovations. This communication proposes to undergo a methodology that puts in complementariness diagnoses, participating analyses multicriterion and investigations with actors of chains for the evaluation ex-ante of the feasibility of technical innovations different. The application is realised in different chains from processing of fruits in Latin America (Brazil, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Mexico). The results allow to characterize that the conditions of supplying in matera premium (fresh fruit) and the conditions of organization of the chains in the implementation of interactions between different actors; they are strategic elements of the feasibility. On the other hand they show the necessity to improve the methodologic picture proposed to activate "systems of chain innovations" that improve the processes of gobernancia of the technological directions in relation to their environmental impacts and social.

N° ISBN - 978-2-7380-1284-5 ; International audience ; The analyses mobilized costs conventional benefits for the evaluation ex ante of the feasibility of technical innovations in the agri-foodstuffs chains are criticized in their capacity to integrate the economic and environmental externalities that structure the development of the innovations. This communication proposes to undergo a methodology that puts in complementariness diagnoses, participating analyses multicriterion and investigations with actors of chains for the evaluation ex-ante of the feasibility of technical innovations different. The application is realised in different chains from processing of fruits in Latin America (Brazil, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Mexico). The results allow to characterize that the conditions of supplying in matera premium (fresh fruit) and the conditions of organization of the chains in the implementation of interactions between different actors; they are strategic elements of the feasibility. On the other hand they show the necessity to improve the methodologic picture proposed to activate "systems of chain innovations" that improve the processes of gobernancia of the technological directions in relation to their environmental impacts and social.

La proliferación de entes intermunicipales e intralocales (que involucran actores sociales) que se ha dado en la última década, indica que los decisores políticos advierten la necesidad de avanzar en procesos de coordinación política. Sin embargo, pese a la importancia y cuantía de estas estrategias, la literatura indica que estos intentos no lograron consolidar estructuras institucionalizadas de coordinación y cooperación. Frente a la inestabilidad de estos procesos, el Gobierno Provincial en el 2001 lanzó un proyecto de constitución de Entes de Recaudación Fiscal y Gestión (primer mandato del gobernador De la Sota) y, ante el fracaso, diseñó una nueva iniciativa con la Ley de Regionalización 9602 del año 2005 y hoy en vigencia, que crea Comunidades Regionales en base a los "Departamentos de la Provincia". Este poyecto tiene como objetivo general estudiar los procesos de coordinación socio-política en dos comunidades regionales desde la prespectiva de la gobernanza. El enfoque problematiza dos cuestiones, la democracia de las estructuras y procesos y la efectividad de los mismos en la coordinación-conducción socio-política. En base a estos dos ejes de debate se plantean dos dimensiones de análisis que orientan las siguientes hipótesis de trabajo: A- la construcción de estructuras decisorias departamentales tienen una lógica de inclusión – exclusión que condiciona la representatividad democrática de las mismas. B- La lógica de inclusión-exclusión está enmarcada en una lucha de poder entre actores y grupos con intereses, quienes ven condicionado su éxito (y por tanto el resultado estructural del conjunto) por el capital social estructural que poseen. C- La conformación de un capital social grupal en términos de normas compartidas y de vínculos estructurales, permite procesar los conflictos y condicionan el desempeño de las redes políticas. ; Fil: Mazzalay, Víctor Hugo. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencia Política y Relaciones Internacionales; Argentina ; Fil: Camps, Hernán Ramiro. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencia Política y Relaciones Internacionales; Argentina

Máster en Gestión Sostenible de Recursos Pesqueros ; El concepto de gobernanza del sector pesquero ha evolucionado notablemente a nivel mundial en los últimos años, conectando a instituciones económicas, administrativas, políticas y sociales, legitimando y equilibrando las interacciones entre todos los actores del sector, dentro de un marco de dimensión local, nacional e internacional. En este trabajo se describe el contexto en el que se inscribe la gobernanza del sector pesquero gran canario en la actualidad y los actores involucrados en dicha actividad, así como sus perfiles sociales, funciones e interacciones. Se analiza la gestión pesquera desde el punto de vista de la agilidad en sus funciones de cada una de las partes implicadas en la misma, en base al estudio de las competencias y cometidos otorgados por ley, el papel real ejercido por cada una y la percepción y concepción de las razones que conducen a la actual crisis del sector. La información analizada se obtuvo a partir de una revisión bibliográfica, realización de entrevistas y encuestas a distintas personalidades relacionadas con la actividad pesquera. Se proponen medidas generales para promover un mejor funcionamiento organizativo del sector y fomentar su cohesión. Este trabajo proporciona una visión general de la gobernanza de la pesca en Gran Canaria, como punto de partida para la generación de políticas de gestión que integren la dinámica y la complejidad del sector a partir de un mejor conocimiento del mismo. ; [EN]In recent years, the concept of fisheries governance has evolved notoriously worldwide, connecting economic, political and social institutions, legitimizing and balancing the interactions among all the stakeholders involved in fisheries, in a framework with local, national and international dimensions. This work describes the context in which fisheries governance in Gran Canaria is currently immersed, the actors involved, as well as their social profiles, functions and interactions. Fisheries management is analyzed from the effectiveness point of view, regarding the competencies every stakeholder has by law, their real role in fisheries and their perception of the reasons that lead to the current crisis situation of the fishery at Gran Canaria. The analyzed information was gathered through bibliographic search, interviews and surveys. General measures are referred or proposed to reach an efficient operational basis and promote cohesion. This work provides a general vision of fisheries governance in Gran Canaria, as a starting point to develop management policies/strategies that integrate dynamics and complexity characteristic of fisheries, from a better understanding of the whole system.

Máster en Gestión Sostenible de los Recursos Pesqueros ; El concepto de gobernanza del sector pesquero ha evolucionado notablemente a nivel mundial en los últimos años, conectando a instituciones económicas, administrativas, políticas y sociales, legitimando y equilibrando las interacciones entre todos los actores del sector, dentro de un marco de dimensión local, nacional e internacional. En este trabajo se describe el contexto en el que se inscribe la gobernanza del sector pesquero gran canario en la actualidad y los actores involucrados en dicha actividad, así como sus perfiles sociales, funciones e interacciones. Se analiza la gestión pesquera desde el punto de vista de la agilidad en sus funciones de cada una de las partes implicadas en la misma, en base al estudio de las competencias y cometidos otorgados por ley, el papel real ejercido por cada una y la percepción y concepción de las razones que conducen a la actual crisis del sector. La información analizada se obtuvo a partir de una revisión bibliográfica, realización de entrevistas y encuestas a distintas personalidades relacionadas con la actividad pesquera. Se proponen medidas generales para promover un mejor funcionamiento organizativo del sector y fomentar su cohesión. Este trabajo proporciona una visión general de la gobernanza de la pesca en Gran Canaria, como punto de partida para la generación de políticas de gestión que integren la dinámica y la complejidad del sector a partir de un mejor conocimiento del mismo. ; In recent years, the concept of fisheries governance has evolved notoriously worldwide, connecting economic, political and social institutions, legitimizing and balancing the interactions among all the stakeholders involved in fisheries, in a framework with local, national and international dimensions. This work describes the context in which fisheries governance in Gran Canaria is currently immersed, the actors involved, as well as their social profiles, functions and interactions. Fisheries management is analyzed from the effectiveness point of view, regarding the competencies every stakeholder has by law, their real role in fisheries and their perception of the reasons that lead to the current crisis situation of the fishery at Gran Canaria. The analyzed information was gathered through bibliographic search, interviews and surveys. General measures are referred or proposed to reach an efficient operational basis and promote cohesion. This work provides a general vision of fisheries governance in Gran Canaria, as a starting point to develop management policies/strategies that integrate dynamics and complexity characteristic of fisheries, from a better understanding of the whole system. ; Máster en Gestión Sostenible de Recursos Pesqueros, 2010-2011

La reflexión desarrollada en este artículo se realiza desde Cuenca, antigua capital regional de la sierra ecuatoriana, caracterizada históricamente por su aislamiento geográfico y la emigración al exterior. El artículo emplea un nivel intermedio de teoría para interrogar a la noción de gobernanza sobre sus posibilidades de aplicación en un contexto de ciudadanía de baja intensidad. Sus conclusiones indican que actuar localmente y consumir globalmente sería el sucedáneo de una ciudadanía informada y crítica, al interior de cierta pragmática social que parece prolongar una modernidad barroca ligada culturalmente a la ética del conformismo. ; The reflection of this article was developed in the city of Cuenca, an Ancient Regional Capital of the Ecuadorian Highlands historically characterized by its geographical isolation and emigration abroad. The paper employs an intermediate level of theory to interrogate the notion of governance on its applicability in a context of low-intensity democracy. Their conclusions indicate that acting locally and consuming globally would be a substitute for an informed and critical citizenship, inside a social pragmatics which seems to prolong a modern baroque culturally tied to an ethics of conformism. ; Cuenca ; no. 22

The article discerns that "governance" comes from "governability" His genealogy to be found in the report of the Trilateral Commission in 1975 on the crisis of democracies. The report stated that citizens and groups in democratic societies were demanding an excessive volume of rights and claims, to encumber the responsiveness of State. One of the authors of the report came to say that one of the causes of the crisis of democracies was too much participation. ; El artículo discierne que "gobernanza" viene de "gobernabilidad". Su genealogía debe buscarse en el informe de la Comisión Trilateral de 1975 sobre la crisis de las democracias. En este informe se señalaba que los ciudadanos y grupos de las sociedades democráticas estaban exigiendo un volumen excesivo de derechos y reivindicaciones, que sobrecargaban la capacidad de respuesta del Estado. Uno de los autores del informe llegaba a afirmar que una de las causas de la crisis de las democracias era el exceso de participación.

The article discerns that "governance" comes from "governability" His genealogy to be found in the report of the Trilateral Commission in 1975 on the crisis of democracies. The report stated that citizens and groups in democratic societies were demanding an excessive volume of rights and claims, to encumber the responsiveness of State. One of the authors of the report came to say that one of the causes of the crisis of democracies was too much participation. ; El artículo discierne que "gobernanza" viene de "gobernabilidad". Su genealogía debe buscarse en el informe de la Comisión Trilateral de 1975 sobre la crisis de las democracias. En este informe se señalaba que los ciudadanos y grupos de las sociedades democráticas estaban exigiendo un volumen excesivo de derechos y reivindicaciones, que sobrecargaban la capacidad de respuesta del Estado. Uno de los autores del informe llegaba a afirmar que una de las causas de la crisis de las democracias era el exceso de participación.

En este artículo se analiza la estabilidad y gobernabilidad de las democracias contemporáneas. Se encuentra que la democracia ha experimentado transformaciones desde el período antiguo hasta el período actual. Junto a estas transformaciones han existido distintas concepciones y valores democráticos ante problemas de ingobernabilidad y riesgos democráticos. Los aspectos mencionados se revisan teóricamente. Se concluye que en la actualidad una demandada concepción integral de la democracia destaca frente a la crisis, desafíos y riesgos. En este contexto, los valores democráticos resultan fundamentales para la estabilidad y gobernabilidad de las democracias contemporáneas. ; This article presents an analysis on the stability and governance of contemporary democracies. The democracy has experienced transformations since ancient ages until the current period. Together with these transformations had existed different conceptions and democratic values facing in-governance problems and democratic risks. The mentioned aspects were theoretically reviewed. The conclusion is that in the current affairs an integral conception of the democracy is demanded against crisis, challenges and risks. In this context, democratic values are fundamental for the stability and governance of contemporary democracies. ; 49-73 ; semestral