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The article attempts to provide a theoretical discussion on territorial governance by presenting both the neo-institutionalist position and the De Sousa Santos' alternative models, with a view of highlighting the dimensions that can be relevant to understanding the territorial dynamics of Local Agro-food Systems (LAFS). The paper aims to build up a system of indicators, structured in four dimensions, concerning the territorial governance of LAFS: (i) multi-level coordination; (ii) democratic participation and accountability; (iii) cooperation among producers and other stakeholders and (iv) relationships with the environment. We verify, as a hypothesis, that the typology of markets to which the identity-based products are directed plays a decisive role in the way that processes of territorial governance of LAFS are constructed. The results of an empirical research, developed in four LAFS in Mexico, are presented: prickly pear cactus in Morelos, blackberry in Michoacán, cuitlacoche (corn smut) in Tlaxcala and coffee in Veracruz. Two types of territorial governance of LAFS may be distinguished: those that can be strengthened by the geographical and organisational proximity of the markets and the action of local stakeholders and governments—prickly pear cactus and cuitlacoche—versus those which are devoted to export and are conducted by large companies in which marketing networks involve certification mechanisms and a large number of institutions—coffee and blackberry. This is a product of the CONACYT Project 280604 and UNAM-PAPIIT Project IN303117. The project from the Spanish National Plan, EXTERSIAL II AGL2012-36537, has also contributed to the elaboration of the article.

Governability is an old and significant worry and a part of the speech of political western thought. It appears under this concept when a systemic crisis of wellbeing capitalism casts some doubt on governments' capacity and stability to make legitimate and effective decisions. By the public policies' approach adopted by International credit organizations, governance is offered in response to governability crisis., centered on State capacity to establish a network of interdependent horizontal relations with other institutional actors, both State and non-State. Searching for theories or for a social dynamics' paradigm, governance shifts away from the traditional western political State-centric speech, translating into a State present vision for social order building and chances for more inclusive societies. This article offers a reflection on the governance concept, emphasizing on non-State implications within its essential core. ; La gobernabilidad es una vieja y significativa preocupación que forma parte de la tradición de discurso del pensamiento político occidental que aparece bajo ese concepto cuando una crisis sistémica del capitalismo de bienestar pone en dudas la capacidad y estabilidad de los gobiernos para tomar decisiones legítimas y efectivas. A través del enfoque de políticas públicas adoptado por los organismos internacionales de crédito, la gobernanza, se ofrece como la respuesta a la crisis de gobernabilidad y se centra no en el fortalecimiento del monopolio de la decisión estatal, sino en su capacidad de establecer una red de relaciones horizontales de interdependencia con otros actores institucionales tanto estatales como no estatales. En la búsqueda de una gran teoría de las dinámicas sociales, la gobernanza, se aparta de la matriz estado-céntrica del discurso político de la modernidad lo que en definitiva se traduce en visiones acerca de la existencia misma del Estado en la construcción del orden social y en la posibilidad de sociedades más inclusivas. Este artículo ofrece una reflexión del concepto de gobernanza, con énfasis en las implicancias a-estatales de su núcleo significante.

RESUMEN: Este texto pretende compilar algunas herramientas que permita entender un poco más sobre gobernanza en salud dentro del ámbito internacional y nacional; definiciones, actores y, posiciones de algunos escritores. Contiene elementos que ayudan al análisis de la gobernanza dentro de los países y como su concepción aplicada ayuda al desarrollo de los países y a la planificación en salud. Nos muestra como desde el accionar internacional, nacional y la interdisciplinariedad por medio del trabajo intersectorial entre gobiernos y organizaciones definen los rumbos de las acciones e implementación de programas que ayudan a mejorar las condiciones de salud de las comunidades. Tiene elementos que nos permiten en visualizar un poco el accionar de los gobiernos por medio de acuerdos y decisiones en favor de la salud pública mundial y ejemplos de cómo el ejercicio de la gobernanza es fundamental para la toma de decisiones, nos muestra también algunos resultados del accionar en salud a nivel internacional y local. Este texto nos menciona condiciones favorables y dificultades, como también de las alianzas que realizan los diferentes actores que intervienen para lograr impacto en salud a escala mundial o regional. Responsabilidades y compromisos de los actores, además de obstáculos y desafíos que enfrentan para que el ejercicio de la gobernanza en salud sea más efectivo y su accionar lleguen a las poblaciones más vulnerables. ; ABSTRACT: This text aims to compile some tools for understanding a little more about health governance within the international and national levels; definitions, actors and writers positions. It contains elements that help the analysis of governance within countries and applied as conception development aid to countries and health planning. It shows how from international action, national and interdisciplinarity through intersectoral collaboration between governments and organizations define the directions of actions and implementation of programs that help improve the health conditions of communities. It has elements that allow us to visualize a little the actions of governments through agreements and decisions for global public health and examples of how the exercise of governance is essential for decision-making, also shows some results health actions at international and local level. This text mentions us favorable conditions and difficulties, as well as alliances made by the different actors involved to achieve health impact on a global or regional scale. Responsibilities and commitments of the actors, along with obstacles and challenges they face in the exercise of health governance more effective and their actions reach the most vulnerable populations.

RESUMEN: Las características predominantes de la descentralizaciónen América Latina condicionan el ejercicio y alcance del poder político regional y local, y por consiguiente las prácticas de gobernanza en las unidades subnacionales. Este artículo analiza cómo las dimensiones política, administrativa y fiscal de la descentralización determinan rasgos específicos de la gobernanza en los municipios. En términos generales, a mayor grado de descentralización, mayores pueden ser los alcances de la gobernanza en las unidades subnacionales descentralizadas. Adicionalmente, examina las implicaciones que tienen para la gobernanza las dos orientaciones predominantes de la descentralización en América Latina: una, con énfasis en aspectos económicos; y otra, con tendencias sociales y democratizadoras. ; ABSTRACT: The predominant characteristics of decentralization in Latin America condition the exercise and scope of regional and local political power, and therefore the governance practices in subnational units. This article discusses how political, administrative and fiscal aspects of decentralization determine specific features of governance in municipalities and cities. Generally speaking, the greater the degree of decentralization, greater may be the scope of governance in decentralized subnational units. Additionally, examines the implications that the two dominant orientations of decentralization in Latin America: one, with emphasis on economics; and other, with social and democratizing trends, have for governance.

Nowadays, transparency and Governance are relevant for Spain. Especially, for the dissatisfied citizenship and the weakness in national and local institutions over the last few years, with results like not trusting, less guarantee on healthcare and education system, the corruption in public administration, politics-economic issues, and so on. Although, in the European Union, Spain has been one of the last countries to regulate this issue, whit Act 19/2013 there are new objectives relating to open government, citizenship, technology, accountability. Moreover in relation with the structure of administration because the "commission for transparency and good governance" was initiated on last 19th January. In general, its effectiveness in moderating this issue and applying measures in order to get administration systems cleaner in countries like Spain. ; Transparencia y Buen Gobierno son términos que en este tiempo resultan de interés para una España en crisis. La insatisfacción ciudadana y el debilitamiento institucional local y nacional son consecuencia de un declive en la garantía de los derechos sanitarios y educativos, de la falta de confianza en la administración pública, así como de problemas de corrupción en la gestión de lo público y derivados de la situación económica de los mercados. A pesar de un retraso en la regulación del tema, con la expedición de la Ley 19 de 2013 el gobierno español se suma a los Estados miembros de la Unión Europea que han presentado propuestas a nivel de gobierno, ciudadanía y nuevas tecnologías. Con esta ley se modifica la estructura de la administración pública para crear el Consejo de Transparencia y Buen Gobierno. ¿Es esta respuesta institucional una medida eficaz para la solución de la llamada crisis institucional en España? ¿Puede esta reforma oxigenar al aparato administrativo español?

The analyses mobilized costs conventional benefits for the evaluation ex ante of the feasibility of technical innovations in the agri-foodstuffs chains are criticized in their capacity to integrate the economic and environmental externalities that structure the development of the innovations. This communication proposes to undergo a methodology that puts in complementariness diagnoses, participating analyses multicriterion and investigations with actors of chains for the evaluation ex-ante of the feasibility of technical innovations different. The application is realized in different chains from processing of fruits in Latin America (Brazil, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Mexico). The results allow to characterize that the conditions of supplying in matera premium (fresh fruit) and the conditions of organization of the chains in the implementation of interactions between different actors; they are strategic elements of the feasibility. On the other hand they show the necessity to improve the methodologic picture proposed to activate "systems of chain innovations" that improve the processes of governance of the technological directions in relation to their environmental impacts and social.

N° ISBN - 978-2-7380-1284-5 ; International audience ; The analyses mobilized costs conventional benefits for the evaluation ex ante of the feasibility of technical innovations in the agri-foodstuffs chains are criticized in their capacity to integrate the economic and environmental externalities that structure the development of the innovations. This communication proposes to undergo a methodology that puts in complementariness diagnoses, participating analyses multicriterion and investigations with actors of chains for the evaluation ex-ante of the feasibility of technical innovations different. The application is realised in different chains from processing of fruits in Latin America (Brazil, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Mexico). The results allow to characterize that the conditions of supplying in matera premium (fresh fruit) and the conditions of organization of the chains in the implementation of interactions between different actors; they are strategic elements of the feasibility. On the other hand they show the necessity to improve the methodologic picture proposed to activate "systems of chain innovations" that improve the processes of gobernancia of the technological directions in relation to their environmental impacts and social.

N° ISBN - 978-2-7380-1284-5 ; International audience ; The analyses mobilized costs conventional benefits for the evaluation ex ante of the feasibility of technical innovations in the agri-foodstuffs chains are criticized in their capacity to integrate the economic and environmental externalities that structure the development of the innovations. This communication proposes to undergo a methodology that puts in complementariness diagnoses, participating analyses multicriterion and investigations with actors of chains for the evaluation ex-ante of the feasibility of technical innovations different. The application is realised in different chains from processing of fruits in Latin America (Brazil, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Mexico). The results allow to characterize that the conditions of supplying in matera premium (fresh fruit) and the conditions of organization of the chains in the implementation of interactions between different actors; they are strategic elements of the feasibility. On the other hand they show the necessity to improve the methodologic picture proposed to activate "systems of chain innovations" that improve the processes of gobernancia of the technological directions in relation to their environmental impacts and social.

the paradigm of water management in our country has been undergoing profound changes through the transformation of various structural aspects of water policy. Changes such as those in the lines of government, significant changes in the regulation of this policy in the Statutes of Autonomy. The commitment to new technologies (desalination plants and reuse of used water), the general public's sensitivity to water quality and quantity problems and the remanagement of groundwater internally. However, one of the most important elements of such a change of model is that recorded in the articulation of participation. The experience of the Underwater Working Group in organising a participatory process for the reform of the revised Water Act is a significant example of such a change. Evidence that social participation is an indispensable tool for stable groundwater management in Spain. This participatory process has been enriched by a different way of building knowledge than usual, an interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary construction method that has made knowledge transfer and practical usefulness robust. This work has been organised by the Working Group on Under-Mediterranean Waters. ; El paradigma de la gestión del agua en nuestro país, viene siendo objeto de profundos cambios mediante la transformación de diversos aspectos estructurales de la política del agua. Cambios como los habidos en las líneas de gobierno, cambios significativos en la regulación de esta política en los Estatutos de Autonomía. La apuesta por nuevas tecnologías (desaladoras y reutilización de aguas usadas), la sensibilidad del público en general ante los problemas de calidad y cantidad del agua, así como la reordenación de las aguas subterráneas, en el plano interno. Sin embargo, uno de los más importantes exponentes de dicho cambio de modelo es el registrado en la articulación de la participación. La experiencia del Grupo de Trabajo del Agua Subterránea en la organización de un proceso participativo para la reforma del texto refundido de la ...

Web 2.0 is considered as the evolution envisioned on the Internet, from traditional websites to user-directed applications, whose use has been interaction and social networks; that can serve content by introducing interactive and visual webs. The objective of this article is to analyze the theoretical approaches related to Web 2.0, contribution to accountability in governance, governance; Open Government, Transparency and Citizen Participation The methodology consisted of conducting a tour of refereed articles and scientific research on the development of various Internet applications from primary sources. Concluding that the use of Web 2.0 should aim to improve the relations of governments with their citizens, other government agencies and with private enterprise, to raise the levels of confidence of citizens in their governments and eliminate opacity in administrative processes and accountability. ; Recibido: 11 de abril del 2019Aprobado: 29 de mayo del 2019La Web 2.0 se considera como la evolución vislumbrada en Internet, desde las webs tradicionales a las aplicaciones dirigidas a usuarios, cuyo uso ha sido la interacción y redes sociales; que pueden servir contenido introduciendo webs interactivas y visuales. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar los enfoques teóricos referentes a la Web 2.0, contribución en la rendición de cuentas en la gobernanza, gobernabilidad; gobierno abierto, transparencia y la participación ciudadana La metodología consistió en efectuar un recorrido sobre artículos arbitrados e investigaciones científicas sobre el desarrollo de diversas aplicaciones en Internet a partir de fuentes primarias. Concluyéndose que el uso de la Web 2.0 debe apuntar a mejorar las relaciones de los gobiernos con sus ciudadanos, otras dependencias gubernamentales y con la empresa privada, para elevar los niveles de confianza de los ciudadanos en sus gobiernos y eliminar la opacidad en los procesos administrativos y de rendición de cuentas.

This article was prepared based on the research carried out by the University of Applied and Environmental Sciences and the Colombian Olympic Committee, in which the state of governance and legitimacy of Colombian sports federations is determined. The results show the existence of weaknesses related to gender imbalance, as well as solidarity with athletes and lower-ranking institutions; the study established the need to structure the creation of a good governance observatory. The sample was taken from 8 federations out of a total of 19, in which their participation aims at the recognition of indirect actions that would present elements of transparency, democracy, separation of powers and democracy, through punctual elements such as their web page, statutes, government plans, among others; these to be shown as the basis of governance and legitimacy. The research focused on evaluating the national sports federations, based on a study carried out by the international organization Play the Game that evaluated the state of governance and the legitimacy of the international sports federations, which are part of the Olympic program. ; Con base en la investigación que adelantó la Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales y el Comité Olímpico Colombiano, se elaboró el presente artículo, en el que se determina el estado de la gobernanza y legitimidad de las federaciones deportivas colombianas. Los resultados evidencian la existencia de debilidades relacionadas con el desequilibrio de género, como también, sobre la solidaridad con atletas e instituciones de menor jerarquía; el estudio estableció la necesidad de estructurar la creación de un observatorio de buena gobernanza. La muestra estuvo determinada, por ocho federaciones deportivas colombianas, en una población total de 19, cuya participación está reflejada en dar a conocer a través de elementos puntuales como su página web, sus estatutos, sus planes de gobierno, entre otros, acciones indirectas que evidencian elementos de transparencia, democracia, separación ...

It is not easy to identify where the concept that the law must be obeyed comes from. This article first traces some notes on the role played by some religions of the past in the development and consolidation of what is now known as governance. It then identifies a number of elements from the teachings of the Bahá'í Faith that might relate to global governance, which emerged throughout the 19th century and have been practiced around the world ever since, in many places as its first democratic experience. ; No es fácil identificar de dónde proviene el concepto de que la ley debe ser acatada y obedecida. Este artículo traza primero algunos apuntes sobre el papel desempeñado por algunas religiones del pasado en el desarrollo y consolidación de lo que ahora se conoce como gobernanza. A continuación, se identifican los conceptos de las enseñanzas de la Fe bahá'í que pudieran relacionarse con la gobernanza global, que surgieron a lo largo del siglo XIX y se han practicado desde entonces en todo el mundo, en muchos lugares como su primera experiencia democrática.

This text reflects on the interaction that exists between governance and governability. When governance emerges as an aspect that derives from governability –as a deepening and externalization of this–, we point out that governance needs, for its construction, the action of subjects and institutions, the same ones that previously constituted it. The central idea is to show the possibility of establishing a political reflection on governance through the geographical discussion on the territory. In this sense, what is transforming are the relationships that are established between these agents and therefore there should lie their specificity and therefore, the contradiction between governability and governance should be located in those who execute it, as well as in the structures that emerge from said action. The case of environmental governance allows us to observe that the problem lies in the tensions between governance and political systems, as well as to identify the specificity of the agents involved in their operation. In short, it is argued that governance is built from experiences of differentiation of governance, which is achieved through a territorial analysis, its materialization through the various processes that territorialize social practices. ; En este texto se reflexiona en torno a la interacción que existe entre gobernanza y gobernabilidad. Al emerger la gobernanza como un aspecto que deriva desde la gobernabilidad –como una profundización y externalización de esta–, señalamos que la gobernanza necesita para su construcción la acción de los sujetos y las instituciones, las mismas que lo constituían previamente. La idea central es mostrar la posibilidad de establecer una reflexión política de la gobernanza a través de la discusión geográfica sobre el territorio. En ese sentido, lo que va transformándose son las relaciones que se establecen entre estos agentes y por lo tanto ahí debiese radicar su especificidad y, por lo tanto, la contradicción entre gobernabilidad y gobernanza debiese estar ...

Las prácticas de gobernanza permiten mejorar el diálogo entre diferentes sectores y satisfacer los intereses de los actores involucrados. Especialmente, el sector eléctrico por su impacto económico, ambiental y social requiere del gobierno conjunto, el establecimiento de acuerdos y el control mutuo. A partir de las relaciones de gobernanza entre los actores, es posible establecer una red interorganizacional de gobernanza cuya estructura es evaluada con indicadores cuantitativos. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo medir la estructura de la red interorganizacional de la gobernanza en el sector eléctrico colombiano. Con este fin, se llevó a cabo una revisión documental para establecer el listado de actores involucrados y las relaciones de gobernanza que establecen entre sí. Los resultados muestran que las características estructurales de la red, específicamente la densidad, la cantidad de componentes y la centralización dan cuenta de un estilo tradicional de la gobernanza en el sector. A partir de estos resultados, se infiere que el sector debe implementar diferentes prácticas orientadas a crear mayor cantidad de relaciones de gobernanza e integrar actores que actualmente no están conectados. --- Governance practices allow to improve the dialogue between different sectors and to satisfy the interests of the actors involved. Especially, the electricity sector, due to its economic, environmental and social impact, requires joint government, the establishment of agreements and mutual control. Based on the governance relationships between the actors, it is possible to establish an interorganizational network of governance whose structure is evaluated with quantitative indicators. The objective of this work is to measure the structure of the interorganizational network of governance in the Colombian electricity sector. To this end, a documentary review was carried out to establish the list of actors involved and the governance relationships that they establish among themselves. The results show that the structural characteristics of the network, specifically the density, the number of components and the centralization, account for a traditional style of governance in the sector. Based on these results, it is inferred that the sector should implement different practices aimed at creating a greater number of governance relationships and integrating actors that are not currently connected.

Luego de más de 25 años de historia el sistema iberoamericano atraviesa un proceso de consolidación institucional signado por la ininterrumpida concreción de cumbres políticas, la proliferación de organismos especializados y la ejecución de programas específicos de cooperación. No obstante ello, un asunto de reconocida trascendencia internacional y regional como es la seguridad no ha recibido aún un tratamiento comprehensivo y continuado, limitándose su recepción a iniciativas de alcance parcial o declaraciones no vinculantes. A pesar de las perennes diferencias de contexto estratégico, esquemas subregionales de cooperación y prioridades de agenda a ambos lados del Atlántico, la gestión de la seguridad en tanto política pública representa un necesario eje de trabajo para los Estados iberoamericanos. En consecuencia, el presente documento tiene por objeto fundamentar la importancia y pertinencia temporal de su inclusión en los planes de acción del sistema, además de esbozar posibles líneas de cooperación técnica en el tema. ; After more than 25 years of history the Ibero-American system is undergoing a process of institutional consolidation affected by the uninterrupted realization of political summits, the proliferation of specialized agencies and the execution of specific cooperation programs. Nevertheless, a matter of international and regional importance such as security has not yet received a comprehensive and continuous treatment, finding limited its reception to initiatives of partial scope and non-binding declarations. Despite the differences in strategic context, sub-regional cooperation schemes and agendas on both sides of the Atlantic, security policy management represents a necessary axis of work for IberoAmerican States. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to substantiate the importance and timeliness of its inclusion in the system's action plans, as well as to outline possible lines of technical cooperation on the subject.