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Blockchain is a new information technology that can be used in many areas of human activity. The fi rst and most famous example of the use of blockchain technology is the Bitcoin cryptocurrency. Today, cryptocurrency has transformed into a publicly recognized means of payment, a virtual currency that is accepted by large and small enterprises, corporations and services. Today, they conduct research and implement a number of projects using Blockchain technology in such areas as healthcare, media, electronic voting, fi le storage, smart contracts, insurance, the public sector (issuing passports, collecting taxes, registering land plots), etc. The IBM Corporation is researching Blockchain technology and is working on the creation of software, with the help of which partners will be able to conclude digital contracts that will be recorded in the global network. IBM is also implementing a project called Adept, which aims to track network-connected devices using Blockchain technology. The purpose of this article is to study the directions of using Blockchain in public policy.

Institutional analysis and analysis of documents of key educational integration
processes in Europe: Bologna process and Copenhagen process. Revelation of
mechanisms of governance of educational areas created on the basis of these
processes and comparison of this mechanisms with ones of governance of the
common space of research and education including cultural aspects that is being build
between the EU and Russia. Conclusions: no single center in Bologna process, in
spite of existence of the Bologna Follow-Up Group as formal governance body; the
governance body of Copenhagen process is definite and it is the same organization
that started the process; such model is more efficient.

The article presents the main theoretical and methodological approaches to the study of regional governance, existing in sociology. The author comes to the conclusion that, in the framework of the study of regional governance in Russia, structural-functional, neoinstitutional, activity approaches possess adequate analytical and explanatory potential, which will allow to highlight the criteria for the formation and functioning of the regional governance model in modern Russian society.

The article deals with governance system improvement with public property in
the course of innovation activity. The main governance principles with public
property are picked out and innovation tendencies of governance system
improvement with public property are determined.

In analyzing European institutional structures, the multilevel governance literature speaks of mutual interdependence, of cooperative & coordinated processes between different levels of authority. The emergence of these processes is sometimes associated with the disappearance of hierarchical relationships organized across vertical channels of communication. This type of hierarchy, which is declared "eroded," is not further specified. In the first part of the article, a definition of hierarchy is given & an attempt is made to develop a diversified concept of hierarchy consisting of two types: unilateral & asymmetrically interdependent. The second part applies this modified concept of hierarchy to relationship structures in those federations that are part of the European multilevel polity, & examines the types of hierarchy that exist between federal & federated levels when the latter act within the European framework. The external policies of German & Belgian federated units are analyzed in a comparative perspective. Adapted from the source document.

In this article, multilevel governance (MLG) is problematized & treated as a dependent variable. It is argued that processes of globalization shed considerable light on the development of MLG. In order to conceptualize "globalization," I turn to the field of international political economy, specifically, neo-Gramscian critical theory. Since critical theory seems to outline -- above all -- the distinctive political & policy aspects of globalization, the approach gives way to the development of a causal link between globalization & governance. The relevance of globalization to governance & MLG is further shown by elaborating on a particular level of governance: the subnational sphere of the city. It is concluded that critical theory is indeed relevant in explaining globalization & governance, & that a macroperspective can be used in conjunction with a more meso-style, MLG approach. Adapted from the source document.

В связи с чрезвычайно успешным опытом Китая в сфере государственной молодежной политики, а также с актуальной на данный период времени эпидемиологической повесткой, представляется целесообразным ввести в отечественный научный оборот рецензию на китаязычную статью известного китайского профильного исследователя.
Целью данной работы является знакомство российского научного сообщества с деталями курса государственной молодежной политики Китая в различные периоды крупных эпидемий последних лет.
Задачи настоящей статьи: анализ рассматриваемого фактического материала; анализ позиции автора рецензируемой статьи, как представителя профильных научных кругов Китая.
В работе над статьей были использованы следующие научные методы: диалектический метод, анализ, дедукция, индукция, бихевиористский метод, компаративный метод, ценностно-нормативный подход.
Результат проведенного исследования – комплексное понимание реалий государственной молодежной политики Китая в кризисное для страны время.
Полученные выводы позволяют говорить о высокой степени мобилизации как государственного курса молодежной политики Китая, так и молодежных масс страны в эпидемиологически неблагоприятные временные отрезки.

The article focuses upon the problem of political affiliation in corporate governance. It aims to provide insights into theoretical and methodological aspects of the problem applied to the Russian corporate environment. The author evaluates the academic relevance of the problem in international studies, reviews the underpinning fundamental theories, provides an insight into the construct of political affiliation through the lens of corporate governance, outlines the methodology used in the studies of political affiliation to eventually assess the relevance of the problem to the Russian corporate environment.