A number of Defence organizations worldwide are moving towards outsourcing. The United Arab Emirates Air Force & Air Defence (UAE AF&AD) is also transforming some of its activities from military entities into civilian organizations. This paper studies the risks associated with the transformation of the UAE AF&AD Flight Test Centre (FTC) into a civilian organization to become a competitive, independent and autonomous outsourcing agency able to undertake additional, complex and specialized aeronautical projects.In this paper, the author describes the FTC "AS IS" organization, mission and function while focusing on the future "TO BE". He underlines the existing challenges and develops the future needs of the FTC. In his mind, it is clear that the future of the FTC has to be sustainable, competitive, process oriented, cohesive and dynamic in response to changes. The need of an enterprise framework is, in the authors view, a critical matter. The greatest challenge is to identify or develop the right framework with a risk dimension and governance for a specific FTC application: a framework that will assist the FTC to identify, determine and assess at an earlier stage various risks ; Ce document étudie les risques associés à une transformation du Centre d'Essais en Vol (Flight Test Centre) de l'UAE AF & AD en une organisation civile compétitive, indépendante et autonome, capable d'entreprendre des projets aéronautiques complexes.Dans cette thèse, l'auteur décrit le FTC « PRESENT », tel qu'il est aujourd'hui, sa mission et sa fonction, tout en ayant comme perspective l'avenir, le FTC « FUTUR ». Il souligne les défis existants et développe les besoins futurs du FTC.L'auteur résume la description générale du Cadre d'Architecture d'Entreprise. Dans sa tentative d'identifier le cadre le plus approprié, il compare quatre cadres de référence : « The John Zachman Enterprise Architecture Framework, The Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF), Federal Enterprise Architecture (FEA) et The Gartner Methodology ». ...
In: Strategic policy: the journal of the International Strategic Studies Association ; the international journal of national management, Band 37, Heft 10, S. 10-11
Climate change is one of the main global challenges of the 21st century. The international agenda has come a long way since the approval of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. The international community has understood that the mitigation agenda will not be enough to address the problems associated with climate change and the latest international instruments have incorporated adaptation as a central issue in the response to it. States have been approving Nationally Determined Contributions within the framework of the Paris Agreement. In these contributions, the generation of public policy to promote adaptation at the national level has been established as a central element. However, a fundamental challenge of adaptation is that it must be studied and developed locally; therefore, national, and international instruments can stimulate and promote these processes. Nevertheless, it will be the local authorities and actors who will determine the progress of these processes.This article focuses on analyzing the influence of actors and their frames of reference in local planning processes and the integration of adaptation to climate change. We studied the cases of Upala, Alajuela in Costa Rica, and San Francisco del Valle de Ocotepeque in Honduras, to understand how these frameworks influenced the development of local public policies that integrated risk management and climate change adaptation measures.The results show that the referential frameworks of the actors influence how risk and climate change are understood and the assessment of the measures that were included in the local plan. Thus, using comparative case studies applied to countries is a key tool for analyzing international phenomena. Although adaptation is a locally led process, its study, practice, and instruments that facilitate its progress demand research processes that allow the different practices and associated problems to be compared internationally. From the international relations agenda, the study of these adaptation practices of different countries is a key tool in the study of the international agendas for adaptation and response to climate change.
Climate change is one of the main global challenges of the 21st century. The international agenda has come a long way since the approval of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. The international community has understood that the mitigation agenda will not be enough to address the problems associated with climate change and the latest international instruments have incorporated adaptation as a central issue in the response to it. States have been approving Nationally Determined Contributions within the framework of the Paris Agreement. In these contributions, the generation of public policy to promote adaptation at the national level has been established as a central element. However, a fundamental challenge of adaptation is that it must be studied and developed locally; therefore, national, and international instruments can stimulate and promote these processes. Nevertheless, it will be the local authorities and actors who will determine the progress of these processes.
This article focuses on analyzing the influence of actors and their frames of reference in local planning processes and the integration of adaptation to climate change. We studied the cases of Upala, Alajuela in Costa Rica, and San Francisco del Valle de Ocotepeque in Honduras, with the aim of understanding how these frameworks influenced the development of local public policies that integrated risk management and climate change adaptation measures.
The results show that the referential frameworks of the actors influence the way in which risk and climate change are understood and the assessment of the measures that were included in the local plan.Thus, using comparative case studies applied to countries is a key tool for analyzing international phenomena. Although adaptation is a locally led process, its study, practice, and instruments that facilitate its progress demand research processes that allow the different practices and associated problems to be compared internationally. From the international relations agenda, the study of these adaptation practices of different countries is a key tool in the analysis of the international agendas for adaptation and response to climate change.
This article offers an analysis of the challenges that are involved in the governance of a municipal tourist destination in Viña del Mar, and a study of the cooperation and networking actions among the municipal, private, and community actors that help strengthen this destination. The principal aim is to analyze the scope of the Technical Tourism Board of the Municipality of Viña del Mar in the promotion of tourism governance. In terms of the structure of the article, the first step is to reconstruct the qualitative scope of the discussion on tourism, especially the formulation of different public policies in recent years. In a second moment, we approach the debates and resolutions that have taken place on the Technical Tourism Board of the Municipality of Viña del Mar, by means of a documentary and an ethnographic review. The suggested hypothesis is that public policies in tourism have sought to articulate the action of multiple public-private actors through agencies such as the National Tourism Service (Sernatur) ever since the 1990s, but they have neglected the participation of local actors such as the municipalities. ; El presente artículo ofrece un análisis sobre los desafíos que implica la gobernanza de un destino turístico municipal en Viña del Mar, así como el estudio de las acciones de cooperación y creación de redes entre los actores municipales, los privados y la comunidad que ayudan en el fortalecimiento de este destino. El objetivo central es analizar los alcances de la Mesa Técnica de Turismo de la Municipalidad de Viña del Mar en la promoción de una gobernanza turística. En términos de estructura del artículo, en un primer momento se reconstruyen los alcances cualitativos que ha tenido la discusión sobre el turismo, en especial la formulación de las distintas políticas públicas en los últimos años. En un segundo momento, se abordan los debates y las resoluciones que se han dado en la Mesa Técnica de Turismo de la Municipalidad de Viña del Mar, a través de una revisión documental y etnográfica. Se sugiere como hipótesis que las políticas públicas en turismo han buscado articular desde la década de los noventa del siglo XX la acción de múltiples actores público-privados, a través de organismos como el Servicio Nacional de Turismo (Sernatur), pero han descuidado la participación de actores locales como los municipios. ; Cet article propose une analyse des défis qu'impliquent la gestion d'une destination touristique municipale comme Viña del Mar et l'étude des actions de coopération et de mise en réseau des acteurs municipaux, privés comme communautaires, contribuant à promouvoir cette destination. L'objectif principal de l'ètude consiste en l'analyse de la portée du Conseil technique du tourisme de la municipalité de Viña del Mar pour la promotion de la gestion du tourisme. Nous reconstruirons, dans un premier temps, la portée qualitative de la discussion sur le tourisme, en particulier la formulation des différentes politiques publiques de ces dernières années. Nous aborderons ensuite les débats et les résolutions ayant été remis au Conseil technique du tourisme de la municipalité de Viña del Mar au travers d'une revue documentaire et ethnographique. L'hypothèse suggère que les politiques publiques en matière de tourisme ont tenté, dès les années 1990, d'articuler l'action de multiples acteurs publics-privés au travers d'organisations telles que le Service national pour le tourisme (Sernatur), mais qui ont sous-estimé et négligé la participation des acteurs locaux comme les municipalités. ; Este artigo oferece uma análise sobre os desafios que envolvem a governança de um destino turístico municipal em Viña del Mar, bem como o estudo de ações de cooperação e a criação de redes entre atores municipais, privados e comunitários que auxiliem no fortalecimento desse destino. O objetivo principal é analisar o alcance da Direção Técnica de Turismo do Município de Viña del Mar na promoção da governança do turismo. Em termos da estrutura do artigo, inicialmente se reconstrói o escopo qualitativo da discussão sobre o turismo, especialmente a formulação das diferentes políticas públicas nos últimos anos. Em um segundo momento, abordam-se os debates e resoluções proferidos na Direção Técnica de Turismo do Município de Viña del Mar, através de uma revisão documental e etnográfica. Sugere-se como hipótese que as políticas públicas de turismo têm buscado articular desde a década dos anos 90, século XX, a ação de múltiplos atores público-privados, por meio de organizações como o Serviço Nacional de Turismo (Sernatur), mas têm negligenciado a participação de atores locais, como os municípios.
International audience ; The purpose of this work is to examine the determinants of the dividend distribution policy, more particularly we will highlight the effect of the involvement of family shareholders in the company and the internal governance mechanisms on the dividend payment decisions of companies listed on the Moroccan stock exchange. To answer our research questions, we used a TOBIT model estimate based on a sample of 160 observations per year-listed company over the period 2015-2018. The results of this study indicate anegative relationship between family ownership and the dividend payout ratio. In addition, the presence of a family CEO has a negative effect on the level of dividenddistributed. In contrast,we note that the use of control mechanisms by pyramid structures does not have a significant impact on dividend distribution. In terms of the effect of the characteristics of governance mechanisms on dividend payments, we find a positive association between the presence of a second institutional block holder and dividend distribution. We also find a negative relationship between the duality of the board of directors and the distribution of dividends, while the presence of independent directors on the boardof directors has no significant impact on the distribution ofdividends. ; El objetivo de este trabajo es examinar los determinantes de la política de distribución de dividendos, más concretamente destacaremos el efecto de la implicación de los accionistas familiares y los mecanismos de gobierno interno en las decisiones de pago dividendos de empresas cotizadas en la Bolsa de Marruecos. Para responder a nuestras preguntas de investigación, utilizamos una estimación utilizando un modelo TOBIT en una muestra compuesta por 160 observaciones de años de empresa durante el período 2015-2018. Los resultados de este estudio muestran una relación negativa entre la propiedad de la vivienda y la proporción de pago de dividendos. Además, la presencia de un CEO familiar tiene un efecto negativo en el nivel de ...
Hi ha un impuls polític inèdit i progressiu en la política europea de mitjans audiovisuals. Es tracta de la implementació de noves regles sobre els proveïdors de plataformes audiovisuals de compartició de vídeos (VSP) pel que fa a la protecció dels menors contra contingut nociu i de tota la ciutadania contra la incitació a la violència i l'odi. Tanmateix, l'aplicació del principi del país d'origen, el principi bàsic de la Directiva de serveis de comunicació audiovisual i la regulació de mitjans audiovisuals a tota la Unió Europea, interferirà intrínsecament amb l'objectiu polític declarat d'equilibrar el terreny de joc davant les plataformes VSP. Aquest article avalua les conseqüències potencials d'aquestes disfuncions normatives en el context de la regulació eficaç dels discursos de l'odi a tot Europa. Argumenta que la coregulació del model de governança responsable podria abordar i mitigar la pèrdua de diversitat normativa i esbossa un pla per aconseguir-ho. Està en joc la (major) fragmentació d'Internet. Per tant, és important i urgent trobar respostes normatives adequades a Europa per garantir mercats audiovisuals pluralistes i diversos. ; There is a unique upcoming policy momentum in European audiovisual media policy. This is the implementation of the new rules on Video Sharing Platform Providers (VSPs) with regard to the protection of minors against harmful content and of all users against incitement to violence and hatred. However, the application of the Country-of-Origin principle, the basic tenet of the Audiovisual Media Services Directive and audiovisual media regulation across the European Union, will inherently interfere with the stated policy aim of levelling the playing field vis-à-vis VSPs. This paper assesses the potential consequences of such regulatory dysfunctions in the context of hate speech regulation effective throughout Europe. It argues that Responsive Governance Model-type co-regulation could address and mitigate the lossof normative diversity, and outlines a blueprint for this. At stake is the (further) fragmentation of the internet. Hence, it is important and urgent to find adequate regulatory responses to ensure pluralistic and diverse media markets in Europe. ; Hay un impulso político inédito y progresivo en la política europea de medios audiovisuales. Se trata de la implementación de nuevas reglas sobre los proveedores de plataformas audiovisuales de compartición de vídeos (VSP) con respecto a la protección de los menores contra contenido dañino y de toda la ciudadanía contra la incitación a la violencia y el odio. Sin embargo, la aplicación del principio del país de origen, el principio básico de la Directiva de servicios de comunicación audiovisual y la regulación de medios audiovisuales en toda la Unión Europea, interferirá intrínsecamente con el objetivo político declarado de equilibrar el terreno de juego ante las plataformas VSP. Este artículo evalúa las consecuencias potencialesde estas disfunciones normativas en el contexto de la regulación eficaz de los discursos del odio en toda Europa. Argumenta que la corregulación del modelo de gobernanza responsable podría abordar y mitigar la pérdida de diversidad normativa y esboza un plan para conseguirlo. Está en juego la (mayor) fragmentación de Internet. Por lo tanto, es importante y urgente encontrar respuestas normativas adecuadas en Europa para garantizar mercados audiovisuales pluralistas y diversos.
The factors that determine the level of complexity of the situation on the state border of the Northern regional administration in the conditions of exacerbation of the military-political situation, their ranking and parametrization have been investigated in the paper. The formation of a set of factors was carried out by analyzing the content of the main legal documents defining the procedure for assessing the situation at the state border, the research carried out, the experience of counteracting illegal activity at the state border, the semantic analysis of descriptions of models of actions of forces and means of regional management and expert evaluation. The above-mentioned allowed to improve the complex of indicators of the complexity of the situation at the state border section of the Northern regional administration in the conditions of aggravation of the military-political situation. The proposed set of indicators allows us to formulate a generalized information potential for the improvement of the scientific and methodical apparatus for determining the variant of response by the authorities of the military management of the regional administration to change the situation at the state border, depending on the predicted level of its complexity. The set of indicators and parameters is not constant, depending on the specifics of the regional management and the conditions of the tasks, it can change. ; В работе исследованы факторы, которые будут определять уровень сложности обстановки на участке государственной границы Северного регионального управления в условиях обострения военно-политической обстановки, проведено их ранжирование и параметризация. Формирование совокупности факторов осуществлено путем анализа содержания основных нормативно-правовых документов, определяющих порядок оценки обстановки на государственной границе, проведенных исследований, опыта противодействия противоправной деятельности на государственной границе, семантического анализа описаний моделей действий сил и средств регионального управления и экспертной оценки. Указанное позволило усовершенствовать комплекс показателей оценки сложности обстановки на участке государственной границы Северного регионального управлением в условиях обострения военно-политической обстановки. Предложенный комплекс показателей позволяет сформировать обобщенный информационный потенциал для совершенствования научно-методического аппарата определения варианта реагирования органами военного управления регионального управления на изменение обстановки на государственной границе в зависимости от прогнозируемого уровня его сложности. Набор показателей и параметров не является постоянным, в зависимости от специфики регионального управления и условий выполнения задач он может меняться. ; В роботі досліджено чинники, що визначатимуть рівень складності обстановки на ділянці державного кордону Північного регіонального управління в умовах загострення воєнно-політичної обстановки, проведено їх ранжування та параметризацію. Формування сукупності чинників здійснено шляхом аналізу змісту основних нормативно-правових документів, що визначають порядок оцінювання обстановки на державному кордоні, проведених досліджень, досвіду протидії протиправній діяльності на державному кордоні, семантичного аналізу описів моделей дій сил і засобів регіонального управління та експертного оцінювання. Зазначене дозволило вдосконалити комплекс показників оцінки складності обстановки на ділянці державного кордону Північного регіонального управлінням в умовах загострення воєнно-політичної обстановки. Запропонований комплекс показників дозволяє сформувати узагальнений інформаційний потенціал для удосконалення науково-методичного апарату визначення варіанту реагування органами військового управління регіонального управління на зміну обстановки на державному кордоні в залежності від прогнозованого рівня її складності. Набір показників та параметрів не є сталим, в залежності від специфіки регіонального управління та умов виконання завдань він може змінюватись.
