Suchergebnisse

Im Jahr 2015 verabschiedeten die Vereinten Nationen die Agenda 2030 für nachhaltige Entwicklung. Die Agenda 2030 beinhaltet mit den Sustainable Development Goals 17 Ziele für eine sozial, wirtschaftlich und ökologisch nachhaltige Entwicklung, zu denen sich die Weltgemeinschaft bekannt hat. Die aktuellen Entwicklungen deuten jedoch nicht daraufhin, dass die SDGs im Jahr 2030 erreicht werden. Insbesondere mit Blick auf die planetaren Belastbarkeitsgrenzen, deren Überschreitung dramatische Folgen für das Öko-system bedeutet und damit die Lebensgrundlage der Menschheit gefährdet, herrscht ein akuter Handlungsbedarf. Die Umsetzung von Nachhaltigkeit stellt folglich nach wie vor eine große Herausforderung dar und bedarf wissenschaftlicher Aufarbeitung. Sowohl in der wissenschaftlichen als auch in der politischen Diskussion werden Governance bzw. Governance Modi als zentral angesehen, um die dynamischen, sektorübergreifenden und langfristigen Herausforderungen nachhaltiger Entwicklung zu bewältigen. Es besteht je-doch eine große Unklarheit darüber, wie Nachhaltigkeit durch verschiedene Governance Modi gefördert werden kann. Die vorliegende Dissertation nimmt sich dieser Fragestel-lung an und untersucht sie in dem organisationalen Feld der deutschen Landwirtschaft. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, die Frage zu beantworten, wie Nachhaltigkeit durch verschiedene Governance Modi innerhalb der deutschen Landwirtschaft gestärkt werden kann. Hierfür wird zunächst der aktuelle Stand der Forschung zu Governance im Zusammenhang mit Nachhaltigkeit dargelegt. Die Governance Modi Regulierung, Selbstregulierung und Col-laborative Governance werden theoretisch eingeführt und in drei eigenständigen Studien empirisch untersucht. Diese Arbeit zeigt, wie die verschiedenen Governance Modi funkti-onieren und Veränderungen in Richtung Nachhaltigkeit innerhalb der deutschen Land-wirtschaft bewirken können. Neben dem wissenschaftlichen Beitrag für die Literatur in den Bereichen Nachhaltigkeit und Governance liefert die Arbeit einen praktischen Mehr-wert für CG-Manager_innen sowie für Institutionen der Regulierung und der Selbstregu-lierung, die positive Auswirkungen auf die Nachhaltigkeit in einem organisationalen Feld bewirken wollen. Es wird deutlich, dass es keine Einheitslösung gibt, wenn es um die Förderung von Nachhaltigkeit durch Governance Modi geht. Die Eignung und auch die Wirkung der jeweiligen Governance Modi ist von dem jeweiligen Kontext abhängig.

− Agency is one of five core analytical problems in the Earth System Governance (ESG) Project's research framework, which offers a unique approach to the study of environmental governance. − Agency in Earth System Governance draws lessons from ESG–Agency research through a systematic review of 322 peer-reviewed journal articles published between 2008 and 2016 and contained in the ESG–Agency Harvesting Database.− ESG–Agency research draws on diverse disciplinary perspectives with distinct clusters of scholars rooted in the fields of global environmental politics, policy studies, and socio-ecological systems. − Collectively, the chapters in Agency in Earth System Governance provide an accessible synthesis of some of the field's major questions and debates and a state-of-the-art understanding of how diverse actors engage with and exercise authority in environmental governance.

Both at the central and state levels administration of India has actualized various ICT (Information and Communication Technology) activities under the National e-Governance Plan (NeGP). The objective of NeGP to most extreme utilization of government services accessible to residents of India by means of electronic media in simplest and most ideal way. To build the quantity of e-exchanges in the nation, proficient administration conveyance to the natives, re-utilization of uses, making ideal utilization of existing foundation, reception of cloud based e-Governance is the main arrangement, accordingly accomplishing a definitive objective of NeGP. Distributed computing is the most recent propelled development in figuring, distributed computing assets are accessible at whatever point required and charges depends on the amount you utilize them. Broad distributed computing is just conceivable by the Internet, and this is the most widely recognized method for getting to cloud assets. The primary plan to think about on this is the means by which to keep up information in advanced arrangement with secure spot and usage in future for investigation and improvement at whatever time anyplace with least assets. It expects to convey more intuitive i.e. administrations to subjects and organizations through E-Governance. For this, distributed computing might prompt huge cost reserve funds and dependable method for information exchange. It involves use over the Internet of processing equipment and programming base and applications that are remotely facilitated.

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is the most indispensible fastest growing sector in the world. The government can use ICT to provide better services to the citizen as well as in the government departments. The government can interact with the citizen through a service called e-governance portal which is based on internet. E-Governance usage is increased in urban area, but has failed in the rural area due to the lack of proper infrastructure and illiteracy. The government can combine internet and mobile technologies to implement government services more effectively. Mobile devices and its subscription are comparatively higher than the Internet usage in India. The high penetration of mobile devices and the high speed broad band technologies like UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System), wireless networks offer various opportunities in the government administration to provide better service to the citizen. E-Governance has already improved to speed-up of public utility services, but mobile services with their 24X7 –functionality can facilitate mobile governance to establish a direct contact with the citizens. This paper discusses the various initiatives of e-governance and m-governance in India

Adaptive governance focuses our attention on the relationships between science and management, whereby the so-called 'gaps' between these groups are seen to hinder effective adaptive responses to biophysical change. Yet the relationships between science and governance, knowledge and action, remain under theorized in discussions of adaptive governance, which largely focuses on abstract design principles or preferred institutional arrangements. In contrast, the metaphor of co-production highlights the social and political processes through which science, policy, and practice co-evolve. Co-production is invoked as a normative goal (Mitchell et al., 2004) and analytical lens (Jasanoff, 2004a and Jasanoff, 2004b), both of which provide useful insight into the processes underpinning adaptive governance. This paper builds on and integrates these disparate views to reconceptualize adaptive governance as a process of co-production. I outline an alternative conceptual framing, 'co-productive governance', that articulates the context, knowledge, process, and vision of governance. I explore these ideas through two cases of connectivity conservation, which draws on conservation science to promote collaborative cross-scale governance. This analysis highlights the ways in which the different contexts of these cases produced very different framings and responses to the same propositions of science and governance. Drawing on theoretical and empirical material, co-productive governance moves beyond long standing debates that institutions can be rationally crafted or must emerge from context resituate adaptive governance in a more critical and contextualized space. This reframing focuses on the process of governance through an explicit consideration of how normative considerations shape the interactions between knowledge and power, science and governance. ; This research was funded by a Land and Water Australia PhD scholarship and a top-up scholarship from the CSIRO Climate Adaptation Fund.

Adaptive governance focuses our attention on the relationships between science and management, whereby the so-called 'gaps' between these groups are seen to hinder effective adaptive responses to biophysical change. Yet the relationships between science and governance, knowledge and action, remain under theorized in discussions of adaptive governance, which largely focuses on abstract design principles or preferred institutional arrangements. In contrast, the metaphor of co-production highlights the social and political processes through which science, policy, and practice co-evolve. Co-production is invoked as a normative goal (Mitchell et al., 2004) and analytical lens (Jasanoff, 2004a and Jasanoff, 2004b), both of which provide useful insight into the processes underpinning adaptive governance. This paper builds on and integrates these disparate views to reconceptualize adaptive governance as a process of co-production. I outline an alternative conceptual framing, 'co-productive governance', that articulates the context, knowledge, process, and vision of governance. I explore these ideas through two cases of connectivity conservation, which draws on conservation science to promote collaborative cross-scale governance. This analysis highlights the ways in which the different contexts of these cases produced very different framings and responses to the same propositions of science and governance. Drawing on theoretical and empirical material, co-productive governance moves beyond long standing debates that institutions can be rationally crafted or must emerge from context resituate adaptive governance in a more critical and contextualized space. This reframing focuses on the process of governance through an explicit consideration of how normative considerations shape the interactions between knowledge and power, science and governance. ; This research was funded by a Land and Water Australia PhD scholarship and a top-up scholarship from the CSIRO Climate Adaptation Fund.

It is generally perceived that an Economy will experience rapid growth provided following Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI) are in positive direction i.e. political instability is low, mechanisms for voice and accountability exists, control of corruption subsists and the rule of law prevails. The study aims at exploring relationship between aforementioned WGI indicators and economic growth (GDP) using estimates related to Pakistan, provided by World Bank. Moreover, researchers attempt to identify which of the WGI indicators under consideration contribute most towards economic growth. A quantitative research strategy has been adopted and statistical tools (Spearman's rho correlation and regression) have been used to test the hypotheses that researchers developed using available literature. The study concludes that out of the four dimensions of good governance, political stability contributes highly towards economic growth.

International governance is increasingly defined by multilevel governance; with short-term projects, transnational cooperation between different groups, and unclear institutional space. In this situation, a key issue is the resilience of governance arrangements or the ability of governance arrangements to respond to political and ecological shocks to the system. Using international biodiversity governance, this study explores the question: What social and political processes produce resilient governance? This study argues that the key to understanding resilient governance is the network structure within and outside of the governance arrangement. Modular network structures are able to generate ideas from multiple sources, able to solve political problems on small scales, and able to insulate institutions from political contagion. Centralized network structures, in contrast, often result in top-down learning, politicization of the entire governance arrangement, and inability to adapt in response to problems. Those governance arrangements with limited network structures are unlikely to learn at all. The network structure theory argues that network dynamics are shaped by the structure and result in different learning and different adaptive outcomes. This argument is made in the context of international biodiversity governance which presents has a number of cases of resilience in difficult to explain cases. Chapter 2 and Chapter 3 look at the network impacts in 10 different international biodiversity governance arrangements. Chapter 4, Chapter 5, and Chapter 6 explore these dynamics in the context of the Mesoamerican Biological Corridor (MBC) and the Caribbean Challenge. These empirical cases present a complex and robust analysis showing that network structures, more than the governance institutions or national context, shape the resulting impact of governance arrangements. The implication of this finding is that effective institutions also need resilient modular networks in order to have lasting environmental impacts. Strong institutions can be constrained by centralized networks which limit learning opportunities following shocks. This study thus complements studies of effectiveness in international relations by providing a crucial dynamic piece of the overall situation. Response to shocks is shown to be shaped by network structure and importantly by early learning and network connections. Without these, effectiveness can be disrupted by political or environmental shocks.

ABSTRACTSchool boards are typically removed from nonprofit sector analyses because they are part of the "MUSH" set of organizations (municipalities, universities, schools, and hospitals) that both stand outside of the more typical nonprofit sector and tend to be closely affiliated with government. Nevertheless, school boards offer a unique opportunity to examine the governance of a large system of regulated activity that affects millions of citizens. How such systems should be governed has been a matter of concern for nearly 40 years. This study presents data from Alberta school board chairs regarding their perception of governance transformation being brought about by legislative changes. Five dimensions of governance are proposed as defining the current and anticipated governance domain within which school boards operate. Tensions within and between these dimensions signify symbolic boundary constructions that need to be scrutinized in anticipation of the governance transformation and boundary spanning activities of school boards required by the new legislation.RÉSUMÉLes conseils scolaires sont généralement retirés des analyses du secteur communautaire parce qu'ils font partie de l'ensemble d'organisations « MUSH » (les municipalités, les universités, les écoles et les hôpitaux); ces organisations se distinguent du secteur communautaire typique et ont tendance à être étroitement associées au gouvernement. Néanmoins, les conseils scolaires offrent une occasion unique d'observer la gouvernance d'un vaste système d'activités réglementées qui affecte des millions de citoyens. La façon dont de tels systèmes devraient être gérés fait l'objet de préoccupations depuis presque 40 ans. Cette étude présente les perceptions de présidents de conseils scolaires de l'Alberta en ce qui a trait à la transformation de la gouvernance apportée par des modifications à la loi. Cinq dimensions de la gouvernance sont proposées pour définir à la fois le domaine de gouvernance dans le cadre duquel fonctionnent actuellement les conseils scolaires et celui dans le cadre duquel il est prévu qu'ils fonctionneront. Les tensions entre ces dimensions et les tensions au sein de celles-ci indiquent des constructions de frontières symboliques qui nécessitent un examen minutieux dans le but de prévoir la transformation de la gouvernance ainsi que les activités d'expansion des conseils scolaires exigées par la nouvelle législation.

Serious questions are being asked concerning the manifestation of instability in society. The phenomena of maladministration, corruption, unrest, protests, failure in leadership, and the results of protest marches and poor service delivery, make one believe that the value, functioning and contribution of co-operative governance and intergovernmental relations is a myth. When public protests and instability are analysed, the main issue found at the heart of the problem concerns co-operation, implementation and co-ordination between the various spheres of government. Co-operation is needed to ensure satisfactory service delivery. The question can be asked if there is a direct relationship between poor service delivery, public protests and co-operative governance and good governance. Firstly the conceptual and constitutional framework of co-operative governance and intergovernmental relations will be discussed. In the following section the problems and challenges facing good governance will be analysed. Aspects pertaining to structural tension, policy choices, responsibility, accountability and implications of problems with good governance will be assessed. The manifestation of practical situations will be viewed against the background of co-operative governance.

One of the most important theme in the current debates on globalization is the implication of globalization to the state. Two contending positions can immediately be identified: one that argues that globalization results in the 'retreat of the state' and other that argues that globalization is 'what the states make of it'. While it is quite apparent that none of these two positions is satisfactorily defensible, this article presents another problem related to the way in which the state is related to the globalization. Both positions tend to take the state for granted, in that, all states are (western) modern states, without taking into account their history and sociology. As a result, they fail to cacth inside dynamics of political power taking place in the group of states so called the third world and, therefore, lose their releaance.

This symposium examines the challenges and opportunities of recent efforts at embedding participatory governance. It draws together original research that engages theoretically and empirically with some fundamental questions: •What are the challenges of embedding participatory governance in policy-making? •What happens when social movements have opportunities to shape the institutionalization of PG processes? Can they reanimate the radical potential of citizen participation for social transformation? •How can the tensions between the different demands of lay citizens, organized civil society, political parties, and public officials be managed? In this introductory article, we provide a definition of embeddedness, outlining its spatial, temporal, and practices dimensions, in so doing distinguishing embeddedness from institutionalization, with which it has often been used interchangeably. Our aim is to delineate the breadth of the concept, drawing together its many uses into a systematic framework that can both guide future research and practical experimentation. In particular, our hope is to turn more attention to the informal practices that are essential for embedding. The contributions to the symposium shift attention from institutional design to embedding dynamics and how these work to open or close spaces for meaningful citizen input.

This symposium examines the challenges and opportunities of recent efforts at embedding participatory governance. It draws together original research that engages theoretically and empirically with some fundamental questions: •What are the challenges of embedding participatory governance in policy-making? •What happens when social movements have opportunities to shape the institutionalization of PG processes? Can they reanimate the radical potential of citizen participation for social transformation? •How can the tensions between the different demands of lay citizens, organized civil society, political parties, and public officials be managed? In this introductory article, we provide a definition of embeddedness, outlining its spatial, temporal, and practices dimensions, in so doing distinguishing embeddedness from institutionalization, with which it has often been used interchangeably. Our aim is to delineate the breadth of the concept, drawing together its many uses into a systematic framework that can both guide future research and practical experimentation. In particular, our hope is to turn more attention to the informal practices that are essential for embedding. The contributions to the symposium shift attention from institutional design to embedding dynamics and how these work to open or close spaces for meaningful citizen input.

Unlike much of the growing literature on political clientelism, this short paper contains mainly the author's general reflections on the broad issues of governance (or mis-governance including corruption), democracy, and state capacity that clientelism has an impact on. It then analyses how its incidence changes with the process of development, and the kind of policy issues that it generates. Finally, the paper suggests some research gaps in this literature.

Law and social science scholars have long elucidated ways of governing built around state governance of populations and subjects. Yet many are now grappling with the growing prevalence of practices of governance that depart, to varying degrees, from received models. The profusion of digital data, and the deployment of machine learning in its analysis, are redirecting states" and international organizations" attention away from the governance of populations as such and toward the amassing, analysis, and mobilization of hybrid data repositories and real-time data flows for governance. Much of this work does not depend on state data sources or on conventional statistical models. The subjectivities nurtured by these techniques of governance are frequently not those of choosing individuals. Digital objects and mediators are increasingly prevalent at all scales. This article surveys how scholars are beginning to understand the nascent political technologies associated with this shift toward governance by data.