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In contemporary pluralistic societies, tolerance is today a crucial value and a cardinal virtue. Tolerance regarding choices of identity and choices of cultural belonging seems to call for a duty of tolerance toward identities and individual choices. Nevertheless some communities refuse to let their children confronted with divergent ways of living. This fact therefore raises the question of the limit for respect of pluralism at school. We'll demonstrate that the conflicts analysed in the paper could be solved by a "logic of compromise" rather than a "logic of consensus" and by an "institutionalization of disagreement" which can offer an effective expression to moral and reasonable conflicts.

This volume is the fruit of the colloquium "Les Pays-Bas, carrefour de la tolérance aux Temps Modernes" , held in Wassenaar, the Netherlands, in 1994. Toleration in the strict sense of the word was very much against the grain of sixteenth-century European history. This volume charts the emergence and vicissitudes of the concept of tolerance and its practical implications in the Dutch Republic, from the revolt against Spain in the sixteenth century to the early eighteenth century. The various contributions, all by distinguished scholars, address such issues as Erasmus' views on toleration, the relation between tolerance and irenism, and the contemporary intellectual debate about toleration in the Dutch Republic. This important volume will prove indispensable to historians of the Low Countries, students of humanism and all those interested in the intellectual history of the 16th-18th centuries

Even today, before its effective European integration, Romania still witnesses strong diversity refusal at the general public level. This research paper deals with the Romanian majority representations of two of the most visible ethnic minorities in Romania -Hungarians and Gypsies- and pays attention to significant attitudes of discrimination and intolerance. Moreover, it examines some of the most important factors for ethnic tolerance. The social capital theory sets that participation in secondary organizations is a certain source for civic values, social trust and positive norms of reciprocity, commitment, honesty, tolerance and mutual respect. But in Romania the effects of participation are weaker than expected in this respect. The most important factors for tolerance are ethnic contact and -especially for the Gypsies- the spread of ethnic prejudices. Even education appears less important, a possible solution for the future development of ethnic tolerance is multicultural education, which offers the chance of a contact between still separated ethnic cultures in Romania.

Mode of access: Internet. ; Autor sacado de ICCU, de Barbier, Dictionnaire des ouvrages anonymes, v. II, col. 994. ; Port. con grab. xil. ; Sign.: a6, A-O12, P6.

Discusses Baruch Spinoza's apparent endorsement of tolerance in his Theologico-Political Treatise (TPT). Despite its appearance of impiety, the real objective of the TPT was to demonstrate that true philosophy is both compatible with & conducive to piety, to present no threat for peace. It is argued that the knowledge of truth is a sufficient & necessary condition for peace; & the knowledge of truth is in harmony with & indispensable to "pietas," the constant willingness to execute the will of God (vs atheism). Indeed, the TPT focuses on peace more than on tolerance, peace that can only be realized based on true knowledge, even if such knowledge leads to conclusions generally considered impious. J. Sadler

Discusses Baruch Spinoza's apparent endorsement of tolerance in his Theologico-Political Treatise (TPT). Despite its appearance of impiety, the real objective of the TPT was to demonstrate that true philosophy is both compatible with & conducive to piety, to present no threat for peace. It is argued that the knowledge of truth is a sufficient & necessary condition for peace; & the knowledge of truth is in harmony with & indispensable to "pietas," the constant willingness to execute the will of God (vs atheism). Indeed, the TPT focuses on peace more than on tolerance, peace that can only be realized based on true knowledge, even if such knowledge leads to conclusions generally considered impious. J. Sadler

Mon travail de recherche analyse le musical de Leonard Bernstein et s'attache à mettre en valeur sa spécificité, tant sur un plan culturel que sur un plan musical. Porteuse d'un message universel, l'oeuvre est un hymne à la tolérance. La musique réconcilie les cultures, se joue des clivages sociaux et politiques, et par-delà les conventions, se fait la métaphore d'une véritable tolérance raciale.La démarche d'analyse est celle du compositeur lui-même, qui rapproche la grammaire musicale de la grammaire dite « transformationnelle » de Chomsky, arguant du fait qu'il existe des universels musicaux. Cette perspective met en valeur les différents « emprunts » qui enrichissent l'oeuvre, qu'ils soient formels, ou bien encore linguistiques ou littéraires.L'ambiguïté dans les rapports entre les différents éléments de l'oeuvre est le facteur qui qui en construit le sens. Au-delà d'une simple analyse des rapports entre le texte et la musique, mon approche s'efforce de mettre en valeur la complexité de cette ambiguïté qui s'inscrit aussi bien dans la phonologie de la pièce que dans sa rythmique et sa syntaxe.

Mon travail de recherche analyse le musical de Leonard Bernstein et s'attache à mettre en valeur sa spécificité, tant sur un plan culturel que sur un plan musical. Porteuse d'un message universel, l'oeuvre est un hymne à la tolérance. La musique réconcilie les cultures, se joue des clivages sociaux et politiques, et par-delà les conventions, se fait la métaphore d'une véritable tolérance raciale.La démarche d'analyse est celle du compositeur lui-même, qui rapproche la grammaire musicale de la grammaire dite « transformationnelle » de Chomsky, arguant du fait qu'il existe des universels musicaux. Cette perspective met en valeur les différents « emprunts » qui enrichissent l'oeuvre, qu'ils soient formels, ou bien encore linguistiques ou littéraires.L'ambiguïté dans les rapports entre les différents éléments de l'oeuvre est le facteur qui qui en construit le sens. Au-delà d'une simple analyse des rapports entre le texte et la musique, mon approche s'efforce de mettre en valeur la complexité de cette ambiguïté qui s'inscrit aussi bien dans la phonologie de la pièce que dans sa rythmique et sa syntaxe.