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The present work, elaborated from a theoretical, bibliographical and documentary character, has for objective to develop some theoretical boardings regarding the concept of tolerance of a philosophical point of view, during a historical context that if initiates in the thought of John Locke, in the Modern Age, the scope of the religious wars, when such concept acquires a more rigorous and critical character, going until the contemporaneidade, period where the tolerance starts to acquire a paper of prominence for the understanding of the systems politicians and the societies marked for one raised degree of complexity and pluralism. Authors as Stuart Mill, Bobbio, Adorno and Habermas, among others, present significant contributions from its reflections and questionings for the studies of this thematic one as well as for the confrontation of the patologias that afflict the contemporaneidade. More recently, the fact of the tolerance to have if transformed into consensus and normative landmark, through the elaboration and approval of the World-wide Declaration of the Principles of the Tolerance, in the year of 1995, for the ONU, reflects the importance and the central paper that the tolerance exerts today in the search of the peace and the construction of a world more just and human being.

ABSTRACT Introduction: This article propose to connect two research agendas on political behavior: studies on political tolerance and research on partisanship. Search, by connecting these two agendas, to assess the extent to which parties have become targets of political intolerance and thereby to assess the intensity of negative attitudes towards this central institution of democracy. Studies on partisanship conflicts in Brazil have focused on the antagonism opposing petismo and antipetismo. However, the 2018 elections have shown that Brazilians also adopt other forms of antipartisanship. Changes in patterns of political and electoral behavior in recent years can only be properly understood if we consider variation over time in the intensity and scope of antipartisan sentiment. We propose a typology where antipartisanship may be moderate or radical and may have a narrower or broader target. This theme is significant not only for interpreting Brazil's current political context, but also for deepening understanding of theoretical and analytical questions. Our understanding is that these different types of antipartisanship are distinct phenomena with different effects. Materials and Methods: The data we use to construct the proposed typology and analyze the range and intensity of antipartisanship are derived from an unprecedented Latin America Public Opinion Project initiative to measure political tolerance in Brazil, in its 2017 edition. Our methodology combine variables of disaffection and political intolerance to construct different voter profiles, based on respondent's attitudes towards unpopular groups, including political parties. After constructing the typology, we propose regression models to estimate the effects of each type on several attitudes, like support to democracy and institutional trust. Results: Our findings show a relationship between the most extreme types of antipartisanship and attitudes towards democracy. Compared with non-antipartisan voters, intolerant antipartisan are less supportive of democracy and democratic institutions and less favorable to freedom of expression and the granting of political rights to minorities. The intensity of antipartisanship matters more than its scope, since the models show that, there is little difference in the degree of commitment to democracy and democratic principles between the two types of intolerant antipartisans, regardless of the scope of the target of their disapproval. This means that attitudes toward democracy, democratic institutions, and democratic principles depend less on the scope antipartisanship, than on political intolerance towards these groups. Discussion: The data and results presented here indicate that antipartisanship is not a one-dimensional phenomenon. The individual is not merely antipartisan or non-antipartisan. We show that antipartisanship contains at least two dimensions: its scope and intensity. Previous studies have already shown the existence of different expressions of antipartisanship, but this diversity has not yet been systematically explored using a well-defined typology. Our work points to this research agenda.KEYWORDS: antipartisanship; political tolerance; political attitudes; political parties; democracy.

There is a lack of tolerance in post-Soviet Lithuania and it manifest itself in various spheres of social life. Tolerance is a humanistic value, closely related to the democracy, respect of the human person, human rights and freedom. The analysis of tolerance understanding of outstanding Lithuanian philosophers and pedagogues helps to reveal main elements and the structure of this important value. The urge to teach tolerance in secondary schools is evident. Some factors, important in teaching tolerance, like family, school life, and various youth organisations are discussed.

There is a lack of tolerance in post-Soviet Lithuania and it manifest itself in various spheres of social life. Tolerance is a humanistic value, closely related to the democracy, respect of the human person, human rights and freedom. The analysis of tolerance understanding of outstanding Lithuanian philosophers and pedagogues helps to reveal main elements and the structure of this important value. The urge to teach tolerance in secondary schools is evident. Some factors, important in teaching tolerance, like family, school life, and various youth organisations are discussed.

There is a lack of tolerance in post-Soviet Lithuania and it manifest itself in various spheres of social life. Tolerance is a humanistic value, closely related to the democracy, respect of the human person, human rights and freedom. The analysis of tolerance understanding of outstanding Lithuanian philosophers and pedagogues helps to reveal main elements and the structure of this important value. The urge to teach tolerance in secondary schools is evident. Some factors, important in teaching tolerance, like family, school life, and various youth organisations are discussed.

There is a lack of tolerance in post-Soviet Lithuania and it manifest itself in various spheres of social life. Tolerance is a humanistic value, closely related to the democracy, respect of the human person, human rights and freedom. The analysis of tolerance understanding of outstanding Lithuanian philosophers and pedagogues helps to reveal main elements and the structure of this important value. The urge to teach tolerance in secondary schools is evident. Some factors, important in teaching tolerance, like family, school life, and various youth organisations are discussed.

This article is devoted to the analysis of tolerance towards national minorities in Lithuania. The article combines the analysis of the phenomenon of tolerance as a core social value and the analysis of empirical evidence of tolerance in the Lithuanian society. The scientific investigation of empirical situation is based on the secondary analysis of sociological data. Tolerance is one of the social values that are present and protected in modern multicultural democratic societies. Even thought the level of social tolerance varies from country to country and within time periods, Europe remains a perfect example of practices of social tolerance. In general, the level of tolerance is altering and depends on many factors, such as the level of urbanisation, multiculturalism, historical development, the development of the state, etc. In this article, the factors of multiculturalism and urbanisation are analysed in a more precise manner. Lithuania, due to its historical experience and geopolitical situation, is one of the European countries that are multicultural and have a long history of national minorities living in the country. According to the data of sociological research, the majority of the Lithuanian population is tolerant towards national minorities. Even though one third of the population express some kind of negative attitudes towards national minorities, it is necessary to stress that these negative attitudes are almost absent in everyday life of the society.

This article is devoted to the analysis of tolerance towards national minorities in Lithuania. The article combines the analysis of the phenomenon of tolerance as a core social value and the analysis of empirical evidence of tolerance in the Lithuanian society. The scientific investigation of empirical situation is based on the secondary analysis of sociological data. Tolerance is one of the social values that are present and protected in modern multicultural democratic societies. Even thought the level of social tolerance varies from country to country and within time periods, Europe remains a perfect example of practices of social tolerance. In general, the level of tolerance is altering and depends on many factors, such as the level of urbanisation, multiculturalism, historical development, the development of the state, etc. In this article, the factors of multiculturalism and urbanisation are analysed in a more precise manner. Lithuania, due to its historical experience and geopolitical situation, is one of the European countries that are multicultural and have a long history of national minorities living in the country. According to the data of sociological research, the majority of the Lithuanian population is tolerant towards national minorities. Even though one third of the population express some kind of negative attitudes towards national minorities, it is necessary to stress that these negative attitudes are almost absent in everyday life of the society.

This paper examines possibility to use fantasy movies in education of tolerance. Tolerance problem is very relevant nowadays, especially when it is being considered in relationship with latter political and social events. Also it is very inportant to find an appropriate tool for increasing tolerance of contemporary young people. This paper connects relevance of tolerance and attracness of hipotetical teaching tool – fantasy movies. It was determined that fantasy movies can be used to teach tolerance, also the list of appropriate for teaching tolerance fantasy moviesi is given.

This paper examines possibility to use fantasy movies in education of tolerance. Tolerance problem is very relevant nowadays, especially when it is being considered in relationship with latter political and social events. Also it is very inportant to find an appropriate tool for increasing tolerance of contemporary young people. This paper connects relevance of tolerance and attracness of hipotetical teaching tool – fantasy movies. It was determined that fantasy movies can be used to teach tolerance, also the list of appropriate for teaching tolerance fantasy moviesi is given.

Este artigo explora a contínua relevância de Freire para a educação e a ação cultural na Índia. Aborda as especificidades das contribuições de Freire, revendo as obras dos principais pedagogogos indianos, Tagore e Gandhi. Trata, ainda, do pensamento freiriano na conjuntura específica da política indiana, caracterizada pelo hipernacionalismo. A partir das experiências do autor com a práxis do teatro popular, o artigo discute os desafios da educação crítica na Índia contemporânea, no contexto de uma pandemia que escancarou a falta de acesso à educação e a exclusão digital. O artigo reforça a necessidade de compreensão do contexto e de uma abordagem esclarecida para uma educação que promova a tolerância como contraponto ao hipernacionalismo. ; This article explores Freire's continuing relevance to education and cultural action in India. It engages with the specificities of Freire's contributions reviewing the work of two key Indian pedagogists, Tagore and Gandhi. It deals with Freirean thought in the specific context of Indian politics characterised by hypernationalism. Drawing from the author's experiences with the praxis of popular theatre, the article deals with challenges posed by critical education in contemporary India, during a pandemic that has highlighted the lack of access to education and the digital divide. It reinforces the need of understanding context and of an enlightened approach to an education that fosters tolerance as a counter to hypernationalism.

The tolerance is apprehensible as value which if achieved can consolidate nations, prevent discrimination and assure peace and unity in the entire world. The role of media is very important because it represent the interest of community and has a possibility to influence our attitudes, opinions and thinking. So media can help to preserve the tolerance in community, promote and guide democratic values, protect ideals of the equality. The object of this master's paper is the expression of tolerance in Lithuanian periodical press. The aim of the paper is to analyze the problem of tolerance in Lithuanian periodical press. Papers goals are to explore the conception of tolerance, review the role of tolerance in the alterations of the community, explore the media's influence on tolerance and analyze the role of rumors, gossips and objectivity in media. In order to analyze the problem of tolerance in Lithuanian press (in the newspapers "Lietuvos rytas" and "Vakaro žinios"), master's work presents the analysis of the peculiarities of the Romany presentation in press. The methods of the analysis are information gathering, analysis of the data, comparative quantitative and qualitative analysis. Analysis reveals that tolerance means respect and acceptance of the persuasions, attitudes and values of the otherwise thinking people without reference to their gender or race or other differences. Tolerance has a close connection with human rights, which must be ensured by every democratic state. This research reveals that there is lack of tolerance in most popular periodical press in Lithuania. The presentation of the Romany ethnicity in analyzed newspapers is in particular unfavorable. It shows the dominance of the negative information about this ethnic minority. The Romany people are presented only as a felony group. Media highlights their criminal offences, conflicts with the governmental institutions and their negative features of character. It can be an inducement for community to form a low opinion of the Romany and bad stereotypes about them. This master's paper is important for it's originality, because there have not been any research on tolerance in Lithuanian press. The master's paper can be useful to the experienced scientists and the beginners, to practicing journalists and students, lectures, newspaper editors and readers.

The tolerance is apprehensible as value which if achieved can consolidate nations, prevent discrimination and assure peace and unity in the entire world. The role of media is very important because it represent the interest of community and has a possibility to influence our attitudes, opinions and thinking. So media can help to preserve the tolerance in community, promote and guide democratic values, protect ideals of the equality. The object of this master's paper is the expression of tolerance in Lithuanian periodical press. The aim of the paper is to analyze the problem of tolerance in Lithuanian periodical press. Papers goals are to explore the conception of tolerance, review the role of tolerance in the alterations of the community, explore the media's influence on tolerance and analyze the role of rumors, gossips and objectivity in media. In order to analyze the problem of tolerance in Lithuanian press (in the newspapers "Lietuvos rytas" and "Vakaro žinios"), master's work presents the analysis of the peculiarities of the Romany presentation in press. The methods of the analysis are information gathering, analysis of the data, comparative quantitative and qualitative analysis. Analysis reveals that tolerance means respect and acceptance of the persuasions, attitudes and values of the otherwise thinking people without reference to their gender or race or other differences. Tolerance has a close connection with human rights, which must be ensured by every democratic state. This research reveals that there is lack of tolerance in most popular periodical press in Lithuania. The presentation of the Romany ethnicity in analyzed newspapers is in particular unfavorable. It shows the dominance of the negative information about this ethnic minority. The Romany people are presented only as a felony group. Media highlights their criminal offences, conflicts with the governmental institutions and their negative features of character. It can be an inducement for community to form a low opinion of the Romany and bad stereotypes about them. This master's paper is important for it's originality, because there have not been any research on tolerance in Lithuanian press. The master's paper can be useful to the experienced scientists and the beginners, to practicing journalists and students, lectures, newspaper editors and readers.

This article is devoted to the analysis of tolerance towards national minorities in Lithuania. The article combines the analysis of the phenomenon of tolerance as a core social value and the analysis of empirical evidence of tolerance in the Lithuanian society. The scientific investigation of empirical situation is based on the secondary analysis of sociological data. Tolerance is one of the social values that are present and protected in modern multicultural democratic societies. Even thought the level of social tolerance varies from country to country and within time periods, Europe remains a perfect example of practices of social tolerance. In general, the level of tolerance is altering and depends on many factors, such as the level of urbanisation, multiculturalism, historical development, the development of the state, etc. In this article, the factors of multiculturalism and urbanisation are analysed in a more precise manner. Lithuania, due to its historical experience and geopolitical situation, is one of the European countries that are multicultural and have a long history of national minorities living in the country. According to the data of sociological research, the majority of the Lithuanian population is tolerant towards national minorities. Even though one third of the population express some kind of negative attitudes towards national minorities, it is necessary to stress that these negative attitudes are almost absent in everyday life of the society. ; Straipsnyje nagrinėjama tolerancijos, kaip pamatinės socialinės vertybės, samprata ir jos raiška Lietuvos visuomenėje. Tolerancija "kitokiems" visuomenės nariams neabejotinai yra vienas svarbiausių demokratinių Europos visuomenių vertybinių sistemų elementų. Tolerancijos lygis yra kintantis ir priklauso nuo daugybės veiksnių. Šiame straipsnyje ypač daug dėmesio skiriama urbanizacijos, daugiatautiškumo ir tautinės tolerancijos sąsajoms. Nagrinėjant Lietuvos situaciją, remiamasi pastarųjų metų sociologiniais tyrimais, nagrinėjamas tautinės sanklodos Vilniuje ir visoje Lietuvoje kitimas bei susiformavusios bendrabūvio tradicijos.

Tolerance is one of the most widely recognised values in the world's democratic states. A society creates tolerance by choosing certain values and nurturing or condemning certain ways of behaving. Democratic countries value equality and the peaceful coexistence of the various groups. In every period, different social groups were and are tolerated differently. Problems with tolerance and discrimination of certain individuals and groups have today also become a centre of attention for scientists and the entire society.