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Tolerance is an aspect of the balance between power and freedom. This contribution starts from a decision taken by the general synod of the Reformed Churches in the Netherlands, in 1914, on the issue of church members who did not recognise infant baptism. The synod decided that – on certain conditions – 'tolerance can be practiced' towards such members. This contribution analyses and evaluates this decision, with particular attention for the distinction made between fundamental and non-fundamental faith issues. It shows how this decision is related to the broader context of early twentieth century political life in the Netherlands (the 'Pacification of 1917'), and it concludes with some thoughts on the costliness of true tolerance. ; http://www.hts.org.za ; am2017 ; Church History and Church Policy

Einstellung zu Religion und Kirche.

Themen: Kirchgangshäufigkeit; Gebethäufigkeit; Vorstellung von Gott;
Gottesglaube; Glaube an Jesus Christus; Glaube an ein Leben nach dem
Tod, das Jüngste Gericht und an eine Wiedergeburt; Einstellung zu
Angehörigen anderer Religionsgemeinschaften wie evangelische,
Mohamedaner, Katholiken, Zeugen Jehovas, Juden, Mormonen, Scientologen,
griechisch-orthodoxe, Buddhisten sowie Wünschelrutengänger, Astrologen,
Kartenleger, Wunder- und Geisterheiler.

Demographie: Alter; Geschlecht; Familienstand; Schulbildung; Beruf;
Berufstätigkeit; Haushaltseinkommen; Haushaltsgröße; Ortsgröße;
Bundesland.

This article is an attempt to bridge both the concept of ethnic and political tolerance into one account. It also is an attempt to make a connection between both ethnic and political tolerance with the studies of voting behaviour. Using qualitative methodology with content analysis approach and reviewing past literature, this article proposed a development of democratic-rational learning framework, a hybrid perspective from democratic learning and rational choice theories. As to date, the non-existence of any single model that explains both areas may pave to a new avenue in understand tolerance ethnically and politically and its importance in the study of voting behaviour. The proposed framework is perhaps contributed to the current body of knowledge of both theories. It is significance where ethnic and politics perceived as most important matter, and tolerance become increasingly worldwide agenda in managing multi-diversity society. Evidences are discussed further. DOI:10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n4s1p365

The correlation between civil society and democracy is a big discussion in academic world. Democracy that engenders a civic culture usually linked into a tolerant behavior in society. This study aims to understand how the participation of individuals in civil society, in this case is BPK (fire fighter community) in Banjarmasin, cause them to become more tolerance in a pluralistic society. In addition, this study also examines whether the involvement of member to BPK in Banjarmasin make them as an individual who is more attentive and tolerant towards different groups or vice versa. This study argues that there is a correlation between a personal membership in civil society with their augmentation in tolerance attitude. The case of fire fighter community in Banjarmasin shows an establishment of a brotherhood among its members. The attitude of "sanak ikam" or your brother brings up the attitude of civic members' tolerance of all the differences that exist in other individuals in general and differences in members of BPK in particular. Furthermore, on personal level, a member's attitude towards tolerance can also be affected by the diversity of members in BPK who their affiliated. However, BPK has the possibility of being a place for political contestation. On one side BPK has been playing a role in fostering tolerance in Banjarmasin society, on the other hand, it is possible in the future become a double-edged knife that even destroys the tolerance that has been formed.

The correlation between civil society and democracy is a big discussion in academic world. Democracy that engenders a civic culture usually linked into a tolerant behavior in society. This study aims to understand how the participation of individuals in civil society, in this case is BPK (fire fighter community) in Banjarmasin, cause them to become more tolerance in a pluralistic society. In addition, this study also examines whether the involvement of member to BPK in Banjarmasin make them as an individual who is more attentive and tolerant towards different groups or vice versa. This study argues that there is a correlation between a personal membership in civil society with their augmentation in tolerance attitude. The case of fire fighter community in Banjarmasin shows an establishment of a brotherhood among its members. The attitude of "sanak ikam" or your brother brings up the attitude of civic members' tolerance of all the differences that exist in other individuals in general and differences in members of BPK in particular. Furthermore, on personal level, a member's attitude towards tolerance can also be affected by the diversity of members in BPK who their affiliated. However, BPK has the possibility of being a place for political contestation. On one side BPK has been playing a role in fostering tolerance in Banjarmasin society, on the other hand, it is possible in the future become a double-edged knife that even destroys the tolerance that has been formed.

This paper argues for the importance of individuals' tolerance of inequality for economic growth. By using the political ideology of governments as a measure of revealed tolerance of inequality, the paper shows that controlling for ideology improves the accuracy with which the effects of inequality are measured. Results show that inequality reduces growth but more so in societies where people perceive it as being relatively unfair. Further results indicate that legal quality and social trust are likely transmission channels for the effects of inequality.

Sedition law is being talked again. People are filing cases over cases and coming out on street to protest insisting that the accused be arrested immediately in the case of Amnesty International India. Another case has been booked against the Ramya, the ex-Parliamentarian, for making a statement with respect to Pakistan. These cases raise larger questions on free speech and expression in a democratic nation.

One central obstacle in the way of modernizing societies in the Third World is the difficulty of combining tolerance and development the author studies the social, cultural and political conditions which favor social and economic development., avoiding economic reductionism of the kind which sees the market and economic growth as the only path to development as well as that which sees the disappearance of capitalism as the cure for all evils. Bula says that all societies are conflictive by nature, but some manage to solve their conflicts by consensus. In the Third World there are a number of economic and political interests opposed tothe opening up of society", and progress towards equi ty and solidarity will only be achieved with contradiction and conflict". The challenge is therefore to form a "new paradigm" for democracy which gives values and qualitative growth priority over quantitative growth; one that prizes the quality of life and the environment. This is the task of society as a whole, from which the new social movements will produce the leading agents in the new paradigm. ; Un obstáculo central para construir sociedades modernas en el Tercer Mundo es la dificultad para combinar la tolerancia con el desarrollo. El autor estudia las condiciones sociales, culturales y políticas que favorecen el desarrollo social y económico, evitando el reduccionismo económico, tanto el que ve en el mercado y en el crecimiento la única vía para el desarrollo como el que ve en la desaparición del capitalismo la solución a todos los males. Afirma que todas las sociedades son conflictivas por naturaleza, aunque algunas han logrado resolver sus conflictos mediante consenso. En el tercer mundo existen numerosos intereses económicos y políticos que se oponen a la apertura de espacios sociales y sólo "a través de un proceso contradictorio y conflictivo se avanzará hacia una sociedad equitativa y solidaria". Así el reto es configurar un "nuevo paradigma" democrático que dé prioridad a los valores, al crecimiento cualitativo antes que el cuantitativo, a la calidad de vida y del medio ambiente. Y esta tarea es responsabilidad de la sociedad civil, dentro de la cual los nuevos movimientos sociales serán los actores del nuevo paradigma.

Previous findings suggest that income inequality leads to lower legal quality. This paper argues that voters' tolerance of inequality exerts an additional influence. Empirical findings suggest that inequality leads to lower legal quality due to its effect on trust while the tolerance of inequality, proxied by the political ideology of the median voter, exerts an independent influence.

This paper argues for the importance of individuals' tolerance of inequality for economic growth. By using the political ideology of governments as a measure of revealed tolerance of inequality, the paper shows that controlling for ideology improves the accuracy with which the effects of inequality are measured. Results show that inequality reduces growth but more so in societies where people perceive it as being relatively unfair. Further results indicate that legal quality and social trust are likely transmission channels for the effects of inequality.

In 1956, Jaques Lacan developed the The Graph of Desire, where he explains how Human Nature is tied to a logical order. This system is what we called language, however this must not be misunderstood, as english or others but more as a structure where the individual creates associations that allows them to find a place in the world. The language and its order, is where intolerances like racism, classism and others situate, not as words belonging to the mainstream language, but to the actions that respond to the symbolic and logical order of the language. There's a need to study and reformulate the action of racism, and recognize the political use of oppression in the person's constitution. As a counselor in training, there is a need to know how this logical order situates the victim and the oppressor in their own personal development. In 1977, Foucault publishes 'Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison' where he explains the sociological and political function of gender, race, and their relationship with power. My proposition is not in those fields, but suggest keeping this in hand to understand in depth the location, challenges, and complexes the client in session can have.

Abstract In the field of political behavior, tolerance is a crucial element to keep harmonious relationship. Studies should be able to measure a valid construct of tolerance in an effort to understand it further. Ferrar (1979) conducted a research focusing on the concept of political tolerance and theorized political tolerance to have three dimensions, namely flexible, approval, and allowance. This study aims to construct a political tolerance scale based on Ferrar's concept and dimensions. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) is employed to test the construct validity and dimensionality of the Political Tolerance Scale. Participants were 300 Indonesian-Muslims. The results support the Political Tolerance Scale as a unidimensional scale consists of flexible, approval, and allowance dimensions. However, the limitation of the samples' characteristic suggests future studies to conduct further researches on samples with different characteristics.AbstractDalam ilmu perilaku politik, toleransi adalah merupakan elemen penting untuk menjaga keharmonisan hubungan. Kajian saintifik harus mampu mengukur konstruk toleransi yang valid dalam upaya memahaminya lebih jauh. Ferrar (1979) melakukan penelitian yang berfokus pada konsep toleransi politik dimana toleransi politik diteorikan memiliki tiga dimensi, yaitu fleksibel, persetujuan, dan pengakomodiran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkonstruksi alat ukur toleransi politik. Analisis faktor konfirmatori (CFA) digunakan untuk menguji validitas konstruk dan dimensi Skala Toleransi. Pesertanya adalah 300 orang Muslim Indonesia. Hasil yang didapat mendukung Skala Toleransi Politik sebagai skala unidimensional yang terdiri dari dimensi fleksibel, persetujuan, dan pengakomodiran. Namun, keterbatasan karakteristik sampel mendorong studi selanjutnya untuk melakukan penelitian lebih lanjut pada karakteristik sampel yang berbeda.

Previous findings suggest that income inequality leads to lower legal quality. This paper argues that voters' tolerance of inequality exerts an additional influence. Empirical findings suggest that inequality leads to lower legal quality due to its effect on trust while the tolerance of inequality, proxied by the political ideology of the median voter, exerts an independent influence.

Tolerance means respect, acceptance and understanding of the rich cultures of our world, the different ways of expressing oneself and one's individuality. It is formed by knowledge, sincerity, open communication and free thought, conscience and faith. Tolerance is a unit of diversity. This is not only a moral duty, but also a political and legal need. Tolerance is the key to peace and the transition from the uncultured to the culture of peace. The concept of tolerance is widely used in various fields of science and life, including politics, philosophy, social ethics, and comparative theology. Tolerance is derived from the Latin word (tolerae), which means to endure, to be patient, and basically to accept something, a different idea or point of view with as much tolerance and perseverance as possible, regardless of one's own personal understanding. Tolerance is a concept that means refraining from distortion of the creed, the absoluteness of truth, and affirms the rules established by international human rights instruments.