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The idea of toleration as the appropriate response to difference has been central to liberal thought since Locke. Although the subject has been widely and variously explored, there has been reluctance to acknowledge the new meaning that current debates on toleration have when compared with those at its origins in the early modern period and with subsequent discussions about pluralism and freedom of expression.This collection starts from a clear recognition of the new terms of the debate. It recognises that a new academic consensus is slowly emerging on a view of tolerance that is reasonable in two senses. Firstly of reflecting the capacity of seeing the other's viewpoint, secondly on the relatively limited extent to which toleration can be granted. It reflects the cross-thematic and cross-disciplinary nature of such discussions, dissecting a number of debates such as liberalism and communitarianism, public and private, multiculturalism and the politics of identity, and a number of disciplines: moral, legal and political philosophy, historical and educational studies, anthropology, sociology and psychology.A group of distinguished authors explore the complexities emerging from the new debate. They scrutinise, with analytical sophistication, the philosophical foundation, the normative content and the broadly political implications of a new culture of toleration for diverse societies. Specific issues considered include the toleration of religious discrimination in employment, city life and community, social ethos, publicity, justice and reason and ethics.The book is unique in resolutely looking forward to the theoretical and practical challenges posed by commitment to a conception of toleration demanding empathy and understanding in an ever-diversifying world.

Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- Introduction: How to Write About Toleration -- Chapter One: Personal Attitudes and political Arrangements -- Chapter Two: Five Regimes of Toleration -- Multinational Empires -- International Society -- Consociations -- Nation-States -- Immigrant Societies -- Summary -- Chapter Three: Complicated Cases -- France -- Israel -- Canada -- The European Community -- Chapter Four: Practical Issues -- Power -- Class -- Gender -- Religion -- Education -- Civil Religion -- Tolerating the Intolerant -- Chapter Five: Modern and Postmodern Toleration -- The Modern Projects -- Postmodernity¿ -- Epilogue: Reflections on American Multiculturalism -- Notes -- Acknowledgments -- Index.

Political liberals now defend what Rawls calls the "inclusive view" of public reason with the appropriate ideal of reasonable pluralism. Against the application of such a liberal conception of toleration to deliberative democracy "the open view of toleration is with no constraints" is the only regime of toleration that can be democratically justified. Recent debates about the public or nonpublic character of religious reasons provide a good test case and show why liberal deliberative theories are intolerant and fail to live up to democratic obligations to provide justifications to all members of the deliberative community. In a deliberative democracy, accommodations to religious minorities must be based on transformations in the current reflective equilibrium among the norms that make up the complex democratic ideal. This is not merely a conceptual enterprise of commensuration, since the need for any such transformation in standards of justification is due to changes in the nature of the polity itself, changes that in turn modify its regime of toleration.

Baird reviews 'On Toleration' by Michael Walzer.

Arguments for toleration -- Trust and the rationality of toleration -- The conversion to toleration -- Establishing toleration -- Of socinians : toleration and the limits of trust -- Of homosexuals : trust and the practices of public reason -- Epilogue: Balancing trust and toleration.

If we are to understand the concept of toleration in terms of everyday life, we must address a key philosophical and political tension: the call for restraint when encountering apparently wrong beliefs and actions versus the good reasons for interfering with the lives of the subjects of these beliefs and actions. This collection contains original contributions to the ongoing debate on the nature of toleration, including its definition, historical development, justification, and limits. In exploring the issues surrounding toleration, the essays address a variety of provocative questions. Is tol

A review essay on a book by Rainer Forst, Toleranz im Konflit: Geschichte, Gehalt und Gegenwart eines umstrittenen Begriffs ([Tolerance in Conflict: History, Content and Present of a Disputed Concept] Frankfurt/Main: Suhrkamp, 2003).