Suchergebnisse

WOS: 000461078400001 ; Citizenship education was influenced by fundamental changes that happened following the end of the Cold War in 1989. Traditional citizenship education aiming to build a monolithic national identity, disseminate an image of homogeneous society and transmit the knowledge of political system has evolved towards modern citizenship education characterised by an emphasis on human rights, democracy, the rule of law, respect for diversity and a concern to develop students' political participation skills. The transition to modern citizenship education in Turkey started with the pushing of international educational projects and is still underway. Drawing on critical discourse analysis, this study explores what kind of citizenship education the 2018 Social Studies Courses Programme of Study envisages. The study found that the new programme intensely reflects the characteristics of traditional citizenship education. Taking into account this study's findings might lead to more effective implementation of the programme and increase the success of future curriculum reforms.

The facet of territorial and military ambitions began to lose its importance with the states starting to specialize in high value-added and intangible assets. Richard Rosecrance endeavored to formulate a novel development method for these relatively small-scale states. Instead of developing an immense domestic manufacturing capacity with traditional production methods, these 'virtual' states have followed a knowledge, artificial intelligence, and innovation-based development that emphasizes investment, high added value, and the mobility of intangible assets. Although some states did not wholly fit into the virtual state framework within the scope of Rosecrance's definition, they carried some of its characteristics. This study claims that Qatar, which has succeeded in establishing a sphere of influence beyond its borders and population, has some virtual state characteristics by merging its rich hydrocarbon resources with technology and innovation. After a theoretical review, the study claims that Qatar's virtual state characteristics have considerably mitigated the deleterious effects of the embargo imposed on Qatar by four Arab countries in 2017. The final part expands the Qatar-Turkey relationship that comes to the forefront as the field of applying these characteristics from an economic and financial perspective, contrary to the prevailing ideology and politics-based studies in the literature.

At every second in any part of the world people are faced with a disaster risk. When we look at statistical data, many people lose their lives and the countries are suffering serious damage in material terms. When we look at the content of losses, we see that lack of education has made serious contributions to disaster catastrophe. As schools are among major places where education services are provided, they are the first institutions to provide awareness of individuals in disaster training. In today's developing world, there is change and development in the field of education as it is the case for all fields of life. Educational institutions, that have a traditional education understanding structured with a passive approach based on rote-learning, have adopted the philosophy of constructivist approach with 2005 program change in Turkey. Scenario-based teaching (STÖ) method is one of the education methods that take the student at the center and see the teacher as a guide. As disaster training issues are related to a lot of social loss and risk, the program of disaster training at the secondary school level is included in social science courses. This study analyzes the effects of scenario-based disaster training on the disaster-related information and attitude level of secondary school students. The characteristics of the scenario-based teaching model are thought to be appropriate in teaching the disaster topics included in the updated social studies curriculum and in achieving the goals to be attained by the students. The research was conducted using quantitative research methods. In the quantitative dimension of the study, "pre and post test pattern with control group pattern" was used from experimental designs. The study group of the research is composed of 46 students who are attending to 6th grade in a randomly selected secondary school in Kocaeli, which is the most affected province from disaster in Turkey. The application phase of the study lasted 6 weeks. In this process, the experimental group were taught disaster training activities formed by scenario-based training while the control group were taught according to the currently applied traditional approach based on narrative and question-answer method. Disaster education achievement test (ABT), Disaster preparedness attitude scale (AHTÖ) were developed and used to collect the data of the study. The ABT achievement test and the AHTÖ attitude scale were administered twice to the experimental and control groups as pre - test and post - test. In the study, t-test for independent groups and t-test for dependent groups in the SPSS 22 statistical package program were performed to determine the effect of the course on the knowledge and attitudes of the students when the course is taught with the scenarios prepared according to the STÖ method. At the end of the study, it was determined that there was a significant difference between students' post-test attitude scores for disaster preparedness attitudes. Finding end result one, it shows that the STÖ method increases the attitudes towards the AHTÖ positively. It was determined that there was a significant difference between students' post-test academic achievement scores. These findings indicate that the STÖ method positively enhances the ABT-oriented academic achievement levels of students. In this context, it was concluded that Scenario-Based Training contributes to Disaster-Related Information and Attitude Levels of Secondary School Students.

Seçmenler, yerel seçimlerde oy tercihinde bulunurken farklı faktörlerden etkilenebilmektedirler. Bu faktörlere bağlı olarak seçmenler oy verme davranışını sergilerler. Seçmen davranışı, yerel seçimler ve yerel seçimlerde Muş Merkez İlçe Belediye sınırlarında yaşayan seçmenlerin, oy kullanma davranışının incelenmesini konu alan çalışmamızda ilk olarak seçmen davranışıyla ilgili temel kavramlar olan siyaset, demokrasi ve seçmen gibi konular hakkında detaylı literatür taraması ve buna bağlı gerekli açıklamalar yapılarak seçmen davranışının kavramsal ve teorik yönleri irdelendi. Daha sonra seçim olgusu ele alınarak seçimlerin organizasyonu üzerinde durulmaya çalışıldı. Son bölümde de en doğru sonuca ulaşmak için 380 kişilik örneklem grubu ile yüz yüze görüşülerek anketli alan araştırması yapıldı, anket SPSS paket programı tekniği ile değerlendirilerek sonuçlar tablolar haline getirildi. Bu çalışmada ulaşılan temel bulgular: Seçmenlerin belediye başkanını seçerken ilk önce adayın kişiliğine, daha sonra hangi partiye mensup olduğuna odaklandıkları görüldü ki araştırmamızda, daha önce yapılan çalışmalarda da buna benzer bir sonuca varıldığı görülmüştür. Ayrıca katılımcıların eğitim durumuna bağlı olarak, eğitim seviyesi düşük seçmenler daha çok geleneksel özelliklere; aşiret, dindarlık gibi kavramlara odaklanırken, eğitim seviyesi yükseldikçe seçmenlerin adaylarda yeni özellikler arandığı ortaya çıkmıştır. Adayların eğitim durumu, yerel ekonomiye sunacağı katkı, belediyecilik konusundaki bilgi ve tecrübesi gibi. Oy tercihlerinin belirlenmesi noktasında eğitim seviyesi düşük gruplarda aile büyüklerinin etkisi fazla iken bu etki, eğitim seviyesinin artmasına bağlı olarak azalmaktadır. Lisans mezunu grupta ise bu etki en aza inerek kişinin kendi kararını kendisinin alabilme yeteneğinin ya da talebinin devreye girdiği görülmüştür. ; Voters can be affected by various factors while voting in local elections. Accordingly they exhibit the behaviour of voting. In our study which includes voters' behaviours and local elections and the examination of voting behaviours of voters who live in the central district of Muş, firstly a detailed literatüre review has been made about subjects such as politics, democracy and voter which are basic concepts about voters' behaviours and accordingly necessary declarations have been made and after this the conceptual and theoretical aspects of electoral behaviour have been examined. After that, by dealing with the concept of election, it has been tried to focus on the organisation of the elections. Finally, a field survey method was used for the last section which is arduous and requires effort and accordingly a survey was done face to face with a selected group consisting of 380 people and the survey was evaluated by SPSS package technique and the results were tabulated. The majör findings of this study: It has been seen that when the voters choose the mayor, they first focus on the personality of the candidate and then on the party he/she belongs to and according to our study, previous studies also had a similar result. Also it has been seen that voters having a lower education level mainly focus on traditional features such as tribe and piety, but as this level increases, new features such as education situation, contribution to local economy and knowledge about municipality are looked for. At the point of determining the vote preference, while the impact of the elderly in the family is high among the groups having a low education level, this impact decreases as the education level increases and this impact is the lowest among the groups having a bachelor's degree, so it has been seen that this person has the ability or request to take his own decision. ; 419094

İnsanın varoluşsal istek ve acılarına hitap eden din, dünyanın en eski ve köklü kurumlarından biridir. Evrenin ve dünyanın yaratılışı ile birlikte orada kendi yaşamının nedeni, anlamı, düzeni ve sonrası konusunda duyduğu aydınlanma arzusunun tanrısal bir yansımasıdır. Din bireylere sağladığı ontolojik bilgi referansından beslenen huzur ve güvenlik duygusunun yanı sıra, toplumu bir arada tutan gelenek, hukuk ve siyasetin şekillenmesine olan katkısı açısından da toplumun temel taşı olmayı hak etmektedir. Bu nedenle, geleneksel, hukuksal, toplumsal ve siyasal yapılarla ilgili kişisel ve toplumsal yönelimlere ilişkin bilimsel çözümlemelerde öncelikle dikkate alınması gereken yaşamsal dinamiklerden biri olduğunda kuşku yoktur. Bu çalışmanın hedefi, dinî inançların siyasal tutumlar ve seçmen davranışları üzerindeki etkisini ortaya çıkarmaktır. Çalışmanın konusuna paralel olarak siyasal kimlik ve davranışların oluşum ve hareketinde büyük bir rol oynayan din kurumuyla ilgili bireysel ve toplumsal algı ve bu algının siyasal yapı üzerindeki etkileri çerçevesinde siyasal halkla ilişkilerin önemli bir enstrüman ve aktörü olarak dinin fonksiyonu zaman zaman akademik çevrelerin ilgisini çekmektedir. Burada öne çıkan ve yanıtı aranan, dinin bireylerin siyasal davranışını ve seçmen tercihini etkileyip etkilemediği ve ortaya çıkan yanıt olumluysa hangi ölçüde etkilediği sorularıdır. Söz konusu sorulara nesnel ve bilimsel yanıtlar bulunabilmesi için literatür taraması yoluyla yapılandırılacak kapsamlı bir kuramsal çalışmanın ardından Türkiye'nin İç Anadolu Bölgesi'nin dört büyük kentleri olan Ankara, Eskişehir, Konya ve Kayseri'de tesadüfî örneklem yoluyla seçilen 800 denek üzerinde yapılan anket çalışması neticesinde elde edilmiş olan veriler üzerinde öncelikle bir faktör analizi yapılmıştır. Ortaya çıkan faktörlerin mevcut değişkenlerle karşılaştırılmasında "tek yönlü varyans analizi" (one-way anova); aynı değerler açısından cinsiyete göre değerlendirmeler yapabilmek amacıyla bağımsız örneklem "T testi" (Independent Samplest T test); siyasal tutum ölçeği, siyasal bilgi kaynağı ve dinî bilgi kaynağının maddelerinin önem düzeylerini belirlemek için Aritmetik Ortalama (A.O.) testi; ayrıca kategorik (nominal) düzeydeki değişkenlerin birbirleriyle olan ilişkilerini çözümlemek için "Ki kare" testi kullanılmıştır. Böylelikle elde edilmiş olan sonuçlardan hareketle, araştırma hipotezlerinin test edilebilmesine yönelik olarak anlamlı ve genellenebilir sonuçlara ulaşılmış bulunmaktadır. ; Religion which has always called upon the human being's nature's unalterable laws and more specifically its existential desires and afflictions is no doubt one of the oldest, deep-rooted and most important traditional institutions on the face of the Earth. It is a divine reflection of mankind's craving and effort to interrogate and understand the reasons of creation of the universe, the meaning of life on Earth and the life after death. Religion, as the most outstanding basis of tradition, law and politics at the same time, obviously deserves to be the most vigorous founding body of the society, as well as the individuals' ontological resource of peace and security provided with its heavenly, celestial knowledge references. Hence, having an important influence on forming the individuals' wordview in general and correspondingly their political perception and identities, it is widely taken into consideration as an efficient factor before all else in the processes of academic studies and scientific researches on political issues such as political attitude, voting behaviour and electoral behaviour. The main target of this study is to yield up whether religiosity has a considerable amount of influence on the formation of political identity and political behaviors. If it has an enormous effect on them as an major instrument and actor, to what extent does it operate behind the individuals' political attitudes and political decision-making processes? After a noteworthy sum of theoretical part, application of a comprehensive survey is planned to carry out for finding out satisfying objective and scientific answers to those questions. At the end of the application part of the study, first of all, a factor analysis was made on available data. Then a One-Way Anova was made in comparison of obtained factors with present variables and also an Independent Samplest T Test was made so as to be able to make evaluations in the same direction. In addition, the programme called Ki Square was used in order to resolve the relationships among variables at nominal level. In the meantime, Arithmetical Mean Test was used in order to find out the sequence of significance of articles of the scale of political attitude and also the resources of political and religious information. Thereafter, it was tried to be reached at the whole necessary explicit and definitive results which could also be generalized to similar events. The significant conclusion that religion is directly effective on forming political attitude and directing electoral behaviors was finally reached in the light of analysis of those available findings.

Bu çalışma, Türkiye'nin dış ilişkilerde sosyal, kültürel ve ekonomik kalkınma modellemesini yaygınlaştırarak uluslararası konjonktürde etkililiği'ni artırma hedeflerinde temel amacın ne oranda gerçekleştiğini incelemeye yönelik planlanmıştır. Türkiye'nin daha barışçıl dünya düzeninin inşasında ve korunmasında uluslararası aktör olarak etkililiği'nin ölçümlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. 1980'ler sonrası yeni dünya düzeni arayışlarında, salt bölgesel değil küresel karar verici olma potansiyelini uluslararası ilişkiler aracılığıyla sürekli artırma hedeflerinde Türkiye'nin bu amaçla yürütmekte olduğu çalışmaların son dönemlerde daha da ön plana alınmaya başlandığı görülmektedir. Bilindiği üzere, bugün artık küreselleşme sürecinin aktörlerinden biri olabilmek demokrasi kültürüne sahip olmayı gerekli koşul saymaktadır. Küresel sürecin beraberinde getirdiği yeni demokrasi anlayışı da devletlerarası işbirliğini ve temel özgürlüklere saygıyı esas almaktadır. Hatta küreselleşme sürecinde ekonomik ve siyasal ilişkileri demokrasi ve insan haklarından bağımsız ele almak mümkün olamamaktadır. Dolayısıyla, ekonomik ve siyasal istikrarın ve gelişimin en önemli dayanağını oluşturan demokrasi, küreselleşmenin de en güvenilir altyapısını hazırlamaktadır. Türkiye de, küresel politikalarla istikrarlı bir şekilde demokratik yükselişte etkililiğini artırma gayreti içindedir. Bu ivmenin genel anlamda daha da yükselebilmesi için gereksinim duyulan bilimsel verilere daha sistemli ulaşabilmek adına bu çalışmaya girişilmiştir. Kamu diplomasisine yönelik model oluşturma gayesi taşımaktadır. Metodolojik sınırlama gereği, ülkenin yatırımlarından ve tarihsel bağlarından ötürü Orta Asya'da Kırgızistan özelinde sistematize edilmiştir. Dolayısıyla, bu alanda sistematik bir çalışma olarak büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu bağlamda, Kırgızistan'da Türkiye algısı nasıl oluşmuştur, ne şekilde inşa edilmiştir sorgulamasına niceliksel istatistiki veriler aracılığıyla ulaşılmaya çalışılmıştır. Genel anlamda, Türkiye ile ilgili olumlu algılamalara ilişkin bulgulara erişilmiş olunmasına rağmen, düzeyin Türkiye'nin Kırgızistan'a yönelik kalkınma yardımları ve yürüttüğü kamu diplomasisi dolayımında olması gereken yükseklikte olmadığı da tespit edilmiş, sonuçtaki öneriler de bu duruma yönelik oluşturulmuştur. ; A state's international communication activity has played a very important role in strengthening its image and respect for the world public opinion. Regardless of the basic goal of a nation, the prestige of the nation, its strong recognition in other words, is sometimes the most important factor for the success of its foreign policy. For this reason, respect in politics for a rational foreign policy is indispensable. In our time when power struggle has come out of a struggle with traditional methods such as pressure and military force and has become a much wider struggle of people, prestige has become a very important weapon. There is no doubt that the main purpose of political and cultural promotion in the international arena is to support the external politics that are motivated. For this reason, it is necessary to treat general and long-term promotion politics as a whole of planned actions to improve the reputation of a country and to improve its overall appearance in the world. When we approach to the subject from the point of view of Turkey, it is important to emphasize that since the establishment of the Republic of Turkey, such activities are carried out within a "peaceful" foreign policy. From the standpoint of foreign policy, Turkey has struggled to be in the breakthroughs that can always be regarded as a political equilibrium, especially in its region. The international system is restructured by communication and information movements. In this sense, public diplomacy has become one of the indispensable elements of international strategic communication management because of the importance of agenda-affecting ability. That is why today, almost every developed and developing state has a goal of progress, the state places great importance on acting towards active public diplomacy in order to create a 'positive image' for them in the eyes of foreign public circles. Diplomacy is the knowledge and art of managing relations between states and these relations meticulously. In its broadest sense, it can be defined as the whole of the independent states, that is, the relations between the basic units of the international system and the methods used. Diplomacy is aimed at meeting the opponents, finding their own ideas and proposals, or finding a common solution. Prior to World War II, diplomacy aimed at states that were the sovereign actors of the purely international system. After World War II, emergence of international organizations and civil society organizations as new actors of international relations and emerging communication technologies seem to have changed traditional diplomacy. The possibilities and opportunities obtained by the production, collection, sorting and distribution of the information by a great deal of breadth, ease and speed have also started to be used in the field of diplomacy. This innovation in communication technologies has brought the issue of not only the states but also the peoples of the states to be subject to diplomatic activities. This changing diplomatic environment brings together the concept of 'soft power'. Joseph Nye's soft power, which was further expanded in 2004 by the Soft Power book published in 1990 with the Bound to Lead book and the literary book, is the attainment of the wishes of a nation in world politics, by observing the countries that admire its values, exemplify it, care for its prosperity and opportunities. It is important not only to force others to change using military threats or economic sanctions, but to create agendas in world politics and to attract them as well. Soft power is to make sure others want the results you want and is to attract people instead of pushing them away. Therefore, soft power is the ability to attract others, to win their hearts and minds. Public diplomacy is also one of the most important elements of fine power today, when international politics is in a pragmatic course towards the soft power from hard power. Public diplomacy has to be seen as the sum of the programs that will support the diffusion of cultural and national values. Besides public diplomacy heals the image in foreign countries. In this study is planned to investigate the main purpose of Turkey in the aim of increasing the effectiveness in international conjuncture by expanding social, cultural and economic development model in foreign relations. It is aimed to measure Turkey's effectiveness as an international actor in the construction and protection of a more peaceful world order. Turkey is aiming to continually increase its potential to become a global decision-maker, not just a regional, in the quest for new world order after the 1980s, through international relations. It is seen that the studies that are being carried out for this purpose have begun to be taken more prominently in recent periods. As it is known, today it is necessary to have a democracy culture to become one of the actors of the globalization process. The new understanding of democracy brought about by the global process is based on respect for interstate cooperation and fundamental freedoms. Even in the process of globalization, economic and political relations can not be handled independently of democracy and human rights. Therefore, democracy, which constitutes the most important basis of economic and political stability and development, is also preparing the most reliable infrastructure of globalization. Turkey is also striving to increase its effectiveness with a stable democratic rise through global policies. This work has been undertaken in order to achieve a more systematic approach to the scientific data needed to increase this rate in general terms. It aims to create a model for public diplomacy. Because of the methodological limitations, it was systematized in Central Asia for Kyrgyzstan, due to the investments and historical ties of the country. Therefore, this field is of great importance as a systematic study. In this context, it has been tried to reach the question of how the perception of Turkey has been formed and how it has been constructed in Kyrgyzstan through quantitative statistical data. In general, it has been found that despite the fact that positive perceptions related to Turkey have been reached, Turkey has not been at the height required for development aid for Kyrgyzstan and the public diplomacy it conducted, and the resulting proposals are aimed at this situation.