This article reflects the person who has received the right to practice in traditional medicine. The traditional forms of creativity and innovation must be protectable intellectual property to protect traditional remedies and indigenous art and music against misappropriation, and enable communities to control and benefit collectively from their commercial exploitation. However, unlike the other countries in Ukraine traditional knowledge is protected by conventional intellectual property systems. In our country there are not any specific systems for protecting traditional knowledge.The traditional knowledge is generally regarded as collectively originated and held, so that any rights and interests in this material should vest in communities rather than individuals. In some cases, however, individuals, such as traditional healers, might be regarded as the holders of traditional knowledge or traditional cultural expressions and as beneficiaries of protection. So the subject of intellectual property rights on traditional knowledge is indigenous peoples, indigenous communities, local communities, traditional communities, individuals, as a group of people living in the territory, which differ from other community social cultural or economic living conditions, with their own traditions and customs legislation and in some cases individuals, such as traditional healers.The living nature of traditional knowledge means that it should be protected by the special intellectual property legislation.The author provides the idea to amend the legislation of Ukraine and make a legal instrument would define what is meant by traditional knowledge who the rights holders would be, how competing claims by communities would be resolved, and what rights and exceptions ought to apply. ; В статье рассматриваются вопросы, связанные с определением понятий народная медицина, дополнительная и альтернативная медицина, традиционные знания и субъекты интеллектуальной собственности на традиционные знания. Статья содержит анализ законодательства по регулированию правового статуса лиц, получивших право на занятие народной медициной, а так же обоснование необходимости принятия норм права по защите их прав интеллектуальной собственности. ; У статті розглядаються питання, пов'язані з визначенням понять народна медицина, додаткова та альтернативна медицина, традиційні знання і суб'єкти інтелектуальної власності на традиційні знання. Стаття містить аналіз законодавства щодо регулювання правового статусу осіб, які отримали право на зайняття народною медициною (цілительсьвом), а також обґрунтування необхідності захисту їх прав інтелектуальної власності.
У статті розглянута сутність економіки знань, її вплив на економічні блага, перспективи й напрямки формування, впровадження та розвитку економіки знань в Україні. Розроблені теоретичні основи щодо економіки знань, виявлені та систематизовані тенденції розвитку економічних відносин під зростаючим впливом фактору «знання» у сучасній економіці. ; В статье рассмотрена сущность экономики знаний, ее влияние на экономические блага, перспективы и направления формирования, внедрения и развития экономики знаний в Украине. Разработаны теоретические основы экономики знаний, выявлены и систематизированы тенденции развития экономических отношений под растущим влиянием фактора «знание» в современной экономике. ; In today's world, there are new trends, one of which is the transformation of knowledge into a key resource of development, globalization of competition based on creating the science- and knowledge-intensive products and services. However, the issues regarding the development and implementation of a knowledge economy in Ukraine remain under-investigated.The paper considers the nature of the knowledge economy, its impact on economic goods, prospects and directions of formation, implementation and development of the knowledge economy in Ukraine. The theoretical foundations of the knowledge economy were developed, development trends of economic relations under the growing influence of the "knowledge" factor in a modern economy were found and systematized.The analysis of the knowledge economy peculiarities, which lies in the fact that this economy uses information resources that have specific features and distinguish them from traditional resources was performed.The paper presents the rating of Ukraine by indices, relating to information and communication technologies. The conditions and new factors of economic growth, the implementation of which is important to achieve progress towards the formation of a knowledge economy in Ukraine were examined. The research on the development prospects of the knowledge economy in Ukraine, conducted in the paper is aimed at promoting economic reforms, namely the formation of favorable conditions for investors in the creation of intellectual products; formation of an effective incentive system of taxation; stabilization of the political situation and so on.
У статті розглянута сутність економіки знань, її вплив на економічні блага, перспективи й напрямки формування, впровадження та розвитку економіки знань в Україні. Розроблені теоретичні основи щодо економіки знань, виявлені та систематизовані тенденції розвитку економічних відносин під зростаючим впливом фактору «знання» у сучасній економіці. ; В статье рассмотрена сущность экономики знаний, ее влияние на экономические блага, перспективы и направления формирования, внедрения и развития экономики знаний в Украине. Разработаны теоретические основы экономики знаний, выявлены и систематизированы тенденции развития экономических отношений под растущим влиянием фактора «знание» в современной экономике. ; In today's world, there are new trends, one of which is the transformation of knowledge into a key resource of development, globalization of competition based on creating the science- and knowledge-intensive products and services. However, the issues regarding the development and implementation of a knowledge economy in Ukraine remain under-investigated.The paper considers the nature of the knowledge economy, its impact on economic goods, prospects and directions of formation, implementation and development of the knowledge economy in Ukraine. The theoretical foundations of the knowledge economy were developed, development trends of economic relations under the growing influence of the "knowledge" factor in a modern economy were found and systematized.The analysis of the knowledge economy peculiarities, which lies in the fact that this economy uses information resources that have specific features and distinguish them from traditional resources was performed.The paper presents the rating of Ukraine by indices, relating to information and communication technologies. The conditions and new factors of economic growth, the implementation of which is important to achieve progress towards the formation of a knowledge economy in Ukraine were examined. The research on the development prospects of the knowledge economy in Ukraine, conducted in the paper is aimed at promoting economic reforms, namely the formation of favorable conditions for investors in the creation of intellectual products; formation of an effective incentive system of taxation; stabilization of the political situation and so on.
The article is devoted to the research of the peculiarities of the organization of the process of combining traditional and interactive technologies for the involvement of students of non-language specialties in professional situations in a foreign language. The author noted that fundamental changes in the economy due to the growing role of knowledge, the revolution in information and communication technologies, the globalization of the labor market, as well as political changes, dictate new requirements for training, i.e. change the social order of society to prepare in the short term a specialist who is well trained in communicative foreign language competencies. Given the minimum number of hours specified in the curriculum, the current state educational standard of higher professional education, which is a set of requirements required to reconcile the new social order of society with modern requirements, to form foreign language communicative and professional competencies, not an easy task. If earlier foreign language teaching in a non-language university was focused on reading, understanding and translating special texts of scientific style, now it is necessary to think about shifting the emphasis in teaching to develop language communication skills on professional topics and conducting scientific discussions. To achieve this goal requires a combination of traditional and interactive learning, which is based on personality-oriented learning. The purpose of traditional learning is to transfer to students and assimilate as much knowledge as possible. In the context of interactive learning, knowledge takes other forms. On the one hand, they represent certain information about the world around them, and on the other hand, the peculiarity of this information is that students receive it not in the form of a readymade system from the teacher, but in the process of their active work under the guidance of the teacher. The purpose of interactive learning is to create conditions for the teacher to allow students to ...
The development of a knowledge-based economy is a powerful impetus for structural changes in the labor market that are associated with the intensive diffusion and introduction of innovation into production processes. In this regard, the necessary condition for the stable functioning of the economic system is the adaptation of public relations in the field of employment to the requirements of the market of innovative technologies. The purpose of this article is to develop a universal model of state regulation of employment transformation in the context of innovative economic development, taking into account the experience of conducting employment policy of Ukraine and EU countries. Accordingly, the objectives of the study are: to consider the theoretical aspects of employment transformation in an innovative economy; to compare key indicators reflecting the level of innovative employment of the population in Ukraine and the EU countries; to propose recommendations for the creation of a universal model of state regulation of the employment transformation under the influence of innovation. The practical significance of the recommendations made in the study results from the possibility of their use in the process of public policy development, which contains specific measures and directions of improving public relations in the labor market in the context of innovation employment transformation. ; The development of a knowledge-based economy is a powerful impetus for structural changes in the labor market that are associated with the intensive diffusion and introduction of innovation into production processes. In this regard, the necessary condition for the stable functioning of the economic system is the adaptation of public relations in the field of employment to the requirements of the market of innovative technologies. The purpose of this article is to develop a universal model of state regulation of employment transformation in the context of innovative economic development, taking into account the experience of conducting employment policy of Ukraine and EU countries. Accordingly, the objectives of the study are: to consider the theoretical aspects of employment transformation in an innovative economy; to compare key indicators reflecting the level of innovative employment of the population in Ukraine and the EU countries; to propose recommendations for the creation of a universal model of state regulation of the employment transformation under the influence of innovation. The practical significance of the recommendations made in the study results from the possibility of their use in the process of public policy development, which contains specific measures and directions of improving public relations in the labor market in the context of innovation employment transformation.
Purpose. Preparation of brief scientific and technical review with an analytical analysis about the state, achievements, problems and prospects of development of world thermal power engineering. Methodology. Known scientific methods of collection, analysis and analytical treatment of the opened scientific and technical information, present in scientific monographs, journals and internet reports, world level in area of thermal power engineering. Results. A brief analytical scientific and technical review is resulted about the present state, achievements, problem tasks and prospects of development of thermal power engineering in the industrially developed countries of the world. Considerable progress is marked in development and creation of technical base of modern thermal power engineering including such thermal power devices (TPD) as steam generators, steam turbines and turbogenerators. Basic TPDs are described, charts of design and types of the modern thermal power plants (TPP), producing in the world about 70 % annual production electric power are presented. From positions of approach of the systems advantages and lacks of TPPs are described before other types of electric stations, generating heat and electric energy in industrial scales. Basic technical descriptions of largest TPPs of Ukraine are resulted, TPDs of powerful power units of which behave to the morally out-of-date past generation and characterized a large physical wear. Some topical problem tasks and possible ways of their decision are indicated in area of thermal power engineering of Ukraine. In a review an accent is done on the necessity of development and acceptance of strategic plan of development of thermal power engineering of Ukraine on the nearest 10 years. A regard is paid to power engineering experts acceleration of rates of introduction in domestic practice of achievements alternative and ecologically clean power engineering specialists − especially wind energy and sun energy. Originality. Systematization of the scientific and technical materials touching functioning of such important sector of world economy as thermal power engineering known from the sources opened in outer informative space is executed. It is shown that for normal development and determination of the nearest prospects for domestic thermal energy the native revision of power politics of Ukraine is needed. Practical value. Popularization and deepening for students, engineers and technical specialists and research workers of front-rank scientific and technical knowledge in area of modern thermal energy, extending their scientific range of interests and further development of scientific and technical progress in society. ; Приведен краткий научно-аналитический обзор о современном техническом состоянии и ближайших перспективах развития мировой теплоэнергетики. Рассмотрены основные теплоэнергоустройства, схемы построения и виды тепловых электрических станций (ТЭС). Указаны преимущества и недостатки ТЭС перед другими видами электрических станций, генерирующих тепло и электричество. Приведены основные технические характеристики крупнейших ТЭС Украины. Обозначены существующие проблемные задачи и возможные пути их решения в области теплоэнергетики Украины.
Purpose. Preparation of brief scientific and technical review with an analytical analysis about the state, achievements, problems and prospects of development of world thermal power engineering. Methodology. Known scientific methods of collection, analysis and analytical treatment of the opened scientific and technical information, present in scientific monographs, journals and internet reports, world level in area of thermal power engineering. Results. A brief analytical scientific and technical review is resulted about the present state, achievements, problem tasks and prospects of development of thermal power engineering in the industrially developed countries of the world. Considerable progress is marked in development and creation of technical base of modern thermal power engineering including such thermal power devices (TPD) as steam generators, steam turbines and turbogenerators. Basic TPDs are described, charts of design and types of the modern thermal power plants (TPP), producing in the world about 70 % annual production electric power are presented. From positions of approach of the systems advantages and lacks of TPPs are described before other types of electric stations, generating heat and electric energy in industrial scales. Basic technical descriptions of largest TPPs of Ukraine are resulted, TPDs of powerful power units of which behave to the morally out-of-date past generation and characterized a large physical wear. Some topical problem tasks and possible ways of their decision are indicated in area of thermal power engineering of Ukraine. In a review an accent is done on the necessity of development and acceptance of strategic plan of development of thermal power engineering of Ukraine on the nearest 10 years. A regard is paid to power engineering experts acceleration of rates of introduction in domestic practice of achievements alternative and ecologically clean power engineering specialists − especially wind energy and sun energy. Originality. Systematization of the scientific and technical materials touching functioning of such important sector of world economy as thermal power engineering known from the sources opened in outer informative space is executed. It is shown that for normal development and determination of the nearest prospects for domestic thermal energy the native revision of power politics of Ukraine is needed. Practical value. Popularization and deepening for students, engineers and technical specialists and research workers of front-rank scientific and technical knowledge in area of modern thermal energy, extending their scientific range of interests and further development of scientific and technical progress in society. ; Приведен краткий научно-аналитический обзор о современном техническом состоянии и ближайших перспективах развития мировой теплоэнергетики. Рассмотрены основные теплоэнергоустройства, схемы построения и виды тепловых электрических станций (ТЭС). Указаны преимущества и недостатки ТЭС перед другими видами электрических станций, генерирующих тепло и электричество. Приведены основные технические характеристики крупнейших ТЭС Украины. Обозначены существующие проблемные задачи и возможные пути их решения в области теплоэнергетики Украины.
Traditional methods (examinations, tests, etc.) are time consuming and contain an element of the teacher's subjective attitude. This generates formalism and subjectivity in assessing the readiness of future officers of the National Guard and the Armed Forces of Ukraine. In higher military educational institutions of the National Guard and the Armed Forces of Ukraine, testing is used, as one of the methods of interactive learning, for pedagogical assessment of knowledge in the learning process, the level of training of cadets, adjustments to the teaching process, as well as evaluation of pedagogical technologies used by scientific and pedagogical workers. It was emphasized that the main indicators of test quality are validity, reliability, differential capacity, practicality and cost effectiveness. The main indicators of test quality are validity, reliability, differential ability, practicality and cost-effectiveness. Validity is a characteristic of a test that shows what a test measures and how effectively it measures it. Validity of the test means its suitability to determine the level of knowledge of certain professional skills. Reliability is a necessary condition for the validity of a test. The reliability of a test is determined by the stability of its function as a measurement tool. Reliable test gives approximately the same results when reapplied. Differential ability is a characteristic of the test that indicates the ability of this test to identify test and non-susceptible testers, that is, with a sufficient and insufficient level of proficiency in professional skills and abilities. Therefore, the introduction of testing into the educational process in conjunction with computer technologies provides operational feedback, Maximum automation of test verification. This simplifies the testing of students' knowledge, makes it objective, affordable, everyday, cheap, and the quality of students' knowledge is high, because tests can be used not only for control, but also for training. That is why computerized testing becomes relevant in the conditions of professional training of specialists. ; Традиційні методи перевірки знань курсантів (іспити, заліки тощо) вимагають багато часу і містять елемент суб'єктивного ставлення викладача.Це породжує формалізм і суб'єктивізм в оцінці підготовленості майбутніх офіцерів Національної гвардії та Збройних Сил України. У вищих військових навчальних закладах Національної гвардії та Збройних Сил України тестування використовують, як один з методів інтерактивного навчання для педагогічного оцінювання знань у процесі навчання, рівня підготовки курсантів, коригування процесу викладання, а також оцінки педагогічних технологій, що застосовуються науково-педагогічними працівниками. Крім того, основними показниками якості тесту є валідність, надійність, диференційна здатність, практичність і економічність. Валідність – характеристика тесту, котра показує, що саме вимірює тест і наскільки ефективно він це робить. Валідність тесту означає його придатність для визначення рівня володіння певними професійними навичками і уміннями. Надійність тесту визначається стабільністю його функції як інструментом вимірювання. Надійний тест дає приблизно однакові результати при повторному застосуванні. Диференціальна здатність – характеристика тесту, яка вказує на здатність даного тесту виявляти успішних і неуспішних тестованих, тобто з достатнім і недостатнім рівнем володіння професійними навичками і уміннями. Тому впровадження тестування в навчальний процес в поєднанні з комп'ютерними технологіями забезпечує оперативний зворотній зв'язок, максимальну автоматизацію перевірки тестових завдань. Це спрощує перевірку знань курсантів, робить її об'єктивною, доступною, повсякденною, дешевою, а якість знань курсантів – високою, адже тести можна використовувати не тільки для контролю, але і для навчання. Саме тому комп'ютеризоване тестування набуває актуальності за умов професійної підготовки військових фахівців.
The author of the article makes an attempt of philosophic generalization of "modern society" term, whereas modern philosophic discourse has several conceptions that characterize modern condition of the development of modern society and demands methodological generalization. The attention was drawn to the place and the role of a human being in a modern society, possible ways of its realization. It is generally accepted to classify traditional and modern society. The article analyzes classical treatment of society by native and foreign researchers. In particular: postindustrial, informational, technotronic, mass society, knowledge society and consummation society. Each concept, which substantiates modern stage of modern society development, observes human phenomenon in its original way. We may state that the observation of human problem leads to the mass and individual dyhotomy. The life of modern individual differs greatly from the life of traditional one. The individual himself faces the changes caused by the changes in all spheres of human living (economics, politics, culture, etc). Therefor these transformations give birth to a principally new situation with no analogues in previous experience of both: a human being in particular and society as a whole. The observation of various conceptions (postindustrial, consumption society, mass society etc) shows qualitative changes of all spheres of human activity of individuals (politics, economics, culture). And the key stone is that the transformation of each individual occurs as the result of these changes. ; В статье сделана попытка философского обобщения понятия "современное общество", поскольку современный философский дискурс имеет несколько концепций, которые характеризуют современное состояние развития обществ, которое нуждается в методологическом обобщении. Обращено внимание на роль и место человека в современном обществе, возможные пути его реализации. ; У статті зроблена спроба філософського узагальнення поняття «сучасне суспільство», оскільки сучасний філософський дискурс має декілька концепцій, які характеризують сучасний стан розвитку суспільств, що потребує методологічного узагальнення. Звернена увага і на роль та місце людини у сучасному суспільстві, можливі шляхи її реалізації.
The role of higher education institutions in the world is growing in ensuring socio-economic development that is the result of the transition to the paradigm of knowledge economy in the most developed countries. Started in 2014, the reform of higher education system in Ukraine must, among other things, include ensuring the implementation of national intellectual capital through technologies transfer. The relevance of the article is predetermined by the need for a comprehensive approach to the preparation of plans for reforms in the period of global competition for knowledge as the main resource for development. The purpose of writing the article is substantiation of the recommendations on the most urgent aspects of the development of technology transfer in Ukraine on the basis of generalization of foreign experience and the analysis of domestic realities. To achieve the objective we identified the following tasks: to generalize theoretical principles of TT; to identify the world leaders of the TT and their peculiarities; to explore the characteristics of the development of TT in developing countries; to study the current status of TT in Ukraine. The article substantiates that the establishment of the developed innovative economy in which the activity of the TT is an important factor, as a rule, takes a long time. Results of the study showed that the lack of efficient activity of TT is often due to the fact that this activity is viewed separately from the more complex issue of knowledge management in all forms, in particular as a mandatory stage of R & D. The lack of implementation of the competence–based model in domestic Universities, research centers, businesses and state and local governments leads to the fact that the activities of TT do not have any mentioning of entrepreneurial, marketing competences. Their lack, in turn, causes low efficiency of TT activities. In the developed countries, the growth of the commercial activity of the Universities and research centers came as a result of evolutionary demands of society regarding the efficiency of investments in science and education. In the developing countries, such as Ukraine, the desire of commercial aspect in the development of the commercial aspect of TT is considered in terms of the impossibility of providing sufficient and stable funding, lack of financial mechanisms of accumulation of the results of successful TT. Under such circumstances, the really concerned are exclusively the employees of Universities and research centers themselves, the interests of whom are detached from other stakeholders' intentions, the unity of whom is substantiated in the triple helix concept. The effectiveness of efforts with regard to TT is limited by the lack of opportunities of accumulation of financial results from the commercialization of OÌV in domestic Universities. Received financial results often are allocated on current activities because of insufficient, falling financing from traditional sources. The means of the state budget must remain the main traditional source, but in this case engaging other sources must be supported. The negative dynamics of spending state funds on research and educational activities is predetermined by various factors, among which is insufficient disclosure of the recipients from the state funds of the reports about the results and the analysis of the efficiency of their spending. Lack of publicity, lack of transparency may testify to the privatization of the results of the activities by individual subjects or to a significant corruption component in their activities. At the same time, lack of publicity can indicate a low level of public accountability of the results and inability to take responsibility for certain risks. The lack of information about created effects, including multiplying, from the implementation of OÌV and technologies provides prerequisites for the relative "victories" in the competition for budget funds in other areas. Introduction of the competence–based model, in particular entrepreneurial and marketing competencies, into the activities of TT of national institutions should improve their efficiency in the medium term to the level of the developed countries. Taking into account the obtained findings during the development of the reform of the system of education and science will increase their level of international competitiveness and the level of efficiency of investments in this field, which will have comprehensive positive impact on national prosperity. Scientific novelty of the work is proven by: substantiating of the implementation of long–term strategies to increase competitiveness of universities and research centers as key institutions in the generation and transfer of knowledge; detecting the insufficiency of entrepreneurial, marketing and other competences in the development policy of the University offices of technology transfer; substantiation of the necessity of implementation of societal requirements concerning accountability of universities and research centers for disclosure of the efficiency of spending tax payers' money and their contribution to socio-economic development of the regions and the country. There remains a wide range of issues, the study of which my reflected in further work. In particular, we believe relevant: 1) justification of a scorecard measuring all aspects of TT; 2) study of the formation of professional networks in the field of TT; 3) substantiation of the system of motivation and efficiency of cooperation of all involved players; 4) methodological work with the patent policies of the universities and their convergence with scientific and research institutions; 5) building a culture of public accountability of institutions of scientific and educational spheres as recipients of the taxpayers' funds.
Article is devoted to comprehension of the processes of formation of the personality in society in the plane problem of the relationship "I – Another." Attention is focused on the issues of socialization and personalizationas of manwell as the forms and mechanisms of his adaptation to the conditions of life of society, to which he is open and internally oriented to dialogue. Analysis is based on paradigm of T. Parsons that socialization implies, on the one hand, the integration of the personality into society, on the other hand, his differentiation.It is shown that every epoch brings its understanding of the essential qualities of the person, which is implemented in the context of socio-cultural development of society. In this perspective, the optimization of the process of coordination of individual and society becomes the key issue of our time. It stimulates the development of extensiveand intensive modern technologies in the sphere of social practice, the main functional task of which is maintenance of a certain level of social consolidation of society.In the process of socialization individual perceives and internalizes sociocultural experience of collective of people united by common orientations, social problems and general life activity. Obtained knowledge is the basis of spiritual and practical activity of human. They allow to him to understand his place in the world, as well as to form his attitude to surrounding reality and himself.Knowledge forms the basis of human spirituality. However, to have a real impact on the life of the subject, theyshould be transformed into world outlook and moral principles, values, vital reference points and to outgrow in awareness of specific goals and means to achieve them. In the process of socialization of the individual the social experience, generalized in the forms of culture, transforms into individual life form. Simultaneously with the formation of selfidentification such areas of its self-consciousness as self-knowledge, emotional and value attitude toward himself, selfregulation are developed.The process of communication with Other is one of the necessary conditions for the formation, development andsocialization of personality. Not achievement of identity with him is the aim of communication. The contrary, identifying himself with Other, the individual seeks to determine his I, to recognize as individual reality.The idea of communication is based on the paradigm of collectivity existence of the human being. Its main determinants are common goals, that consolidate people; general rules governing the collective activity; common values as a system of criteria assess the effectiveness and acceptability those or other acts and products of human activity.The difference between the processes of socialization in traditional and non-traditional societies is justified. It isshown that a factor of such a difference is primarily a non-identity of their knowledge systems, which are the initialspiritual prerequisite for the formation of self-consciousness. Mechanisms of external influence on the person in theprocess of its formation are also different. For example, the integration of the individual in a non-traditional society is organized and regulated by social institutions (public, private) purposefully, in accordance with the norms which are accepted in a given society. Sociocultural regulation includes all aspects of non-traditional society: economic, political, legal, religious, artistic, and other areas.In traditional society (with its collective consciousness, syncretic character culture) traditions that historically developed in the process of its development, are its main social and cultural regulator. Integration of the individual in traditional society is accomplished by mastering traditions – sociocultural heritage, which is transferred directly from one generation to another (from parents to children, from master to disciple, etc.).In traditional society (with its collective consciousness and its syncretic character of culture) traditions that historically developed in the process of its development, are main sociocultural regulator. Integration of the individual in traditional society is accomplished by mastering traditions – sociocultural heritage, which is transferred directly from one generation to another (from parents to children, from master to disciple, etc.).The degree of differentiation of the individual in these societies is also nonidentical. For example, in a traditionalsociety, in which are appreciated innovation and initiative the formation of extraordinary "I" comes to the fore. Person aspires to individual self-expression, that is, the emphasis is on the differentiation of the individual. In traditional society, in which collectivity dominates, on the contrary, the differentiation of the individual less weighty, which is manifested most clearly in the anonymous character of creative work of folk artists.Thus, solving the problem of socialization by assimilation of socio-cultural experience of society, a man transforms the forms of his determination in the self-identification. Spheres of his consciousness (self-knowledge, emotional and value attitude toward himself, self-regulation) are developed. ; Статья посвящена осмыслению процессов формирования личности в обществе в плоскости проблемы взаимоотношений "Я – Другой". Внимание концентрируется на вопросах социализации и персонализации личности, формах и механизмах ее адаптации к условиям жизнедеятельности социума, к которому она открыта и внутренне ориентирована на диалог. Показано, что, решая задачу индивидуального путем усвоения социокультурного опыта сообщества, человек превращает формы своей детерминации в самоидентификацию. ; Стаття присвячена осмисленню процесів формування особистості у суспільстві у площині проблеми взаємовідносин "Я – Інший". Увага концентрується на питаннях соціалізації і персоналізації особистості, формах і механізмах її адаптації до умов життєдіяльності соціуму, до якого вона відкрита і внутрішнє орієнтована на діалог. Показано, що, вирішуючи завдання індивідуального шляхом засвоєння соціокультурного досвіду спільноти, людина перетворює форми своєї детермінації у самоідентифікацію.
The purpose of the research is to study modern means of communication during protests, as well as to analyze their effects on the example of Belarus. The research methodology consists in the application of such general scientific methods as synthesis, analysis, generalization, comparison, which allowed to explore the features, problems, and possibilities of using traditional and modern means of communication during political protests. The scientific novelty of the work is that the article summarizes the knowledge about the specifics of the use of traditional and modern protest communication tools in modern conditions. The author carried out the analysis of communication tools efficiency on the example of Belarus. It is concluded that the latest online tools in modern protest communications play a key role because even traditional means, such as protests, are coordinated through messengers and social networks. At the same time, traditional means do not lose their relevance, as the protest effectiveness without their use would be low. Therefore, a successful combination of traditional and modern means, offline and online communications, provides the best results of the protest. Regarding the effectiveness and efficiency of communication means used by the protesters in Belarus, it is worth noting their effectiveness, although the main goal – a change of government – has not been achieved. This is explained by several circumstances, in particular, the epidemiological situation, the rapid reaction of O. Lukashenko's team, and the work of the entire state apparatus, law enforcement agencies to curb the protest wave. The self-proclaimed president also takes symmetrical measures against the opposition, organizes pro-government rallies, mobilizes his supporters, and relies on the power bloc. Consequently, it can be stated that the struggle between the authorities and the protesters will continue, and the final victory will depend on the ability to respond quickly to domestic and external events, to use available ...
Стаття присвячена аналізу стану органічного виробництва, динаміки основних показників розвитку органічного виро-бництва в Україні. Інтенсифікація сільського господарства, яка останнім часом відбувається в усьому світі, має негативний вплив не лише на навколишнє середовище, але і виснажує природні ресурси, без яких ведення агровиробництва неможливе. До переваг органічного сільського господарства можна віднести отримання якісної екологічно чистої продукції, формува¬ння стійких агроекосистем, порівнюючи із традиційними. Незважаючи на декларовані у законодавстві плани розширення органічного виробництва в Україні, таке виробництво зростає повільно, а більша частина виробленої продукції йде на експорт. В умо-вах Львівської області передумовами розвитку органічного сільського господарства є: потреба відтворення родючості грунтів та збереження довкілля; піднесення рівня життя й розвитку сільських територій; потреба забезпечення ринку здоровою, якісною продукцією; необхідність покращення іміджу регіону як виробника екологічної продукції. Як результат, органічне виробництво може стати ефективним інструментом збереження традиційних знань ведення господарства у кожному регіоні, а також зменшення міграції сільського населення до мегаполісів. Проведений аналіз дав можливість ідентифікувати основні проблеми більш динамічного розвитку органічного вироб-ництва України та запропонувати шляхи їх усунення. Визначено перспективи розвитку ринку органічної продукції на основі його поточного стану, тенденцій розвитку та чинників, що на нього впливають. ; Интенсификация сельского хозяйства, происходящая в последнее время во всем мире, негативно влияет не только на окружающую среду, но и истощает природные ресурсы, без которых невозможно ведение агропроизводства. К преимуществам органического сельского хозяйства можно отнести получение качественной экологически чистой продукции, формирование устойчивых агроекосистем, в сравнении с традиционными. Несмотря на декларируемые в законодательстве планы расширения органического производства в Украине, такое производство растет медленно, а большая часть произведенной продукции идет на экспорт. В условиях Львовской области предпосылками для развития органического сельского хозяйства являются: необходимость восстановления плодородия почв и сохранения окружающей среды; повышение уровня жизни и развития сельских территорий; потребность обеспечения рынка здоровой, качественной продукцией; необходимость улучшения имиджа региона как производителя экологической продукции. Как результат, органическое производство может стать эффективным инструментом сохранения традиционных знаний ведения хозяйства в каждом регионе, а также уменьшение миграции сельского населения в мегаполисы. Проведенный анализ позволил идентифицировать основные проблемы более динамичного развития органического производства Украины и предложить пути их устранения. Определены перспективы развития рынка органической продукции на основании его текущего состояния, тенденций развития и факторов, влияющих на него. ; The article is devoted to the analyses of organic production which has a range of economical and ecological benefits. We analyzed the dynamics of the main indicators of the development of organic production in Ukraine. Intensification of agriculture that has been going on in the world, has a negative impact not only on the environment but also depletes natural resources without driving agricultural production impossible. The advantages of organic farming are: hight quality eco-friendly products, formation of stable agricultural ecosystems, higher than traditional productivity, less energy spending. In spite of declared legislation plan to expand organic production in Ukraine, production is increasing very slowly, and most of the output is getting exported. The prerequisites for the development of organic agriculture in the Lviv region are: the necessity of soil fertility restoration and preservation of the envi-ronment; the rise of living standards and rural development; the necessity to ensure market healthy, quality products; the necessity to improve the image of the region as a producer of environmentally friendly products. As a result, organic farming can be an effective tool for preserving traditional knowledge of farming in each region and to reduce migration of rural population to the cities. The analysis enables us to identify the main problems of organic production in Ukraine and introduce the ways to solve them. Author researches the market prospects of organic products based on its current status, trends and factors which are affecting it.
One of the oldest Hungarian centers in Ukraine that was and has remained Transcarpathian region, where according to official figures, the number of the Hungarians is about 151, 5 thousand people, has been studied in this article. Based on the materials of the famous scientists and their ethnographic study, the author considers the Magyarswedding ritual of this region as an integral part of Hungarian traditional culture of the area. The relevance of this topic is to study the problem of historical reconstruction of the wedding ritualism of the Hungarians in the multicultural conditions of the region. Active increasing of social attention to high- quality level reproduction of the historical foundation of the traditional culture of the Hungarian national minorities, leads us to formulate and further to solve important issues of stylistic adaptation of folk traditions to requirements of modern Europeanized wedding culture of Ukraine. In order to define the main direction of this study, it is necessary to pay special attention to impact of major social and cultural tendencies in historical formation of mentality and traditions of the Hungarian population in Transcarpathia.The works by L.Kovach, M.Horvath, P.Shandor, O.Balla are used in this article on issues of history of Hungariantraditional culture; material culture of Transcarpathian population – I.Symonenko, S.Makovskyi, archetypical modules in family relationships of the population of Soviet Ukraine – A. Ponomaryov; fundamental study of ethnography of Transcarpathia – M.Tyvodar; materials of ethnographical society under the chairmanship of A.Voloshyn (archival materials of the town Mukachevo, Transcarpathian region, the middle of the 20th century); ethno-mental components of the wedding ritual of the Hungarians are the main studies of the author of this article. The aim of this study is the identification of the determination level of the Hungarian wedding ritualism under conditions of polyculture in Transcarpathia. It should be noticed that people's idea of world conception is, in fact, its philosophy, to tell the truth, naive, with powerful mythological layer. In order to understand the essence of folk world conception, it is necessary to remember the fact that the Hungarians of Transcarpathia are farmers, whose principal basis in the formation of cultural traditions and customs is the cult of fertility, vegetation. It was Transcarpathia, where customs and ceremonies of ancestors were kept and passed by in folk culture and great attention was paid to their expansion despite powerful prohibition, in the second half of the 20th century.Different norms of behaviour, rituals, beliefs and superstitions were connected with them which created specialatmosphere of solemnity, secrecy of these traditions, with a kind of semantic layer and connection of levels of different time ideas of world conceptions, beliefs and knowledge. Gradual historical development brought changes in all spheres of social life, including family. Ethnographic materials testify great attention in folk environment to inside family relationship and their dependency, first of all, on spouse relationship of a husband and a wife. It is worth emphasizing that, family institution underwent exceptionally great and essential changes in Transcarpathia in the second half of the 20th century, with radical political and social and economic reforms, cardinal ideological and moral and ethical reorientation, decades of totalitarianism, repressions, hard times after the war, large- scale migrations and forced deportation and forced labor migration abroad which is still considered to be unprecedented state intervention in the family sphere. Due to massive outflow of population from the countryside, the rapid process of urbanization in Transcarpathia, the number of urban families highly increased and the number of rural families dramatically reduced.Since 1960s the tendency of aging of villagers has become really threatening, especially after the war, there has beenconstant decrease of young families and large families. If in the past mainly homogeneous social spouses were created (a peasant man married to a peasant woman, a poor man married to a poor woman, a rich man married to a rich woman, a workman married to a workwoman, a craftsman married to a girl of the same environment, an intelligent man married to an intelligent woman), in Soviet times, as A. Ponomaryov emphasizes in his book "The development of marriage and family relations", a special socially mixed family was typical which brought people of different status, professions, education together: a peasant-farmer and a teacher , a worker and a doctor, a trade worker and a machine operator.So the main components of the Hungarian wedding ceremony in Transcarpathia, as well as in the main territoryof Hungary were: before wedding, wedding and post-wedding periods, each of them consisted of special rituals,merriment, entertainment and traditional cookery components. It should be noted that in current conditions of totalconsolidation and Europeanization of all elements of Hungarian culture, the wedding ritual has some decorative look and sometimes even "souvenir" one. Today family and marriage traditions have been almost unchanged only in some Hungarian villages of Transcarpathian region, they still impress thanks to identity of the rituals and their components. ; В статье исследуется один из древнейших центров проживання венгров в Украине, которым было и остается Закарпатье. Опираясь на материалы известных ученых и собственные этнографические исследования, автор рассматривает свадебный обряд мадьяр данного региона как неотъемлемую часть венгерской традиционной культуры края. ; У статті досліджується один з найдавніших угорських осередків в Україні, яким була і залишається Закарпатська область. Спираючись на матеріали відомих науковців та власні етнографічні дослідження, автор розглядає весільний обряд мадярів даного регіону як невід'ємну частину угорської традиційної культури краю.
Стаття, присвячена дослідженню форм і методів підвищення кваліфікації китайських учителів, висвітлює важливість підвищення кваліфікації для професійного розвитку педагога, необхідність вчасного проходження курсів підвищення кваліфікації, що в подальшій діяльності педагогічного фахівця значно вплине на його успіхи у професії. Результати дослідження можуть бути практично використані для дисциплін «Загальна педагогіка», «Порівняльна педагогіка». Використано такі методи дослідження: порівняльно-педагогічний аналіз, вивчення й узагальнення педагогічного досвіду, першоджерел, теоретичні узагальнення й висновки. ; The training of the teachers is on a special place between other problems of modern education. Forms and methouds of raising the level of teachers' skills in China is an integral part of teachers' training. The system of raising the level of teachers' skills in China is constantly developed. The question of forms and methouds of raising the level of teachers' skills in China is not revealed in Ukrainian research literature on sufficient level. The article is devoted to the peculiarities of forms and methouds of raising the level of teachers' skills in China, the importance of raising the level of teachers' skills is highlighted, the need to improve knowledge for teachers and the basic types of the system of raising the level of teachers' skills in China are analyzed in detail, the basic documents that coordinate this system are analyzed, the requirements to teachers to raise their abilities steadily, the function of the higher educational establisments are considered. The aim of raising the level of teachers' skills in China is to increase their professional abilities, its influence on the pedagogical process. A responsible teacher should be well educated ideologically, should have a high level of knowledge of the subject and be a responsible person, who conscientiously treats his profession. There are a lot of interesting innovative forms and methods to raise teachers' professional skills, such as discourse, dispute, Internet conference and others. The article reveals the meaning of raising the level of teachers' skills in China, it's importance, it's necessity, the problems which teachers could have with their work during the activity. One of the most important forms of raising the level of teachers' skills in China is to make pedagogical or scientific research. It is also important that Chinese government must encourage teachers to raise their professional skill. All these factors are important, because the high-qualified teacher, who constantly work at the improving their professional skills and abilities can influence the formation of good attitude to the teaching profession in trainees. Pedagogical research and summarized observations of teaching experience, primary sources are used as a method of research, theoretical generalizations and conclusions are made. The results of the research can be used in disciplines "General pedagogy" and "Comparative pedagogy".
