Formal and Transcendental Logic
In: Springer eBook Collection
Preparatory Considerations -- I / The Structures and the Sphere of Objective Formal Logic -- 1. Formal logic as apophantic analytics -- 2. Formal apophantics, formal mathematics -- 3. Theory of deductive systems and theory of multiplicities -- 4. Focusing on objects and focusing on judgments -- 5. Apophantics, as theory of sense, and truthlogic -- II / From Formal to Transcendental Logic -- 1. Psychologism and the laying of a transcendental foundation for logic -- 2. Initial questions of transcendental-logic: problems concerning fundamental concepts -- 3. The idealizing presuppositions of logic and the constitutive criticism of them -- 4. Evidential criticism of logical principles carried back to evidential criticism of experience -- 5. The subjective grounding of logic as a problem belonging to transcendental philosophy -- 6. Transcendental phenomenology and intentional psychology. The problem of transcendental psychologism -- 7. Objective logic and the phenomenology of reason -- Conclusion -- Appendix I / Syntactical Forms and Syntactical Stuffs; Core-Forms and Core-Stuffs -- § 1. The articulation of predicative judgments -- § 2. Relatedness to subject-matter in judgments -- § 3. Pure forms and pure stuffs -- § 4. Lower and higher forms. Their sense-relation to one another -- § 5. The self-contained functional unity of the self-sufficient apophansis. Division of the combination-forms of wholes into copulatives and conjunctions -- § 6. Transition to the broadest categorial sphere -- a. Universality of the combination-forms that we have distinguished -- b. The distinctions connected with articulation can be made throughout the entire categorial sphere -- c. The amplified concept of the categorial proposition contrasted with the concept of the proposition in the old apophantic analytics -- § 7. Syntactical forms, syntactical stuffs, syntaxes -- § 8. Syntagma and member. Self-sufficient judgments, and likewise judgments in the amplified sense, as syntagmas -- § 9. The "judgment-content" as the syntactical stuff of the judgment qua syntagma -- § 10. Levels of syntactical forming -- § 11. Non-syntactical forms and stuffs — exhibited within the pure syntactical stuffs -- § 12. The core-formation, with core-stuff and core-form -- § 13. Pre-eminence of the substantival category. Substantivation -- § 14. Transition to complications -- § 15. The concept of the "term" in traditional formal logic -- Appendix II / The Phenomenological Constitution of the Judgment. Originally Active Judging and Its Secondary Modifications -- § 1. Active judging, as generating objects themselves, contrasted with its secondary modifications -- § 2. From the general theory of intentionality -- a. Original consciousness and intentional modification. Static intentional explication. Explication of the "meaning" and of the meant "itself." The multiplicity of possible modes of consciousness of the Same -- b. Intentional explication of genesis. The genetic, as well as static, originality of the experiencing manners of givenness. The "primal instituting" of "apperception" with respect to every object-category -- c. The time-form of intentional genesis and the constitution of that form. Retentional modification Sedimentation in the inconspicuous substratum (unconsciousness) -- § 3. Non-original manners of givenness of the judgment -- a. The retentional form as the intrinsically first form of "secondary sensuousness". The livingly changing constitution of a many-membered judgment -- b. Passive recollection and its constitutional effect for the judgment as an abiding unity -- c. The emergence of something that comes to mind apperceptionally is analogous to something coming to mind after the fashion of passive recollection -- § 4. The essential possibilities of activating passive manners of givenness -- § 5. The fundamental types of originally generative judging and of any judging whatever -- § 6. Indistinct verbal judging and its function -- § 7. The superiority of retentional and recollectional to apperceptional confusion; secondary evidence in confusion -- Appendix III / The Idea of a "Logic of Mere Non-Contradiction" or a "Logic of Mere Consequence" -- § 1. The goal of formal non-contradiction and of formal consequence. Broader and narrower framing of these concepts -- § 2. Relation of the systematic and radical building of a pure analytics, back to the theory of syntaxes -- § 3. The characterization of analytic judgments as merely "elucidative of knowledge" and as "tautologies" -- § 4. Remarks on "tautology" in the logistical sense, with reference to §§ 14–18 of the main text. (By Oskar Becker.).