Suchergebnisse

In this conversation, Bharat Bhushan Tyagiji, national award winning farmer from western Uttar Pradesh, and social anthropologist Richa Kumar, together attempt to analyse the alternative perspective of Tyagiji on the current crisis of farming in India, especially Punjab. Unlike typical alternative perspectives that uncritically glorify 'tradition', romanticise nature, and dismiss science and machines, Tyagiji's views are refreshingly different. His focus is on the present; he is not enamoured by tradition or by so-called traditional knowledge. At the same time, he seeks to put science back in its place—within a larger discourse and appreciation of the knowledge of living in this world with meaning and purpose. He argues for working with scientific knowledge rather than dismissing it entirely, and he wants to use technology as part of a system that also centrally values human labour. But before we can change agriculture, he argues, we have to first contend with questions of how we want to live, and what we want to value. This conversation is a small contribution towards helping us think through some of these vexing questions in the context of the future of farming.

Background: Nationwide lockdown tremendously affected academic and educational activities of medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. The medical students like all other faculties resorted to the e-learning modalities. This has helped the first MBBS students to continue learning during this period of lockdown. Hence studies about perception of medical students towards e-learning are relevant. Aims and Objectives: To assess the first MBBS student's perception about e-learning and online classes. To evaluate feasibility of utilizing e-learning by assessing the acceptability, knowledge, attitude, skills and habits of first MBBS students. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire of 25 questions on various aspects of e-learning was administered to the first MBBS students at Government Medical College, Himachal Pradesh through google form (n=100). They were asked to mark appropriate responses and the data was analysed to get the percentage and proportion on various aspects of e-learning. Results: The first MBBS students widely used e-learning resources to learn anatomy, physiology as well as biochemistry during COVID 19 pandemic. E-learning has made a positive impact on overall learning of first-year subjects, especially anatomy. The responses did not have any association with gender (p>0.05). Conclusion: Distance learning can compensate for conventional teaching during pandemic, but cannot fully replace the traditional teaching in the medical institutes.

"What do you need to know to prosper as a people for at least 65,000 years? The First Knowledges series provides a deeper understanding of the expertise and ingenuity of Indigenous Australians. For millennia, Indigenous Australians harvested this continent in ways that can offer contemporary environmental and economic solutions. Bill Gammage and Bruce Pascoe demonstrate how Aboriginal people cultivated the land through manipulation of water flows, vegetation and firestick practice. Not solely hunters and gatherers, the First Australians also farmed and stored food. They employed complex seasonal fire programs that protected Country and animals alike. In doing so, they avoided the killer fires that we fear today. Country: Future Fire, Future Farming highlights the consequences of ignoring this deep history and living in unsustainable ways. It details the remarkable agricultural and land-care techniques of First Nations peoples and shows how such practices are needed now more than ever."--

Following the 2010 U.S. Supreme Court landmark decision on campaign finance (i.e., Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission), political comedian Stephen Colbert took to the airways with a new kind of entertainment-based political commentary; satirical political activism. Colbert's creation of a super PAC garnered the attention of national media, providing him the opportunity to move his satire beyond the confines of his late-night comedy show (The Colbert Report). Transcending traditional boundaries of late-night political comedy, Colbert appeared in character on a variety of political talk shows. Meta-coverage of this collision between parody and reality begs the question: Do audiences who consume Colbert's super PAC parody in different media contexts demonstrate significantly different effects? Using data from a Web-based experiment (N = 112), effects of consuming Colbert's super PAC satire in different media contexts (political comedy show, political talk show) were compared. Results indicate that consuming Colbert's super PAC parody in the context of his comedy show resulted in significantly higher levels of issue knowledge and support for campaign finance reform when compared with those who consumed Colbert's super PAC parody in the context of a political talk show (Morning Joe). The present study addresses the theoretical and practical implications for political and policy communication.

Chapter 1 Designing the Sustainable City -- Chapter 2 The Role of Indigenous Paradigms and Traditional Knowledge Systems in Modern Humanity's Sustainability Quest – Future foundations from past knowledge -- Chapter 3 Born, not made: designing the productive city -- Chapter 4 A new model for place development – bringing together regenerative and placemaking processes -- Chapter 5 The key role of systems thinking in sustainable architecture -- Chapter 6 Liveable Green Cities; integrating climate adaptive solutions and circular economy into the built environment -- Chapter 7 Post-earthquake recovery in Nepal: A study and analysis of post disaster perception and needs for housing recovery after 2015 earthquake -- Chapter 8 Tackling urban open space encroachment in a South African township: an exploratory study -- Chapter 9 The role of smart city initiatives in driving partnerships: A case study of the Smart Social Spaces Project, Sydney Australia -- Chapter 10 Fostering successful smart campus transitions through consensus-building: a university of technology case study -- Chapter 11 The role of landscape architectural designers in landscape construction health and safety -- Chapter 12 Sustainability, ReciproCity, Radicality -- Index.

Examining a political reality of indigenous languages and cultures / Neyooxet Greymorning -- Life after land loss : policies and consequences of forced relocations of the Kola Sámi / Anna Afanasyeva -- Eualeyai story tracks / Larissa Behrendt -- The staying force of Inuit knowledge / Peter Irniq -- Aspects of traditions and traditional knowledge in Sámi culture / Gunvor Guttorm -- The lessons of coyote and the medicine tree / Arleen Adams -- Colonization as myth-making : a case study in Aotearoa / Moana Jackson -- Of this red earth / Henrietta Mann -- For a Greenlandic independence / Jens Heinrich -- The split-head resistance and reconciliation / James Sakej Henderson -- Reflections and feelings deriving from a Pulakaumaka within my heart / Kauanoe Kamana -- Original ("indigenous") nations and philosophical activism / Steven Newcomb -- "She must be civilized, she paints her toe nails" / Sharon Venne -- Current status and issues of Ainu cultural revitalization / Jirota Kitahara -- Language rejuvenation and accelerated second language acquisition / Neyooxet Greymorning -- Literacy and revitalizing endangered languages / Robert Hall -- A discussion on Blackfoot language rejuvenation / Neyooxet Greymorning, Robert Hall, Sterling HolyWhiteMountain.

Orality has always been the main channel through which culture and knowledge has passed onto generations of Indigenous peoples in Brazil. Yet, today, the need to resist cultural assimilation or, even worse, annihilation, has led to the creation of new, written materials where Indigenous people can speak for themselves by relating their history, defending their identity, and their cultural territory. Among these, Brazilian geographer, poet, and activist Márcia Wayna Kambeba of the Omágua/Kambeba people uses literature as a space where decolonial thought and traditional knowledge meet to build a philosophical, political, and poetic view on indigenous identity in general and on the experience of Indigenous women in particular. Drawing from previous studies on Brazilian Indigenous literature, decolonial theory, and decolonial feminism, this paper discusses Kambeba's works and underpins the relevance and need to examine the specificity of the experience of Brazilian Indigenous women writers as fundamental participants in the periphery of the world-literature to discuss the postcolonial configurations of identities in present-day Brazilian society.

The growing demand for participatory community development approaches has greatly influenced the need to involve community people as active partners, rather than passive recipients of programs, projects and services. Participatory approaches operate on the premise that the local people are the ultimate change agents of their own communities and that their culture is an asset to their own development. For Indigenous communities, their Indigenous cultural and knowledge systems serve as tools for sustainable collaboration.This article discusses how the ili-based community organising concept was developed by non-government organisations while working with the Igorot Indigenous Peoples in Northern Philippines. Ili is an Igorot word for 'home' or 'the land of one's birth', considered to be the Igorots' source of identity, belonging and life direction. The ili-based concept uses traditional knowledge, values and practices to facilitate the formation of People Organisations (POs). The concept is part of a wider research project on community development amongst the Igorot Indigenous Peoples of Benguet Province, Philippines.

This article examines how newspapers reporting on climate change have covered and framed Indigenous peoples. Focusing on eight newspapers in Canada, the USA, Australia, and New Zealand, we examine articles published from 1995 to 2015, and analyze them using content and framing analyses. The impacts of climate change are portrayed as having severe ecological, sociocultural, and health/safety impacts for Indigenous peoples, who are often framed as victims and "harbingers" of climate change. There is a strong focus on stories reporting on the Arctic. The lack of substantive discussion of colonialism or marginalization in the reviewed stories limits media portrayal of the structural roots of vulnerability, rendering climate change as a problem for, rather than of society. Indigenous and traditional knowledge is widely discussed, but principally as a means of corroborating scientific knowledge, or in accordance with romanticized portrayals of Indigenous peoples. Widespread disparities in the volume, content, and framing of coverage are also observed across the four nations.

The Shimshal Nature Trust is an indigenous institution rooted in a thriving and dynamic culture that links the local ecology and society. It has deployed identity, traditional knowledge, science, and institutional innovation to adapt to outside challenges without destroying local commons management. This paper reviews scholarly debate on natural resource management and uses resilience theory to examine this complex adaptive system. Two disturbances to Shimshal resilience prompted by a national park and a new road are traced. Shimshali responses include social processes of learning, knowledge systems, and renewal. Ways in which adaptive renewal cycles involve Revolt, a short, fast reaction, and Remember, a larger, slower cascade, are put in perspective. Simple and powerful qaulities that guide change are highlighted. We conclude that the Shimshal Nature Trust creates a resilient interface between the outside and inside worlds. Government, donors, and academics can participate in contextualized action-learning cycles that result in more informed and negotiated contributions to local institutions for commons management.

"Bereits um 1800 verbannte die Rumfordsche Kochmaschine das offene Herdfeuer. Ziel war ein sparsamer Umgang mit dem immer knapper werdenden Feuerholz. Das offene Herdfeuer verschwand unter Eisenringen, statt Funkenhut bekam der Herd einen Rauchabzug. Erst jetzt lohnte es sich, die ganze Küche weiß zu streichen und die weiße Farbe, die in die Küchen der nördlichen Hemisphäre einzog, wurde zum symbolischen Zeichen für den Einzug von Wissenschaft und Hygiene, die nun das 'traditional knowledge' samt Rauch- und Geruchswolken ersetzten. Seit Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts begannen wohlmeinende Ärzte, die Fehl- und Mangelernährung des gemeinen Volkes als ein Problem zu kommentieren. Frauenrechtlerinnen, die berühmt wurden für ihre Suppenküchen, die nicht nur jedermann offen standen, sondern auch volkstümliche Suppengerichte anboten, schrieben Kochbücher, in denen Fette, Eiweiße samt Kohlenhydrate und - nach dem Ersten Weltkrieg - auch Vitamine und Spurenelemente die Hauptrolle spielten. Die alte Kochkunst als ein Vermögen, nach Augenmaß und Gefühl die richtige Dosis zu bestimmen, verschwand. Sie wurde durch eine zu erlernende Küche ersetzt, deren Maßstäbe von den Experten aus Medizinalinstituten und Kliniken stammten. Nicht mehr das Haptische und die richtigen Proportionen bestimmten nun die Kochkunst, sondern die in Chemielaboren errechnete optimale Zusammensetzung eines Gerichts. Mit dem Verschwinden des alten Wissens und seiner sinnlichen Seiten schwand auch der Sinn für die soziale Bedeutung der Mahlzeit als Ritual und herkömmlicher Umgang mit dem Leiblichen." (Autorenreferat)

Long-standing research on disaster risk has tended to focus on physical science and directly connected and observable cause and effect between hazard and impact. More recently, work has extended into questions of complex causation and social construction, where cause and effect are disarticulated over space and time and coloured by an observer's viewpoint and perception. This has drawn in multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary approaches, including recognition of local or traditional knowledge. The chapter explores this transition and the ways in which the search for a more complete understanding of risk production and human action has brought both increased understanding and greater uncertainty to those who seek to use science for action. By drawing together viewpoints from social and physical science perspectives the chapter identifies four fundamental properties of knowledge production in the context of disaster risk and international development: (1) uncertainty is prevalent throughout disaster research; (2) as knowledge has grown, so awareness of the uncertainties that constrain this knowledge has also grown; (3) uncertainties are likely to remain into the future and so must be embraced; and (4) managing the presentation of uncertainty is a challenge for scientists working with policy-makers and the public, who look to science to reduce uncertainty.

This article critically examines claims that "local community" and "local/traditional knowledge" are vital contributions to safeguarding socio-economic stability and securing sustainable resource uses in times of stress. The empirical focus is on Central Vietnam, but the argument is relevant in a broader context. The article specifically questions approaches to disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation that see "local community knowledge" as a vital means to achieving resilience in socio-ecological systems. We argue that rural villages in Central Vietnam are characterised by highly dynamic local actors who eagerly exploit new income opportunities arising both from internal and external sources. Although a wide range of knowledge is available about how to cope with adverse climate and environmental conditions, this knowledge is hardly "resilience" and "equilibrium" oriented. Rather, it is found to be anthropocentric, externally oriented, sometimes opportunistic, and ultimately oriented towards an urban lifestyle—traits that are strongly rewarded by the Vietnamese state. We conclude that, at present, local aspirations may not necessarily be part of the solution, but may form part of a social and political complex that exacerbates risk, particularly for weaker population segments. Instead, new and non-state actors should play a larger role.

Human rights and intellectual property protection are two distinct fields that have largely evolved separately. Their relationship needs to be re-examined for a number of reasons. First, the impacts of intellectual property rights on the realization of human rights such as the right to health have become much more visible following the adoption of the TRIPS Agreement. Second, the increasing importance of intellectual property rights has led to the need for clarifying the scope of human rights provisions protecting individual contributions to knowledge. Third, a number of new challenges need to be addressed concerning contributions to knowledge, which cannot effectively be protected under existing intellectual property rights regimes. This article examines the different aspects of the relationship between intellectual property rights, human rights, and science and technology related provisions in human rights treaties. It analyzes existing knowledge protection-related provisions in human rights treaties. It also examines some of the impacts of existing intellectual property rights regimes on the realization of human rights. Further, it analyzes the recently adopted General Comment 17 on Article 15(1)(c) of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) and proposes an alternative broader reading of this provision focusing on traditional knowledge.

INTRODUCTION: Every year millions of people in developing countries suffer from snakebite, causing a large number of deaths and long term complications. Prevention and appropriate first aid could reduce the incidence and improve the health outcomes for those who suffer bites. However, many communities where snakebite is a major issue suffer from a lack of information about prevention and first aid measures that a family or community member could take to prevent severe envenoming, complications and poor outcomes. Myanmar suffers from a high burden of snakebites with a large number of deaths. As part of a health services and community development program, a community survey was conducted to identify communities' knowledge about snakebite and their sequelae, and knowledge and practice about first aid and health services use. METHOD: 4,276 rural residents of Kyaukse and Madaya townships in the Mandalay region were recruited by cluster sampling, involving random selection of 144 villages and random sampling of 30 households from each village. One adult member of each household was interviewed using a structured questionnaire. RESULTS: The incidence of snakebite was 116/100,000 people. Respondents reported 15 different types of snakes in the area, with Russell's Viper, Cobra and Green snakes as the most common. 88% of the people informed that working in the fields and forests was when most of the bites occur. A majority knew about snakebite prevention methods such as wearing long boots. However, only a few people knew about the specific symptoms caused by snakebites. Only 39% knew about the correct methods of first aid. More than 60% mentioned tourniquet as a first aid method, though this may cause significant complications such as ischaemia of the limb. 88% said that they would take a snakebite victim to a government hospital, and 58% mentioned availability of antivenom as the reason for doing this. At the same time, the majority mentioned that traditional methods existed for first aid and treatment and 25% mentioned ...