Suchergebnisse

Внедрение индивидуальных образовательных траекторий (ИОТ) обучающихся в учебный процесс обеспечивает вариативность содержательной, деятельностной и процессуальной областей образовательного процесса и обогащает образовательную среду. В статье представлен опыт реализации ИОТ в Самарском университете в 2021–2023 гг., выделены уникальные особенности и отдельная логика конструирования образовательных треков для основных профессиональных образовательных программ высшего образования (ОПОП ВО) по уровням образования (для бакалавриата и специалитета; для магистратуры). Подробно рассмотрен механизм наполнения блока «Майнор» дисциплинами, соответствующими брендовым компетенциям Самарского университета, на основе открытого конкурса дисциплин ИОТ. Оценить качество процесса формирования индивидуальной образовательной траектории можно по анализу вовлеченности студенческой аудитории. Приводятся результаты опроса первокурсников на этапе выбора дисциплин ИОТ, позволяющие выявить содержательные и организационные признаки осуществления выбора. Образовательные результаты и достижения обучающихся в процессе освоения дисциплин ИОТ формируются в виде личного профиля компетенций. Анализ данных анкетирования обучающихся по программам бакалавриата/специалитета и магистратуры, прошедших обучение по наиболее востребованным дисциплинам ИОТ, дал возможность сделать вывод, что дополнительными результатами обучения по ИОТ являются саморефлексия, самосознание и самоопределение обучающихся. Реализация модели ИОТ позволяет гибко настраивать образовательные программы для достижения целевых показателей Самарского университета.
The implementation of students' individual educational trajectories (IET) in training ensures variability of content, activities and procedural parts of the educational process as well as enriches the learning environment. The article deals with the experience of IET implementation at Samara University in 2021-2023, highlights its unique features and a dedicated logic of educational track design in respect to the main professional educational programs designed for higher education (MPEPHE) with due regard to the education levels (Bachelor's and Specialist's degree programs; Master's degree programs). The mechanism for Minor Block content filling with academic disciplines pertaining to the brand-based competences of Samara University, based on the open IET discipline competition, is examined in detail. The quality of the individual educational trajectory formation can be assessed based on the analysis of the student audience involvement. The findings of the first-year students survey when they selected IET disciplines are specified in the article, with due regard to the content and organizational features which their choice was based on. Academic achievements and educational outcomes of students when mastering the IET disciplines are fixed in the personal competency profile. The analysis of survey data of the undergraduate and graduate students, who majored in the most in-demand IET academic disciplines, led to conclude that self-reflection, self-awareness and self-determination are extra IET training outcomes. The implementation of the IET model allows for flexible adjustment of educational programs to achieve the performance targets of Samara University.

The article discusses the reason for underestimating the use of mathematical methods in demographic courses for economists. The juxtaposition of population theories and methods of demographic analysis and the denial of so-called "formal demography" is a dead-end path that leads to a decreasing quality of training in an increasingly quantitative format of economic education. The paper discusses the options for teaching demographic courses in bachelor's and master's programs and demonstrates the need to move from a single compulsory course to a set of electives with demographic content, designed for students with different levels of mathematical training and diverse professional interests.

The article examines the motivations for Master's students' choice of individual trajectories. In the course of their studies, the students' trajectories have educational, scientific and professional aspects. Educational, scientific and professional students' trajectories determine a system of interaction between master's students and other people in the context of educational process (teachers, other students) and beyond it (employers, research workers from Russian and foreign universities). The authors emphasize the importance of studying the master's students' individual trajectories from both scientific (identifying the peculiarities of students' trajectories formation and development) and practical points of view (investments to master's students to enhance the professional competence in the regional labour market). The authors have analysed the master's students' individual trajectories on the basis of monitoring data obtained from the survey carried out in February and December 2014. The master's students' assessments allowed to identify what educational experience they were able to get during the education and whether their experience met their expectations. The master's students' economic expectations are examined during the implementation of educational and professional trajectories. The analysis of the results has shown that the biggest gap between the expectations and the experience of the master's students was found according to the criteria related to the student's scientific trajectory and opportunities to participate in the internationalisation processes. The results of the research may be used to improve the master's programmes taking into account the revealed master's students' expectations, as well as to ensure highly qualified professionals in the labour market and for the effective investments to the human capital by the government authorities. ; Рассмотрены мотивации выбора магистрантами индивидуальных траекторий, которые включают различные аспекты образовательных, научных и профессиональных траекторий студентов в ходе получения магистерского образования. Проанализированы особенности формирования и развития образовательных траекторий студентов. ; The research has been supported by the Decree. 211 of the Government of the Russian Federation, contract No. 02. A03.21.0006.

The article discusses the trajectories of research of information and psychological war in Russian lin-guistics. The current study is aimed at deepening the understanding of the possibilities of linguistic analysis of information war and pointing out the perspectives of its further development within a framework of a comprehensive theory. The research objectives are: to overview the available scientific research papers, published after the linguistics of information and psycho-logical war was proposed by Siberian scholars; to establish the common views of Russian philologists on the phenomenon of information and psychological war; to reveal the range of tasks and prospects in the field of linguistics of information and psychological war. ; В статье дается лингвистический анализ языка информационного противоборства и рассматриваются перспективные направления развития лингвистики информационно-психологической войны.

The analysis of features of educational trajectories of representatives of Federal managerial elite of Russia has been carried out and their specificity has been defined. The biographies of 370 deputy heads of federal departments and 67 biographies of heads of federal departments were taken as a basis. According to the results, a high educational level and a number of preferences of the managerial elite have been identified, a pool of leading universities involved in personnel training has been highlighted. The special role of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration has been noted as a forge of managerial personnel and a mechanism for consolidating social status for representatives of the managerial elite. It has been supposed, that a doctorate degree is one of the conditions for getting into the managerial elite. The universality of the application of economic, legal and managerial education in the field of federal government of the country makes these profiles especially attractive for representatives of the managerial elite. The growth of managers with a universal education profile leads to the replacement of specialists with specialized education by them, and this is alarming. Universal education is becoming a certain condition for joining the state's management elite, as well as a possible way to adjustment of the compliance education to changing career paths. ; Проведен анализ особенностей образовательных траекторий представителей федеральной управленческой элиты России и определена их специфика. За основу были взяты биографии 370 заместителей глав федеральных ведомств и 67 биографий глав федеральных ведомств. По результатам выявлен высокий образовательный уровень и ряд предпочтений управленческой элиты, выделен пул лидирующих вузов, участвующих в подготовке кадров. Отмечена особая роль ФГБОУ ВО «Российская академия народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте Российской Федерации» как кузницы управленческих кадров и механизма закрепления социального статуса для представителей управленческой элиты. Высказано предположение, что докторская степень является одним из условий попадания в управленческую элиту. Универсальность применения экономического, юридического и управленческого образования в сфере федерального управления страной делает эти профили особенно привлекательными для представителей управленческой элиты. Рост управленцев с универсальным профилем образования приводит к замещению ими специалистов с профильным образованием и это настораживает. Универсальное образование становится неким условием для вхождения в управленческую элиту государства, а также возможным способом корректировки соответствия образования меняющимся карьерным траекториям.

The quality of human capital is a priority factor for the development of modern economy. Apparently, the system of higher education has a significant impact on the human development. There are a number of approaches to assessing this impact and to enhancing its positive outcomes. Studying the professional and social trajectories of graduates allows obtaining an objective picture of a practice-oriented influence of higher education on the human capital formation. The article explores young professionals' career development six months after graduation. We analyse the characteristics of young professionals' occupational and educational trajectories through examining the indicators of graduates' employment monitoring in 2014–2016. The data are supplemented by the results of the graduates' survey conducted in 2017 using administrative data. The data were processed using the methods of cluster and regression analysis, classification method and expert estimates. We have disproved the hypothesized significant impact of graduates' performance at the university and their training basis (fee-payment or budgetary funding) on the financial success of graduates. Furthermore, we have identified five tendencies. Firstly, the graduates are increasingly involved in unstable employment. Secondly, working experience has a significant impact on successful employment. Thirdly, graduates continue their training to adapt themselves to the labour market. Fourthly, the financial and social success is highly dependent on the choice of training specialities, which are in demand in the modern economy. And last, there is a high mobility among graduates. Up to 30 % of them are moving to another subject of the Russian Federation. The study results can be applied to improve the quality of bachelor and master degree programmes, taking into account the identified specifics of young professionals' unstable employment and to determine areas for effective government investment in the development of the Ural region human potential. © 2018 Institute of Economics Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. ; Russian Foundation for Basic Research, RFBR: N18–311–00175 ; The article has been supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, Grant N18–311–00175.

The quality of human capital is a priority factor for the development of modern economy. Apparently, the system of higher education has a significant impact on the human development. There are a number of approaches to assessing this impact and to enhancing its positive outcomes. Studying the professional and social trajectories of graduates allows obtaining an objective picture of a practice-oriented influence of higher education on the human capital formation. The article explores young professionals' career development six months after graduation. We analyse the characteristics of young professionals' occupational and educational trajectories through examining the indicators of graduates' employment monitoring in 2014–2016. The data are supplemented by the results of the graduates' survey conducted in 2017 using administrative data. The data were processed using the methods of cluster and regression analysis, classification method and expert estimates. We have disproved the hypothesized significant impact of graduates' performance at the university and their training basis (fee-payment or budgetary funding) on the financial success of graduates. Furthermore, we have identified five tendencies. Firstly, the graduates are increasingly involved in unstable employment. Secondly, working experience has a significant impact on successful employment. Thirdly, graduates continue their training to adapt themselves to the labour market. Fourthly, the financial and social success is highly dependent on the choice of training specialities, which are in demand in the modern economy. And last, there is a high mobility among graduates. Up to 30 % of them are moving to another subject of the Russian Federation. The study results can be applied to improve the quality of bachelor and master degree programmes, taking into account the identified specifics of young professionals' unstable employment and to determine areas for effective government investment in the development of the Ural region human potential. © 2018 Institute of Economics Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. ; Рассмотрены вопросы карьерных траекторий выпускников в контексте внутрирегионального социально-экономического развития субъектов. Проанализированы результаты трудоустройства выпускников Уральского региона и их заработные платы, а так же их образовательные характеристики. ; The article has been supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, Grant N18-311-00175.

В статье рассмотрена серия из трех экспериментов по упругопластическому деформированию сплава В95, чувствительного к виду напряженного состояния. Экспериментальные исследования проведены на тонкостенных трубчатых образцах испытательного комплекса СН-ЭВМ при их деформировании по двухзвенным ломаным траекториям с углами излома 90$^{\circ}$. Программы сложного деформирования реализовывались в девиаторной плоскости $Э_{1} -Э_{3}$ при одновременном комбинированном действии на образцы осевой силы и крутящего момента ((P-M)-опыты). Исследованы скалярные и векторные свойства алюминиевого сплава В95. Установлено, что при реализованных сложных траекториях в виде двухзвенных ломаных для материала В95 постулат изотропии по скалярным и векторным свойствам выполняется не слишком точно и требует дополнительной экспериментальной проверки.

The article discusses modern approaches to the procedures for awarding qualifications based on the results of formal, non-formal, and informal education. The article analyzes domestic and best foreign practices that have received recognition from the world educational community. Innovative tools for assessing qualifications are considered. In this regard, the experience of South Korea described in the article is interesting, using the Register of Academic Credit Units as the main tool for the recognition of qualifications. Similar systems are used in France and Denmark. In Germany, Norway and Japan, modern information and communication systems are being actively introduced to accumulate information about the qualifications of the adult population. In Italy, it is legally established that qualifications obtained through formal, non-formal, and informal means are equivalent. The experience of Italy is valuable in that the results of not only non-formal but also informal learning are taken into account during the qualification recognition procedure. The educational legislation of the Russian Federation makes it possible to take into account certain documented results of non-formal and informal learning obtained in the course of mastering additional education programs, including in relation to higher education programs. However, some learning outcomes can be difficult to recognize, especially if they are not documented. The article proposes a project model for the recognition of qualifications obtained in the course of non-formal and informal education, which could be considered as promising for the Russian Federation. ; В статье рассматриваются современные подходы к процедурам присвоения квалификаций по результатам неформального и информального образования. Анализируются лучшие зарубежные практики, получившие признание мирового образовательного сообщества. Рассматриваются инновационные инструменты оценки квалификаций. В этой связи интересен описанный в статье опыт Южной Кореи, использующей в качестве основного ...

As the conflict in the territory continues, getting to know more about likely trajectories has become a necessity.

A teacher of the XXI century must be a competent, dynamic, responsible and creative specialist, therefore the National Education project within the framework of the federal project Teacher of the Future (4.5) sets the task of introducing a national system of professional growth of teachers and implementing individual trajectories for the development of professional skills of teachers in accordance with their needs and conditions for the modernization of the general education system.

В настоящее время сфера туризма является системообразующей сферой экономики и совместно с сопряженными с ней секторами эффективно объединяет многие виды деятельности в целях глобального экономического развития. Согласно данным ЮНВТО, туризм формирует национальные конкурентные преимущества и составляет почти 11% мирового ВВП, вводит в оборот более 4 трлн долларов, а для ряда стран доходы от туристской отрасли составляют основу бюджета страны. В настоящее время развитие туризма происходит в условиях глубокого кризиса, связанного с пандемией и появлением новых штаммов COVID-19, а также с мерами внешнего санкционного давления, вызванного глобальными политическими процессами, что привело к необходимости пересмотра традиционных подходов относительно ведущих секторов туризма – въездного и выездного, и в частности международного. Международный туризм в значительной степени пострадал от коронавируса, поскольку резко сократился спрос на услуги, являющиеся крупнейшими источниками валютных поступлений. Проблематика исследования основывается на методических подходах, отражающих вопросы активной трансформации глобальных процессов мировой практики развития индустрии туризма и его важнейших секторов. В качестве ключевых факторов развития туризма рассматриваются технологические и цифровые трансформации. Научно обоснованы возможные траектории дальнейшего развития туризма – транзакционная и инфраструктурная. ; Currently, tourism is a backbone of the economy, and together with its associated sectors, it effectively combines many activities for global economic development. According to UNWTO data, tourism forms national competitive advantages and accounts for almost 11% of world GDP, introduces more than 4 trillion dollars into turnover, and for a number of countries, revenues from the tourism industry correspond to the basis in the country's budget. Currently, tourism is developing in the context of a deep crisis associated with the pandemic and the emergence of new strains of COVID-19, as well as with measures of external sanctions pressure caused by global political processes, which led to the need to revise traditional approaches to the leading tourism sectors – inbound and outbound, and in particular, international. International tourism has been largely affected by the coronavirus, as demand for services, the largest sources of foreign exchange earnings, has sharply decreased. The research problems are based on methodological approaches reflecting the issues of active transformation of global processes of world practice in the development of the tourism industry and its most important sectors. Technological and digital transformations are considered as key factors in the development of tourism. Possible trajectories of further tourism development are scientifically justified – transactional and infrastructural.