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Previous psychological research has pathologized transgendered people. Reconceptualizing gender from a postmodern perspective and theory and research from within the transgender community leads to a very different view of gender and transgender identities. However, the transgender community's thoughts on this reconstruction of gender has been mostly unexplored. Therefore, I engaged 17 male-born and one female-born members of southwestern Ontario's transgender community in a dialogue. We spoke about how they understand gender, came to know their transgenderness, and tell the story of their gender. Then, I analyzed the interviews using a four part coding strategy focused on direct responses to specific issues, common patterns and metaphors across participant accounts, different positions amongst all respondents, and the functions of these accounts. On the question of the nature of gender, participants were split between integrationist or social constructionist views of gender. Moreover, most participants agreed that society supports a dichotomous view of sex and gender, but the majority of this sample did not see their own gender this way. They stressed the complexity, diversity, and plurality of gender categories, transcending gender dichotomization by personalizing and individualizing gender expressions. In addition, most participants disrupted the standard sex/gender semiotic code: some agreed that gender signified sex, but privileged gender over sex and switched from one code system to another; others privileged sex over gender, but disrupted the assumptions of gender signifying sex or presented mixed signifiers. With respect to knowing their gender, participants came to know their transgenderedness through a variety of experiences: cross-dressing, explorations of their own sexuality, gendered positioning by others, and connecting with others in the transgendered community. Communication, information, and medical technologies also played a significant role in respondents' self-knowledge, but a majority of informants were critical of these technologies and the effects they have on transgender subjectivities. Most participants chose to identify as transgendered and not to edit their biography. Those who did change the story they told others did so mostly to ensure safe and respectful responses from others. Also, the majority of respondents' narratives were innovative in both form and content. Their life stories differed from other, more traditional, life stories. Moreover, most respondents saw the development of their gender identity as a life-long task. Their concerns for the future centered on developing relationships with others, political action and education, and optimism about the future of the transgender community. A discussion of these results suggests that informant positions on the nature of gender, knowing transgenderedness, and gender narratives serve previously unexplored personal, political, and moral functions. Moreover, I contend that in order to adequately respect transgender knowledges and subjectivities, psychologists must alter both their theories of gender and transgender identities and methods. To better respect the diversity of gender experiences in our society, psychologists must reconceptualize sex and gender. One of the more promising ways to re-examine the fundamental assumptions underlying traditional psychological gender theory and research is to actively involve people previously marginalized by sex and gender theory, such as those who identify as transgendered, in the research process.Dept. of Psychology. Paper copy at Leddy Library: Theses & Major Papers - Basement, West Bldg. / Call Number: Thesis1997 .H545. Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 59-08, Section: B, page: 4537. Adviser: Henry Minton. Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Windsor (Canada), 1997.

Feminist theory, in both its identity-based and its anti-essentialist versions, has denied the validity of transgendered people's experience. Rather, feminism needs to retheorize its understanding of identity in light of new insights offered by transgendered people's experience into the structural and systemic production of "liminal" or "boundary" conditions within political communities. ; La théorie féministe dans ses deux versions l'une basée sur l'identité et l'autre anti-essentialiste a rejeté la validité de l'expérience des transgendéristes. Le féminisme devrait plutôt remettre en théorie sa compréhension de l'identité en tenant compte de l'expérience des transgendéristes dans la production structurelle et systémique des conditions "limitrophes" ou "frontières" au sein des communautés politiques.

This report provides a comprehensive overview of the extent of anti-LGBT harassment and bias, its impact on students, policy interventions that support LGBT students and improve school climate, and the changing policy context that complicates these efforts. It includes an in-depth analysis of how the No Child Left Behind Act affects LGBT students. And it profiles eight young people who stood up to the abuse and discrimination so many LGBT young people live with on a daily basis; one payed the ultimate price, when she was killed in an anti gay attack. The report also articulates an agenda for future research and policy analysis. ; National Gay and Lesbian Task Force Policy Institute

This is the first of two articles on the law relating to transgender persons in Hong Kong. This article examines the current administrative and legal status of Hong Kong's transgender persons. It argues that, whilst various policies and practices adopted by the authorities undoubtedly facilitate the every day lives of certain transgender persons, the legal situation (which perpetually condemns them to their biological sex as designated at birth) is inhumane and should no longer be tolerated. The second article, Robyn Emerton, 'Time for Change: A Call for the Legal Recognition of Transsexual and Other Transgender Persons in Hong Kong', also intended for publication in the Hong Kong Law Journal, will consider how the current position could be challenged by way of judicial review under the Hong Kong Bill of Rights Ordinance, or, ideally, changed through legislative reform. ; published_or_final_version

This is the second of two articles the author the law relating persons in Hong Kong. The first article, which appeared Volume 34(2) (2004) of this journal, examined in detail the current administrative and legal status of Hong Kong's transgender persons. This article considers how the present, unsatisfactory situation could be challenged through the courts or changed legislative reform. First, the article examines the potential of judicial review proceedings under the Hong Kong Bill of Rights Ordinance and the Basic Law against the Hong Kong authorities' refusal to allow transgender persons to marry in their chosen gender or to amend their birth certificates. This section draws heavily on international and comparative case law, and in particular the landmark decisions of the European Court of Human Rights in Goodwin v United Kingdom and I v United Kingdom (2002) .Concluding that there is a strong case to be argued under the right to marry, but that litigation is unlikely provide a comprehensive solution to the problems faced by Hong Kong's transgender persons, the article then calls for full legal recognition to be granted to them through legislative means, and considers which of several models (focusing on Singapore, Japan and the United Kingdom) might suitable for Hong Kong. ; published_or_final_version

Wendy Chapkis was an undergraduate at UCSC from 1973 to 1977, a graduate student in sociology from 1985 to 1995, and lecturer in women's studies, politics and other departments. She was a co-founder of the Bulkhead Gallery, and is a queer activist and writer. Her book Beauty Secrets: Women and the Politics of Appearance was published by South End Press in 1986, and Live Sex Acts: Women Performing Erotic Labor by Routledge in 1997. She is currently a professor of women's studies at the University of Southern Maine.

David Thomas was interviewed on November 8, 2001 at the Regional History office in McHenry Library. Thomas was a professor of politics at UCSC from 1966 to 1999. He taught Sexual Politics: Gay Politics , the first regular gay course taught by a faculty member at UCSC, and one of the first in the United States.

John Laird came to UCSC in 1968, and graduated in 1972. In 1983, Laird was elected mayor of Santa Cruz, and became the first openly gay mayor in the United States. He was also a founding member of the Santa Cruz AIDS Project (SCAP). In 2002, Laird was elected to the California State Legislature as one of two of the first openly gay men to be elected to the Assembly. Laird was interviewed on September 13, 2001 in his office at the Santa Cruz County building. The timing of this interview was significant because it took place two days after the attacks on the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001.

Audre Lorde, who named herself black, feminist, lesbian, mother, poet, and activist, was a pioneer for black lesbians everywhere. In her poetry and prose, Lorde challenged the myths and taboos associated with black women, lesbians, and feminists. Although her work focused on a broad range of topics that illuminated her many identities, she concentrated most heavily on issues of multiple oppression and its resulting fear and silence. In naming herself, Lorde urged others to do the same — to fight the self-imposed and socially-imposed silence surrounding triple oppression. Countless women from the black community of writers have paid tribute to Lorde, both before and after her death, for aiding them in breaking the internal and external silences that stem from multiple oppression. Lorde has spoken to and incited many women from various backgrounds; however, her influence has extended most readily to the black lesbian community. Lorde's far-reaching impact is illustrated in the works of black lesbians Jewelle Gomez, Cheryl Clarke, and Kate Rushin. Inspired by Lorde's life and work, these women challenge through their poetry and prose the conflicts associated with triple oppression. Although the style of writing that Gomez, Clarke, and Rushin employ is quite different from both that of Lorde's and each other's, the images and issues that they present are very similar. In her work, Jewelle Gomez tackles issues of multiple identities and both the threat and liberation of self-exposure. Cheryl Clarke, who echoes Lorde's message that speech is a powerful tool for liberation, follows Lorde in speaking about and reclaiming the lesbian erotic as a positive, life-giving force. And finally, Kate Rushin, while focusing on the conflicts of triple oppression, writes of the importance of community as a necessary means of support and validation. In "Clearing a space for us," Rushin acknowledges the black lesbian community that Lorde has established for all black lesbians: "Audre made a space, cleared a space for us that has never existed before . especially, she made a space for Black lesbians, a space that has never existed in the history of the world . We've been blessed to have her imprint on our lives" (88). As evidenced by both their personal and political writing, Gomez, Clarke, and Rushin pay homage to Lorde for breaking ground for them, and thereby allowing them to embrace visibility and resist silence. In Gomez's, Clarke's, and Rushin's poetry and essays, the effects of Lorde's words and teaching can be seen and heard through their personal, emotional, and political exhalations. Even though Lorde has died, her words continue to live in these women's voices.

Governor Angus King signed a gay- and lesbian-inclusive non-discrimination bill as a roomful of legislators and activists looked on. Image description: Senator Dale McCormick (right dark suit) is applauded. In 1984 Dale helped found, and was the first President of, the Maine Lesbian/Gay Political Alliance, which advocated statewide for civil rights and better treatment for lesbian, gay, bi, transgender, and questioning people. ; https://digitalcommons.usm.maine.edu/annette_dragon/1088/thumbnail.jpg

This research employs qualitative methodology to analyze social change in business news articles of The New York Times. A random sample of 127 articles published between 1970 and 2000, discussing advertising news and containing one or more of the terms "Gay", "Lesbian", " Bisexual", "Transexual", "Transgendered" and "Queer" (GLBTQ), were selected. Feminist, Marxist, Postmodern, and critical theory is used to analyze social representation, cultural norms, stereotypes and levels of visibility. The "meta-theoretical" lens applied is a gendered postmodernism grounded in stratification theory that assuages the cultural-based critique of Marxism, overcomes the essentialist limitations of radical feminism, incorporates the pluralism of socialist feminism and delimits the relativist tendencies of a purer postmodernism. Quantitatively, gay men were found to achieve twice as much business news coverage as lesbians. Bisexuals, transsexuals, transgenders and queers were highly invisible. Overall, a change in the representation and depiction of corporate interest in gays and lesbians was manifested. This socio-historical analysis revealed a shift from deviantization and stigmatization of homosexuality to the commodification, and spectacularization of GLBTQs. GLBTQ invisibility is documented and the misconception of gay and lesbian wealth, created by market research, is addressed. Invisibility of GLBTQs is posited to be both an intentional and actively managed form of politics. Furthermore, business news reporting is argued to be less "objective" and more a political, social cultural and political activity where the media itself is a stage for the cultural contestation of social norms. This sociologically informed reading of business news articles details numerous case-specific instances where The New York Times contributed towards the proliferation of norms, values and beliefs characterizing GLBTQs. The New York Times is argued to be a contributor towards the creation of sexuality as a cultural product. Its representations of GLBTQs are seen as one manifestation of an institutionally created understanding of the "culture of homosexuality". ; Ph. D.

Approximately half of the states in the United States of America have statutes recognising the reality of transsexualism. US Attorney and transgender legal historian, Katrina Rose, examines one of the earliest of these, revealing that Louisiana legislators in 1968 clearly understood the difference between gay marriages, and heterosexual marriages in which one spouse is transsexual. Rose also suggests that adoption of such a statute should be viewed expansively, with positive ramifications throughout the state' s body of law. Additionally, she offers a scathing critique of the hypocrisy which has long permeated the American gay rights movement's willingness to minimise transgender issues and to avoid treating transsexuals as equals. It is argued that this is no longer mere political polemic as the growing number of sweeping anti-gay constitutional amendments has transformed the history of transgendered people having no voice in the gay-marriage-dominated gay agenda into an essential element of transsexuals' defence where legislative intent of such amendments are an issue in matters involving transsexuals.

Based on over six years of fieldwork, Sandra L. Faiman-Silva's The Courage to Connect traces the transformation of the well-known Cape Cod community of Provincetown from its nineteenth century origins a Portuguese fishing town to its present status as a welcoming, sexually diverse tourist enclave. This book critically examines the history of the Portuguese ethnic community and the local economy, as well as the nature of intersections between gay and straight culture in areas such as public education, local government, and the police. Using queer and critical culture theory to deconstruct day-to-day local encounters, it lays bare the roots of social conflicts and how they can be resolved. Capturing the pathos and joy of a community that has struggled to accommodate radical social changes, The Courage to Connect serves as a model for understanding how communities can construct themselves to overcome their differences. ; https://vc.bridgew.edu/fac_books/1054/thumbnail.jpg

This collection addresses the phenomenon of lesbian/gay studies in education from a variety of political and pedagogical perspectives. Section one offers perspectives from college and high school educators and reflects on classroom dynamics, lesson plans and strategies. Section two covers educational politics outside the classroom and addresses questions of job security, professional history and academic guidance. These issues are placed in the context of disciplinary boundaries, tackling the questions raised by lesbian studies and notions of multiculturalism. ; https://scholarcommons.scu.edu/faculty_books/1333/thumbnail.jpg

Governor Angus King signed a gay- and lesbian-inclusive non-discrimination bill as a roomful of legislators and activists looked on. Image description: Governor King (bottom left) speaks to the press about LD1 116. ; https://digitalcommons.usm.maine.edu/annette_dragon/1086/thumbnail.jpg