Despite being married to a U.S. citizen, non-citizen transgender individuals and non-citizen spouses married to transgender U.S. citizens still face deportation today due to current immigration policies. When forced to return to their home countries, transgender individuals are likely to encounter violence from those who perpetuate hate towards transgender and gender non-conforming individuals. Instead of protecting these individuals, the United States continues to send people back to their native countries solely because those individuals do not fall within the narrowly constructed definition of marriage some states use that is legally recognized by federal courts. Transgender individuals receive disparate treatment as a direct result of This Comment argues that such inconsistent treatment is unfair and, more importantly, unconstitutional. This Comment also evaluates the inequities and inconsistencies that stem from the In re Lovo-Lara decision, the equal protections afforded by the U.S. Constitution, and the recent court of appeals trend that has deemed the Defense of Marriage Act unconstitutional altogether.
An estimated 150,000 transgender individuals have served in the U.S. armed forces, or are currently on active duty. In addition, an estimated 134,000 transgender individuals are veterans or are retired from Guard or Reserve service, 8,800 transgender adults are currently on active duty in the U.S. armed forces, and an estimated 6,700 transgender individuals are serving in the Guard or Reserve forces. Transgender individuals assigned female at birth are nearly three times more likely than all adult women, and those assigned male at birth are 1.6 times more likely than all adult men, to serve. The estimates are derived using data from the US Census Bureau's American Community Survey and the National Transgender Discrimination Survey, which was conducted by the National Gay and Lesbian Task Force and the National Center for Transgender Equality.
ABSTRACT:Transgendered individuals are defined by having a gender identity different from their birth gender. These individuals form a prevalent distinct group within the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transsexual (LGBT) community that has specific health needs. The goal of the current work is to identify the health needs affecting transgendered individuals in order to guide potential health interventions to ameliorate their well-being. Transgendered individuals often experience elevated rates of social stigma, discrimination and prejudice, which can alienate them from other members of society including family members and health care professionals. This can have negative effects on their employment and socioeconomic status and may even render them targets of hate crimes. The combination of these factors can have significant ill effects on the physical and mental health of transgendered individuals. For example, high rates of depression and anxiety are observed within this population with a reported suicide attempt rate of over 30%. Transgendered individuals are also at high risk of being infected with HIV, with those having undergone the transition from male to female (MTF) being most affected. Although Canada is ahead of the curve in equal rights pertaining to the LGBT community compared to many countries worldwide that still have anti-homosexual legislation, there still exists a considerable amount of stigma around the transgendered community. There is a need to educate the population at large to combat social stigma in order to reduce discrimination, increase social support, improve access to health services and ultimately improve the physical and mental wellbeing of transgendered people.RÉSUMÉ:Les personnes transgenres sont définies comme ayant une identité de genre différente de leur sexe de naissance. Ces personnes forment un groupe distinct au sein de la communauté des lesbiennes, gais, bisexuels et transsexuels (LGBT), ayant des besoins de santé spécifiques. Le but du travail actuel est d'identifier les besoins de santé touchant les personnes transgenres afin de guider les interventions de santé potentielles pour améliorer leur bien-être. Les personnes transgenres éprouvent souvent des taux élevés de stigmatisation sociale, de discrimination et de préjugés, ce qui peut les aliéner des autres membres de la société y compris les membres de leur famille et des professionnels de soins de santé. Cela peut avoir des effets négatifs sur leur emploi et leur statut socioéconomique et peut même les rendre cibles de crimes haineux. La combinaison de ces facteurs peut avoir des effets néfastes importants sur la santé physique et mentale des personnes transgenres. Par exemple, des taux élevés de dépression et d'anxiété sont observés dans cette population avec un taux de tentative de suicide déclaré de plus de 30%. Les personnes transgenres sont également à risque élevé d'être infectées par le VIH, celles ayant subi la transition d'homme à femme (MTF) étant les plus touchés. Bien que le Canada soit en avance dans l'égalité des droits se rapportant à la communauté LGBT par rapport à de nombreux pays à travers le monde, il existe encore une quantité considérable de stigmatisation qui entoure la communauté transgenre. Il est nécessaire d'éduquer la population dans son ensemble à lutter contre la stigmatisation sociale afin de réduire la discrimination, d'accroître le soutien social, d'améliorer l'accès aux services de santé et, finalement, d'améliorer le bien-être physique et mental des personnes transgenres.
This report presents a Model of Admissions Policy for Womens Colleges On Transgender Students. This policy addresses the best practices for womens colleges and universities regarding admissions, enrollment, policy implementation, education, and safety. ; Trans Student Educational Resources
This interdisciplinary text examines the lack of transgender inclusion in Western classical music, especially through the lens of opera. By looking at the dearth of transgender characters, singers, and composers, as well as the author's personal experiences as a transgender singer in classical spaces, this project develops a strong position on ways that Western classical music should work to incorporate transgender voices, both literally and figuratively. Some of these methods are modeled in this thesis, such as consultations with other transgender artists, transgeneric devising, and trans-centric composing. The author worked with local transgender singers to understand their views on opera, and from those sessions composed three arias for transgender voices, which are presented here. These arias are embedded self-reflexively in a performative document that embraces several different writing contexts, such as epic poetry, diaries, Socratic dialogues, legislation, and course writing.
Transgender people face an uncertain legal climate, and efforts to include gender identity in policies have been met with both successes and failures. These policies are often developed in the legislative process, which directly involve public opinion. To date, there is only one study analyzing American public attitudes toward transgender people. This research gap makes it unclear whether people in general understand what transgender means and whether public support for transgender rights depends on understanding and knowing transgender people. Since the population of transgender people is estimated to be smaller than that of lesbian, gay, and bisexual people, examining whether and how having a friend or family member who is lesbian or gay relates to transgender rights is important to understand political coalitions and attitude change. This study examines public attitudes about transgender rights in the USA. It finds that as respondents report being more informed about transgender people they tend to have more supportive attitudes. Interpersonal contact with someone who is lesbian or gay also leads to a secondary transfer of positive attitudes. About half of the secondary transfer effect operates through a mechanism of attitude generalization: contact positively affects the opinions people have on gay rights that then broaden to affect attitudes on transgender rights. Demographic characteristics also indicate that predictors of transgender attitudes are similar to previous studies regarding attitudes toward lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals. Further survey efforts need to consider inquiring about transgender rights and attitudes, as this remains a research gap in need of scholarly understanding.
We offer a theoretical framework to advance our understanding of the psychology of transgender service members—the most understudied and mysterious class of US military personnel. Using grounded theory methods with interview data collected from clandestinely-serving active-duty, guard and reserve military members from the US Army, Navy, Air Force and Marine Corps who self-identified as transgender or transsexual, we reveal a latent structure of Self Determination Theory (Deci & Ryan, 1985; Deci & Ryan, 2000; Ryan & Deci, 2000). The variance in our data heavily centers around the concepts of autonomy, competence and relatedness, illustrating how post-DADT military personnel policy, which excludes open transgender service, impacts the mental well-being of transgender service members.
This research paper looks at social adjustment of transgender of Pakistan and how they are survives in this society. In Pakistan transgender are a marginalized group and are commonly associated with dancing, prostitution and begging. This research looks at five dimensions of transgender, psychological, social, political, religious, and their individual adjustment. Based on fieldwork conducted in Pakistan the main factors influencing of the transgender are age, education, family structure and family members. One of the main features of the lives of many transgender is membership in a transgender community, which this research shows can have both positive and negative effects on society. The present study was designed to explore the social adjustment of transgender in district Chiniot. For the purpose of the study existing literature on the topics was thoroughly reviewed. A sample of 120 respondents was taken equally (40 from each) three randomly selected localities Towns, Villages and Mahallas. Questionnaire was prepared in the light of research objectives for data collection. Suitability of the questionnaire was examined through its pretesting on the twenty respondents Interviewing with questionnaire schedule was use as a tool to collected data. SPSS (statically package for social sciences) was used for data analysis. Statistical analysis Chi-Square secure test was taken to check the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. DOI:10.5901/ajis.2014.v3n1p61
This ethnography is situated in transgender and hijra communities primarily within and surrounding the Mumbai and Lucknow metropolitan areas of India. This study of contemporary and current trans-hijra music and dance practices follows three primary guiding questions: (1) In what ways do individual musical talent and versatility contribute to representations of (the transitioning) self?; (2) In what ways are these representations tied to the hijra gharānā (household, literally 'of the house'), socialization and izzat ('respect'; see Reddy 2005), and other organizational motifs in hijra culture?; and (3) How are these representations tied to the emergence of LGBTIQ pehchān ('identity') politics, and (changing) conceptions of gender and sexuality in a larger societal scale? Owing to my own frame of reference, and to the complex dynamics of desire permeating issues of identity in trans-hijra cultures, this dissertation employs a queer approach to documentary filmmaking as a research method. Accordingly, I investigate how queer (American) perspectives and ethnographic methodologies are tied to the creation and/or contestation of trans-hijra pehchān, as well as (the creation of) the field itself. As part of a larger effort to expound on what I call "queer ethnomusicological filmmaking," I argue that queerly documenting trans-hijra performance participates in and alongside the (con)figuration of trans-hijra pehchān by performatively engaging in key identity-forming processes, amplifying voices on a global LGBTIQ platform, and reconstituting preexisting tropes of the hijra through a lens of transgender respectability, talent, and professionalism. While some scholars have investigated hijras, little English-language scholarship exists on the music and dance practices of these communities. This dissertation represents an effort to fill this void, building partly upon the survey work of Nazir Ali Jairazbhoy (1988 [1963]) and Anna Morcom (2013), and contributing new visual ethnomusicological material alongside the ethnographic works of Gayatri Reddy (2005), among others. The timeliness of this research is also supported by the April 2014 recognition of the "Third Gender" community by the Indian Supreme Court, a bill that was introduced by a project participant, Laxmi Narayan Tripathi. In exploring the connections between hijra music and identity, this dissertation represents and engages with current discourses surrounding issues of gender, sexuality, and identity in India's emerging LGBTIQ landscape.
This article addresses the issue of how the development of International Human Rights Law and other legal systems of states often times undermines the acceptance of sexual orientation and gender identity that ultimately impacts on how minimum are the protection toward lesbians, gays, bisexuals, and transgenders. More concretely, this article tries to explain this issue by using international human rights law instruments such as International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, and other regional human rights convention such as European Convention on Human Rights and Inter-American Convention on Human Rights. Moreover, on the basis of comparison this article also uses various judicial decisions of several human rights judicial bodies such as the European Court of Human Rights and Inter-American Court of Human Rights and also judgments of several states' Supreme Court on cases regarding the rights of LGBT where states, in their legal and religious discourses, whether directly or indirectly, often put the LGBT people as their subject of discrimination, torture and other ill-treatment, arbitrary detention, and were not granted civil liberties such as freedom of expression and freedom of association. When emphasizing substantial differences among current states' policies and the international human rights law, this article also shows the current tendencies of states to include the LGBT people on rights that were once forbidden for the LGBT people to obtain, such as the right to adopt, right to have same-sex marriage, and right to change their biological sex by the use of medical examinations, and so on. Keywords: LGBT, homosexuality, human rights, ICCPR ABSTRAK Artikel skripsi ini membahas mengenai bagaimana perkembangan hukum hak asasi manusia (HAM) internasional dan sistem hukum di banyak Negara seringkali tidak sejalan dalam hal penerimaan orientasi seksual dan identitas gender yang pada akhirnya berdampak pada minimnya perlindungan terhadap kaum Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, dan Transgender. Dalam artikel ini selanjutnya menggunakan instrumen-instrumen hukum HAM internasional seperti International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, dan berbagai konvensi HAM regional seperti European Convention on Human Rights dan Inter-American Convention on Human Rights. Selain itu, digunakan pula putusan peradilan dari beberapa badan peradilan HAM seperti European Court of Human Rights, Inter-American Court of Human Rights dan putusan dari Mahkamah Agung berbagai Negara sebagai perbandingan praktek-praktek hukum dan tradisi agama dalam suatu Negara, baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung yang meletakkan kaum LGBT sebagai korban diskriminasi, penyiksaan dan perbuatan kejam lainnya, ditahan secara sewenang-wenang, dan tidak diberikan kebebasan dalam menyatakan pendapat dan kebebasan berkumpul atau berorganisasi. Seraya menekankan perbedaan antar satu Negara dengan Negara lain dalam praktek diskriminasi maupun gagalnya perlindungan hak-hak lain terhadap kaum LGBT, artikel ini juga membahas perkembangan akhir-akhir ini dimana gerakan perlindungan hak kaum LGBT mulai dicanangkan dan berdampak pada beberapa Negara mulai menyertakan kaum LGBT dalam pemberian dan perlindungan hak yang mulanya dilarang seperti hak untuk mengadopsi anak, untuk melangsungkan pernikahan sesama jenis, mengubah jenis kelamin melalui proses medis, dan lain sebagainya. Kata kunci: LGBT, homoseksual, Hak Asasi Manusia, ICCPR
Prisons regulate identities and what rights get recognized and protected in a prison setting. Gender is a core element of identity that is policed by the prison system and by the law that governs prisons. Focusing on developments within Canadian transgender jurisprudence, this paper explores how prisoners' bodies that do not conform to a strict gender binary are defined as inhuman. By critically assessing the prison system and prison policy, this essay demonstrates how Canadian law has often failed to address the needs and lived experiences of transgender women in their interactions with the penal system. As case law demonstrates, the rights of cisgender women—that is, women whose gender and anatomy have aligned since birth—tend to trump the rights of transgender women. Implicit in this tendency is a judgment as to whom the law will recognize as 'real.' This paper challenges the logic of protecting women deemed authentic when such protection comes at the expense of transgender women. To that end, the pivotal cases of Kavanagh v Canada (Attorney General) and Forrester v Peel (Regional Municipality) Police Services Board are examined. These cases show how the law's reliance on genitals as the primary signifier of gender contributes to the dehumanization of the transgender subject in a prison setting. In order to query this logic of genitocentrism, this paper also examines developments in transgender jurisprudence outside the prison context. It concludes with an analysis of XY v Ontario (Minister of Government and Consumer Services) in order to track the movement of Canadian law away from a transphobia that allows body parts to speak for individuals.
Developments in Australian law over the last 40 years have allowed transgender persons a greater level of autonomy when it comes to establishing their legal gender. The shift in some jurisdictions from employing a strict biologically-based test for determining gender identity to adopting a multifactorial approach based on a broad range of relevant factors has enabled a greater number of individuals to gain legal recognition of their preferred gender. This article traces the development of a gender identification test at common law. It explores Australian federal and state legislative schemes and draws attention to the inconsistencies between jurisdictions. It also highlights the impact that these statutory variations may have upon transgender individuals. Parts I, II and III discuss the current approach to regulating gender identity at common law and via legislation. Part IV discusses the impact of these laws on transgender people and highlights the need for all Australian jurisdictions to adopt a uniform approach to gender identification.
Transgender people—people whose gender identity or expression is different from their assigned sex at birth—and their allies advocate for the inclusion of gender identity or transgender in state non-discrimination policies. These policies generally proscribe discrimination in employment, housing, and public accommodations. Courts and administrative agencies have determined discrimination against transgender people is a violation of existing statutes, but there remain efforts by advocates to seek policies that explicitly prohibit discrimination on the basis of transgender status, which are often the result of legislation going through the political process. A pluralist understanding of the political process theorizes that a majority coalition of minorities can offer social groups policies they support. This rests on the presumption that a majority coalition of minorities should rule. Any indication to the contrary may suggest a democratic deficit, whereby more than a majority is necessary for policy introduction. We find that there is a substantial democratic deficit regarding the inclusion of gender identity or transgender in employment non-discrimination policies. On average, state support for the policy must be 81% in order for the state to have a policy reflecting such sentiment. This leaves substantial implications for the political powerlessness of transgender people in the political process.
In: Walters , M & Paterson , J 2015 , Submission to Inquiry on Transgender Equality: transphobic hate crime and perceptions of the criminal justice system . University of Sussex .
This report is based on findings from The Sussex Hate Crime Project (SHCP) currently being undertaken at the University of Sussex on the direct and indirect impacts of anti-LGBT 1 hate crimes . This three year research project is funded by the Leverhulme Trust and is led by Professor Rupert Brown (School of Psychology) and Dr Mark Walters (School of Law). This report will focus on the extent and nature of transphobic hate crime and the effects that this type of crime has on trans* 2 people's attitudes towar ds criminal justice agencies and, more broadly the government, in relation to hate crime. The information presented here is a summary of some of the findings of the SHCP . All data presented in the report is original and is yet to be officially published. We hope to publish full details of our findings in 2016.
AbstractThis article explores the recent surge in television representations of transgender children. In particular, it analyzes episodes of The Tyra Show, Anderson, 20/20, Dr. Phil, and The Passionate Eye, arguing that these shows exploit the cultural symbolism of childhood to defuse the political challenge posed by trans subjectivity.RésuméCet article explore l'augmentation récente de représentations d'enfants transgenres à la télévision. Plus particulièrement, il analyse des épisodes des émissions The Tyra Show, Anderson, 20/20, Dr. Phil et The Passionate Eye, faisant valoir que ces émissions exploitent le symbolisme culturel de l'enfance pour neutraliser le défi politique posé par la transsubjectivité.
