Suchergebnisse

International audience ; Political and social violence can have destructive effects not only on individual subjects but also on their descendants. How can one construct oneself in the presence of a silent traumatic heritage? Can such trauma be symbolized and translated, and if so, how can this be accomplished? The study of the life path of Janine Altounian, the author of several works on the effect of violence transmitted across the generations, and herself a descendant of parents who escaped the Armenian genocide, shows us a subjective attempt to translate one such traumatic heritage. More generally, clinical work with refugees allows us to think about the use of translation in the cases of individuals whose subjective foundations have been severely damaged by the trials of the real. ; Les violences politiques et sociales ont le pouvoir d'engendrer des effets destructeurs sur le sujet mais, au-delà, sur sa descendance. Comment peut-on se construire lorsqu'on hérite de silences traumatiques ? Existe-t-il des possibilités de symbolisation et de traductions de ces traumatismes ? Et si oui, de quelle manière peuvent-elles s'instaurer ? L'étude de la trajectoire de Janine Altounian, auteur de plusieurs ouvrages sur les effets de ces violences transmises entre générations et elle-même descendante de parents rescapés du génocide arménien, rend compte des tentatives subjectives de traduction d'un héritage traumatique. Plus généralement, la clinique des réfugiés permettra d'envisager le déploiement de la traduction, à l'œuvre chez ceux dont les assises subjectives ont été profondément mises à mal par l'épreuve du réel.

International audience ; Political and social violence can have destructive effects not only on individual subjects but also on their descendants. How can one construct oneself in the presence of a silent traumatic heritage? Can such trauma be symbolized and translated, and if so, how can this be accomplished? The study of the life path of Janine Altounian, the author of several works on the effect of violence transmitted across the generations, and herself a descendant of parents who escaped the Armenian genocide, shows us a subjective attempt to translate one such traumatic heritage. More generally, clinical work with refugees allows us to think about the use of translation in the cases of individuals whose subjective foundations have been severely damaged by the trials of the real. ; Les violences politiques et sociales ont le pouvoir d'engendrer des effets destructeurs sur le sujet mais, au-delà, sur sa descendance. Comment peut-on se construire lorsqu'on hérite de silences traumatiques ? Existe-t-il des possibilités de symbolisation et de traductions de ces traumatismes ? Et si oui, de quelle manière peuvent-elles s'instaurer ? L'étude de la trajectoire de Janine Altounian, auteur de plusieurs ouvrages sur les effets de ces violences transmises entre générations et elle-même descendante de parents rescapés du génocide arménien, rend compte des tentatives subjectives de traduction d'un héritage traumatique. Plus généralement, la clinique des réfugiés permettra d'envisager le déploiement de la traduction, à l'œuvre chez ceux dont les assises subjectives ont été profondément mises à mal par l'épreuve du réel.

Résumé. — Nous caractérisons les deux groupes de translations opérant sur les éléments d'un groupe abstrait.

Although machine translation research achieved big progress for several years, the output of an automated system cannot be published without prior revision by human annotators. Based on this fact, we wanted to exploit the user feedbacks from the review process in order to incrementally adapt our statistical system over time.As part of this thesis, we are therefore interested in the post-editing, one of the most active fields of research, and what is more widely used in the translation and localization industry.However, the integration of user feedbacks is not an obvious task. On the one hand, we must be able to identify the information that will be useful for the system, among all changes made by the user. To address this problem, we introduced a new concept (the "Post-Editing Actions"), and proposed an analysis methodology for automatic identification of this information from post-edited data. On the other hand, for the continuous integration of user feedbacks, we havedeveloped an algorithm for incremental adaptation of a statistical machine translation system, which gets higher performance than the standard procedure. This is even more interesting as both development and optimization of this type of translation system has a very computational cost, sometimes requiring several days of computing.Conducted jointly with SYSTRAN and LIUM, the research work of this thesis is part of the French Government Research Agency project COSMAT 2. This project aimed to provide a collaborative machine translation service for scientific content to the scientific community. The collaborative aspect of this service with the possibility for users to review the translations givesan application framework for our research. ; Bien que la recherche ait fait progresser la traduction automatique depuis plusieurs années, la sortie d'un système automatisé ne peut être généralement publiée sans avoir été révisée humainement au préalable, et corrigée le cas échéant. Forts de ce constat, nous avons voulu exploiter ces retours utilisateurs ...

Although machine translation research achieved big progress for several years, the output of an automated system cannot be published without prior revision by human annotators. Based on this fact, we wanted to exploit the user feedbacks from the review process in order to incrementally adapt our statistical system over time.As part of this thesis, we are therefore interested in the post-editing, one of the most active fields of research, and what is more widely used in the translation and localization industry.However, the integration of user feedbacks is not an obvious task. On the one hand, we must be able to identify the information that will be useful for the system, among all changes made by the user. To address this problem, we introduced a new concept (the "Post-Editing Actions"), and proposed an analysis methodology for automatic identification of this information from post-edited data. On the other hand, for the continuous integration of user feedbacks, we havedeveloped an algorithm for incremental adaptation of a statistical machine translation system, which gets higher performance than the standard procedure. This is even more interesting as both development and optimization of this type of translation system has a very computational cost, sometimes requiring several days of computing.Conducted jointly with SYSTRAN and LIUM, the research work of this thesis is part of the French Government Research Agency project COSMAT 2. This project aimed to provide a collaborative machine translation service for scientific content to the scientific community. The collaborative aspect of this service with the possibility for users to review the translations givesan application framework for our research. ; Bien que la recherche ait fait progresser la traduction automatique depuis plusieurs années, la sortie d'un système automatisé ne peut être généralement publiée sans avoir été révisée humainement au préalable, et corrigée le cas échéant. Forts de ce constat, nous avons voulu exploiter ces retours utilisateurs ...

In New Zealand, the funding of higher education research has been influenced by revised policy-driven imperatives. Amidst the institutional reactions to newer criteria for governmental funding, individual academics are being asked to increase their productivity in order for their employing institution to access public funding. For this to occur, these three essential stakeholders, namely the government, the institution and the individual academic, need to have a reasonable understanding of one another's core research objectives, and reasonable alignment of the strategies they employ to achieve them. This alignment of effort is not without challenges, for inevitably ambiguity occurs when interactions are not effectively dovetailed and clearly communicated. In addition, individual academics may perceive a lack of support within an environment of increased pressure to perform. Ambivalence as one form of disengagement may result as staff resort to behaviours that contest institutional powers over their changing roles and responsibilities. We contend that in order to address these challenges, there needs to be further reflection on how the efforts of all parties can be better aligned and collaboratively integrated. While our point of reference for this paper is New Zealand, similar issues are evident in higher education institutions internationally and so strategies for overcoming them can be applicable across varied contexts.

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction -- The Four Oldest Latin Quotations of the Qur'an: Eighth/Ninth-Century al-Andalus -- On the Genesis and Formation of the Corpus Cluniacense -- Dixit apostoli. The Word-by-word Principle in Latin Translations of the Qur'an -- Translating from Arabic to Latin in the Twelfth Century: The Examples of Two Englishmen, Robert of Ketton and Adelard of Bath -- Corrections to Robert of Ketton's Translation of the Qur'an in MS Paris Bibliothèque de l'Arsenal 1162 -- Robert de Ketton, traditore: Manifestations of anti-Islamic Radicalism in the First Latin Translation of the Qur'an -- Translatological Remarks on Rendering the Qur'an into Latin (Robert of Ketton, Mark of Toledo and Egidio da Viterbo): Purposes, Theory, and Techniques -- The Contribution of the Speculum historiale to the History of the Latin Risālat al-Kindī and the Corpus Cluniacense -- Context and the Use of Quotes from Robert of Ketton's Translation of the Qur'an in the Itinerarium Symonis Semeonis -- Interpretatio iuxta traditionem: The Transmission of Latin Anti-Islamic Texts -- Qur'an at the Council. Manuscripts and Use of the Ketton Translation of the Qur'an at the Council of Basel (1431–1449) -- An Indirect Usage of the Qur'an in the XVth century. Jean Germain's Débat du chrétien et du sarrasin -- The Extracta ex Alcorano and Giacomo della Marca's Glosses in MS Falconara 3 -- The Glosses on Mark of Toledo's Alchoranus Latinus -- Dhul-Qarnayn, The One of the Two Horns, in the Latin Glosses to the Qur'an -- Qur'an Quotations in the Liber de Doctrina Mahumet -- Using Muslim Exegesis in Europe in the 12th and 18th Centuries: A Comparative Study of Robert of Ketton's and George Sale's Approaches -- Riccoldo da Monte di Croce and the Origins of the Qur'an as a Deviation from Christian Salvation History -- Riccoldo the Florentine's Reprobacion del Alcoran: A Manual for Preaching to the 'Moors' -- Sicut Euangelia sunt quatuor, distribuerunt continentiam eius in quatuor libros: On the Division of Iberian Qur'ans and Their Translations into Four Parts -- The Bellús Qur'an, Martín García, and Martín de Figuerola: The Study of the Qur'an and Its Use in the Sermones de la Fe and the Disputes with Muslims in the Crown of Aragon in the Sixteenth Century -- Conclusion: Robert of Ketton's Translation and its Legacy -- List of Contributors -- Index of Manuscript -- Index

Political and Cultural "Translations": French Exiles and England : Political exile has above all aroused the interest of historians of the international labour movement and of emigration: This article proposes to adopt, alongside these - viewpoints, the approach of cultural and political transfer. These phenomena are analysed through the writings of both unknown and famous exiles, their encounter with the other and the complex stakes involved in linguistic skills. This approach also seeks to stand out by the number of tools it has borrowed from the social sciences. It is an attempt to think about the segmentation of fields of analysis and their constraints, while at the same time preserving each viewpoint.

2. Dalam ruangan Indonesian Translation Service Bulletin, Njonja Molly Bondan memberikan pandangan Indonesia mengenai kedudukan Selat Malaka jang resmi, beberapa aspek tentang investasi asing Indonesia dewasa ini dan beberapa pandangan umum tentang Islam di Indonesia sekarang.