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THIS ARTICLE FOCUSES ON INTERNATIONAL CONNECTIONS BETWEEN TERRORISTS AS NON-STATE ACTORS. AFTER REVIEWING, FROM A U.S. GOVERNMENT PERSPECTIVE, TERRORISM AS AN INSTRUMENT OF FOREIGN POLICY, IT GOES ON TO IDENTIFY A CONTINUUM OF "FIVE DEGREES" OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TERRORIST ORGANIZATIONS AND THEIR SPONSORS: MURDER OF DISSIDENTS, RECRUITMENT AND TRAINING OF OPERATIONS FOR OVERSEAS MISSIONS, CONTROL OF TERRORIST GROUPS AND THEIR DIRECTION, PROVISION AND TRAINING AND FINANCIAL SUPPORT, AND IDENTIFICATION OF A GOVERNMENT'S INTERESTS WITH THOSE OF A TERRORIST GROUP. THE SIGNIFICANCE OF EFFORTS TO EXPORT REVOLUTION AS A FACTOR IN INSTIGATING TERRORIST VIOLENCE IS ALSO NOTED. THE PAPER NOTES THAT THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN STATES AND TERRORIST GROUPS MAY NOT ALWAYS CLEARLY FALL WITHIN TRANSNATIONAL OR TRANSGOVERNMENTAL RELATIONSHIPS. THE SIGNIFICANCE OF DRAWING CRITICAL DISTINCTIONS BETWEEN THE RELATIONSHIPS OF MOVEMENTS AND THOSE WHO ASSIST THEM IS DISCUSSED FOR BOTH ACADEMICS AND POLICY-MAKERS.

Der Autor untersucht die Einflussnahme amerikanischer Juden auf die bilateralen Beziehungen zwischen den USA und Israel während der Suezkrise von 1956-57. Er geht im besonderen auf zwei Gruppen ein: das American Jewish Committee (AJC) und prominente Einzelpersonen, wie Rabbi Abba Hillel Silver, Rabbi Israel Goldstein und David Sarnoff. Wie der Autor darlegt, gelang es der "zionistischen Lobby" informelle Beziehungen herzustellen, welche die formellen Beziehungen zu beeinflussen suchten und sowohl von den USA als auch von Israel instrumentalisiert wurden. (DÜI-Mjr)

Uhlin, A. Transnational Corporations as Global Political Actors: A Literature Review. Cooperation and Conflict, XXIII, 1988, 231-247. The primary aim of this research note is to present an inventory of propositions and findings concerning TNCs as global political actors. As a framework for this analysis I will classify the literature into three main groups and some subgroups. The three main theoretical schools compared are liberal theory, mercantilist theory and theories of imperialism. Several aspects of the autonomy and power of TNCs, as proponents of different theoretical schools see it, are analysed. The domain and scope of TNC power are discussed and several power bases are listed. Constraints that prevent the potential power of TNCs from being implemented are discussed and TNC instruments for exercising power are listed as well. The scope of the theoretical perspectives used to study TNCs varies. There is need for a synthesis between the actor-oriented liberal approaches and the structural and system-oriented theories of imperialism.

Uhlin, A. Transnational Corporations as Global Political Actors: A Literature Review. Cooperation and Conflict, XXIII, 1988, 231-247. The primary aim of this research note is to present an inventory of propositions and findings concerning TNCs as global political actors. As a framework for this analysis I will classify the literature into three main groups and some subgroups. The three main theoretical schools compared are liberal theory, mercantilist theory and theories of imperialism. Several aspects of the autonomy and power of TNCs, as proponents of different theoretical schools see it, are analysed. The domain and scope of TNC power are discussed and several power bases are listed. Constraints that prevent the potential power of TNCs from being implemented are discussed and TNC instruments for exercising power are listed as well. The scope of the theoretical perspectives used to study TNCs varies. There is need for a synthesis between the actor-oriented liberal approaches and the structural and system-oriented theories of imperialism.