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KEY MESSAGES

The estimated potential of Pakistan's logistics sector is USD 30.7 billion but it has not been realised as yet. Where is it today?
akistan is nowhere in the global scenario according to the recent Logistics Performance Index prepared by the World Bank 2023.
The modal shares are highly skewed towards roads accounting for more than 92 percent of passengers and 96 percent of freight. On average this should be 60 percent.
he motorways and highways constitute less than 10 percent of the total road network but carry almost the entire freight traffic.
he inadequacy and inefficiency of the public transport system in Islamabad bring more private vehicles on the roads.
Heavy losses in the railway sector have necessitated an increase in grants from PKR 45 billion in 2022-23 to PKR 55 in 2023-24. Per-passenger grants amount to PKR 1,261 and PKR 5,556 per ton for freight in 2021-22.
Pakistan Railways has so far failed to adopt the open access policy approved in 2011, which reflects bureaucratic hurdles and governance failures.
PIDE survey reveals that freight forwarders do not use Pakistan Railways because of the non-availability of relevant information, but mainly because of the nonreliability of the services.
Pakistan Post has 10,293 post offices in Pakistan, of which 87 percent are incurring losses, while TCS has a market share of 43 percent with less than 10 percent of branches than Pakistan Post.
The labour unions in public sector organisations have played a major role in resisting reforms, ensuring inefficiencies and substantial losses to the exchequer.

In the transport and logistics systems of the Ukrainian regions, the constituent elements of different types of vehicles, airports, seaports, railway junctions, logistics centers are separated and aimed at achieving individual goals. They do little to achieve common goals, which limits the access of Ukrainian products to the world transport market. The current state of the Ukraine transport system requires research on the formation of aviation transport and logistics clusters. The purpose and objectives of the research are to substantiate the theoretical and methodological foundations and develop practical recommendations for the formation of aviation transport and logistics clusters network as an organizational and economic form of effective interaction of all its participants. The intensification of Ukraine's activities on the development of international cooperation in the field of transport services, adaptation of national legislation to EU norms and standards, as well as countries that are members of international associations, has been considered. The main goal for all participants of the aviation transport and logistics cluster is to provide a competitive service to customers with optimal total costs. The network of aviation transport and logistics clusters is considered as a basis for productive cooperation of partners with a balance of conflicts of interest. The peculiarities of the advantages of membership in aviation transport and logistics clusters are identified. A network of aviation transport and logistics clusters in Ukraine has been proposed, which can be introduced by seven international leading airports – «Lviv» named after Danylo Halytsky, «Dnipro», «Odesa», «Kharkiv», «Kyiv» named after I. Sikorsky (Zhulyany), «Boryspil» (Kyiv) and «Zaporizhzhia International Airport», which serve about 98% of the total passenger, mail and cargo flows and provide six transit routes. The potential of Ukraine's leading international airports has been described. The principles of formation and coordination of ...

Abstract
Globalization and production concentration have led to more efficient supply chain networks, which has led to the emergence of different types of risks. Although most companies have implemented special risk management programs, there may be events that can not be controlled by businesses, and unwanted consequences are not delayed.
The reason I chose the title "Risk Analysis in Transport and Logistics" is that I noticed the increasing importance of transport and logistics in the last period.
The purpose of this work is to determine the impact of risks in transport and logistics activity, and for that has been achieved a desk research, in which I have analyzed the statistical data from 2016, regarding transport services in Romania.
I think that this paper will be useful for all who want to understand the significance impact of risks in transport and logistics activity, representing a suitable source of information in this area.

Looking at the transport industry, as distinguished from the transport function, a number of areas can be identified where changes are happening or are likely to hap‐pen. Changes, which will better connect the transport product to the goods flow system, and also changes which will improve the effectiveness of the transport function in the logistical chain. Both aspects will be discussed here.

Advanced strategies for emergency logistics scheduling problems in urban transport networks have been a challenging topic for centuries. This study proposed a cluster-first route-second constructive heuristic method based on the continuous approximation (CA) for 'one-to-many' vehicle routing to dispatch commidities after an emergency. The objective of the study is to provide a replenish schedule and routing solution from the government/provider's end in order to minimize the total motion cost, pipeline inventory cost, and holding cost with backorder for the disaster relief operation. The developed method can turn the complicated vehicle routing problem (VRP) into a relatively simple travel salesman problem (TSP) for pre-assigned customer sets. The CA is employed to determine the optimal replenish amount and inventory level for the route serving a given location. The Christofides method is then applied to solve the TSP for the selected cluster. Two clustering methods are investigated in this research: (1) a local-based approach where clustering and routing are determined; and (2) a K-mean clustering method where points are clustered upfront by the CA solution. A case study in Miami-Dade County in Florida to dispatch fuels from the depot to 72 gas stations is presented, demonstrating the proposed approach and comparing two clustering methods. The numerical results illustrate the effectiveness of the algorithms and conclude that the local-based clustering approach may yield a lower total cost with a higher motion cost.

"Maritime transport is the transport of people or goods by water. It is the backbone of world trade and globalization. Twenty-four hours a day and all year round, ships carry cargoes to all corners of the globe. Maritime Transport focuses on the operational side of this important industry, covering many topics such as sea traffic currents, passenger transport, short sea shipping and dangerous cargoes. Parts one and two of Maritime Transport present the concepts, theory and background information, then part three presents more complex and deeper issues such as the maritime transportation of the future. It covers topics such as intelligent shipping, data exchange at sea and maritime security. In addition, the book includes fascinating case studies and examples, such as maritime transport in the Baltic sea, ship strategies in Norway and Greece and the benefits of slow steaming. At the end of each chapter there are questions that will help students to gain a deeper understanding of the many topics covered"--

While transport seems to be increasingly constrained in its mission to supply services which are continuous, costless and available in all directions, the telecommunications system seems to have no such constraints and to be developing ever more rapidly in terms of inter‐connectivity, falling costs and multi‐directionality. It would seem to be impossible to contemplate the future demand for transport in isolation from the future demand for telecommunications and the question of the optimal interaction between the two mobility modes. Reviews the benefits of the different forms of telecommunications and virtual logistics. Investigates the implications for freight logistics and the supply side of the transport industry. Suggests a way to re‐engineer the analytical framework.