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Summary. Nowadays, the Republic of Kazakhstan is dynamically forming up its transit policy, improving its directions and the development of new vectors. This article looks into the development of the transit and transport potential of the Republic of Kazakhstan. It presents the main conclusions on the development of a feasibility study for the construction of a logistics terminal in the seaport of Lianyungang (China) as one of the directions of building transit policy, improving its direction and the formation of new vectors. The urgency of building a logistics terminal is conditioned by the necessity for national interests and further expansion of political and economic advantages of Kazakhstan.

This work studies the viability of intermodal transport of horticultural products from southeast Spain to the rest of Europe. This sector has an exportation turnover of 4100 million € and accounts for 69% of total Spanish exports and 35% of the consumption of vegetables in the European Union. The transportation services for the sector are carried out entirely by refrigerated trucks. Due to increased cost, transit limitations, and the strategic dependence on only one transport mode, it is necessary to seek out alternative logistics formulas. In this sense, intermodal transport could be a good option as it can reduce cost and the environmental impact of transport. This paper analyzes the problems involved in using intermodality by conducting a survey among exporters with the additional goal of looking for viable routes using road + short sea shipping. The impact of the transport modal shift on exports is also analyzed using a gravity model. The results show that the route from southeast Spain to the United Kingdom is the most viable. What is more, this strategy can increase exports to this country by reducing transport costs. In general, intermodality can help improve the competitiveness of the Spanish horticultural export sector.

Purpose: The aim of the study adopted by the authors is an attempt to estimate the national railway potential from the point of view of military needs. Design/Methodology/Approach: The conducted research was focused on seeking for the solutions which could improve organisation of rail transport for the army. Findings: The article presents the condition of Polish railways and the possibility of troop movement by berths, as well as the authors' own (pilot) research carried out in the Movement & Transportation Division - the National Movement Coordination Center, aimed at showing the possibilities of improving and moving the army by rail transport. Practical Implications: The pragmatic dimension of the conducted research was based primarily on two main research trends, i.e., the possibility of use of other carriers (from outside of PKP Group) for the transport of soldiers and the possibilities for the Armed Forces to obtain their own capabilities for rail transport. Research results can be used by entities coordinating the movement of troops by rail, including the Movement & Transportation Division - the National Movement Coordination Center. Originality/Value: The issue of possibilities of movement of the troops by rail and improve the movement of the troops by this type of transport remained outside the area of scientific interest. The proposed solutions assume an elimination of infrastructural barriers and shortages in the adequate number of the means of transport to secure the services of the soldiers for the needs of the Polish Armed Forces and of the allied troops staying on or moving through the territory of the country. ; peer-reviewed

Hydrogen in fuel cell (HFC) technology offers a fuel and powertrain solution for a.o. Light Duty Vehicles (LDVs) that is free of tail pipe emissions. This analysis aims at quantifying the potential contribution of this technology to the reduction of air pollution from the European LDV stock. The study shows that HFC technology can contribute to a reduction of local pollutants, but in a very modest scale compared to other measures adopted in European air pollution abatement policy. It also shows that green house gas (GHG) emissions from LDV transport can be reduced to a modest degree even if the hydrogen is produced from natural gas. HFC can, however, contribute to a considerable reduction of GHG emissions to the extent it is based on carbon free energy sources (?2nd generation hydrogen?). The results are obtained using the Sustainable Mobility Project (SMP) Model.

The coastal regions of Russia, which ensure the country's major export/import transactions, have potential for developing special forms of spatial organisation of regional transport system - transport clusters. This form of spatial organisation is better adapted (in comparison to a transport complex) to the ever-changing conditions of a competitive market. It suggests that all business entities of the territory interact thus increasing the competitiveness of transport cluster as a whole. The Kaliningrad region is one of the territories where the formation of an efficient international transport cluster is possible. This article offers a definition of a transport cluster and describes its internal organisation as well as the features of formation thereof in the Kaliningrad region. The practical significance of the article lies in justifying the production of practical recommendations for developing the region's transport potential based on the cluster theory. One of the major results of the study that is presented in this article is the justification of the need for modernising the information and organisational elements of the regional transport complex alongside modernising the transport system infrastructure.