Suchergebnisse

The understanding of transphobia and discrimination against trans people depends on the definition itself of 'trans people'. However, trans terminology is not unambiguous. In this paper I identify terms and definitions commonly used in contemporary scientific research on transphobia (2005-2016) in English, French, Spanish and Portuguese. A review of literature and a qualitative content analysis were carried out. Eight themes were identified within the definitions: identity, expression, sex-gender binary, man-woman binary, body modifications, medical diagnosis, anti-pathological claim and political claim. Different terms are used to emphasise different definitions . I argue that the polysemy of trans terminology raises a concern for studies relying on a fixed and robust definition of trans people. Moreover, research should pay attention to the definitions that it establishes and their effects. Examining gender norms and relying on trans people's self-definitions seems a more fertile approach to understanding transphobia. ; La comprensión de la transfobia y discriminación hacia las personas trans depende de la propia definición de 'persona trans'. Sin embargo, la terminología trans no es unívoca. En este artículo identifico términos y definiciones usadas habitualmente en la investigación científica actual sobre transfobia (2005-2016) en inglés, francés, español y portugués. Se realizó una revisión de literatura y un análisis de contenido cualitativo. Se identificaron ocho temas definitorios: identidad, expresión, binarismo sexo-género, binarismo hombre-mujer, modificaciones corporales, diagnóstico médico, reivindicación anti-patológica y reivindicación política. Diferentes términos son usados para enfatizar diferentes definiciones. Alego que la polisemia de la terminología trans plantea una dificultad para los estudios que usan una definición fija y fuerte. Además, es necesario que la investigación reflexione sobre las definiciones que establece y sus efectos. Examinar las normas de género y contar con las definiciones de las propias personas trans parece una perspectiva más fructífera para comprender la transfobia.

Abstract
This article analyzes the ways in which trans and travesti women experienced state terrorism during the Chilean military dictatorship (1973–90), a subject that has received little attention in memory and recent history studies in Chile. In particular, the authors propose that the use of the concept of human rights by truth commissions, as well as its inclusion in public policies, has largely excluded trans and travesti women. This text therefore introduces the concept of antitrans state terrorism and, given the limited studies that exist on the subject, encourages more historiographic research of state terrorism and trans and travesti women in Chile.

"Known to all police west of the Mississippi" : disrobing the female-to-male cross-dresser -- "I have done my part in the winning of the West" : unveiling the male-to-female cross-dresser -- "And love is a vision and life is a lie" : the daughters of Calamity Jane -- "He was a Mexican" : race and the marginalization of male-to-female cross-dressers in Western history -- "Death of a modern Diana" : sexologists, cross-dressers, and the heteronormalization of the American frontier -- Conclusion : Sierra Flats and haunted valleys : cross-dressers and the contested terrain of America's frontier past

Abstract The riots against a New York City police raid at the Stonewall Inn bar in June, 1969, are often identified as having sparked the movement for LGBT rights, and the commemoration of the riots one year later in June, 1970, inaugurated a series of annual LGBT Pride events that continues to this day worldwide. In this two-part Forum, we reflect on the contradictory effects of Stonewall's international legacy. In this second part of the Forum, Ferreira and Belmont investigate the ways in which 'Stonewall' has been appropriated specifically in Brazil, both during the civil-military dictatorship and in the current fraught political moment. Belmont locates current mismatches between LGBT and queer struggles in Brazil by juxtaposing more mainstream visions of LGBT politics with the margins they create, especially the marginalization of travestis. Belmont exposes the way that dominant LGBT discourse and practices reinforce the continuous violence over dissident bodies and proposes that we look at travestis' experiences and arguments as necessary contributions to a more radical (queer) politics. In the final contribution, Ferreira recapitulates the political demands of NYC's Stonewall events and contrast them to the revolutionary claims of what was called a 'Brazilian Stonewall.' Considering the protagonism of lesbian movements in such events in Brazil, her contribution analyzes, from a queer perspective, the embrace of a multiplicity of identifications in contemporary lesbian activism. She argues that this move creates potentialities for responding to structural violences, while also speaking to questions such as the judicialization and commercialization of LGBTTI causes and homonormativity.

The large number of Thai transgender women (Kathoey) in Thailand and their visible roles in society often lead casual visitors to believe that Thailand is open and accepting of LGBT (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender) culture. Hence, it is common to hear Thailand described as gender tolerant and culturally sensitive. However, transgender women themselves beg to differ. They explain that the accumulated injustices of the Thai state on transgender rights – such as same sex marriage, social welfare, change of gender on identification card and structural employment discrimination - are the main push factor for Thai transgender women migration to Europe. This research presents state and street discrimination in Thailand and Europe. It also presents the visions of Europe that are commonly held by transgender women, visions that motivate some of them to migrate, and argues that these fantasies are romanticizing productions of western colonial influence. In Denmark, the Netherlands, Belgium and The UK, where the governments support equal rights of transgender people, Kathoeys find that they are allowed to legally marry, revel in professional progress, access social welfare and receive transgender legal protections. However compared to Thailand, Kathoeys experience more severe discrimination and transprejudice on street (social) level in Europe. This research studies the phenomenon of Thai transgender women migration to Europe and their perception before migrating and reality of living in Europe. It compares the levels of discrimination in Thailand and Europe and presents empirical data regarding street discrimination towards Kathoeys in Europe, despite state protection. The gap between European legal protections and the negative attitudes toward Kathoeys that continues to exist on the street demonstrates the power of universal and essentialist binary opposition: as hetero-normativity and cis-gender bodies are constructed to comprise normalcy and natural, Kathoeys and their transgendered bodies equate with deviancy and ...

Abstract
The following hybrid essay contributes to, as well as complicates, the afterlife of Giuseppe Campuzano's work on travesti as methodology and offers questions raised from community organizing and collective care in order to claim a legacy of travesti as curandera (healer). This is made evident as the essay weaves through an affective history of AIDS-related struggles in life and death and the networks of care they invoke, including Campuzano's own, in order to move through questions of need, desire, collaboration, and urgency for gender and sexual dissidents in the Global South. These reflections result in a specific theorizing that challenges traditional forms knowledge production and creates possibilities through which to enact queer futures that enhance our commitment to one another's survival.

"Reframing Drag provides a critical survey of French and Anglo-American, queer and feminist theorizations of drag performance, placing these approaches in a dialogue with contemporary drag practice and the representation of drag in three literary texts. Challenging pervasive assumptions circulating in existing queer and feminist analyses of drag performance, the author identifies and questions three recurring ideas, which have shaped the landscape of drag research: the argument that drag performances either uphold or subvert oppressive gender norms, the assumption that drag involves performing as the 'opposite sex', and the belief that drag can shed light on gender performativity. Informed by a range of gender and queer theory, this work contends that an intersectional, transfeminist approach to drag performance can provide richer, more nuanced, understandings of drag, and, unlike the 'opposite sex' narrative, acknowledges the gender diversity at work in current drag scenes"--

A prehistory : Jewish impersonation -- Race and reconstruction : Winnetou in Bad Segeberg -- Winnetou's grandchildren : Indian identification, ethnic expertise, white embodiment -- The violent white gaze : drag and the critique of fascism -- Queer colonialism : ethnographic authority and homosexual desire -- Ethnic travesties

This article offers an exploration into the ways in which the researcher's body enters into a permanent dialogue with the practices and the discourses of the research participants, and is transformed into an essential investigative tool. Based on my ethnographic experience amongst a group of Brazilian travesti sex workers, I will show how my own 'imperfect' body, according to the travesti canons of feminine aesthetics, became an element that awarded me visibility and served as a bridge to interaction with them. At the same time, I was accidentally interpreted by the group as the 'photographer'. From this corporeal interaction, and via the medium of the camera, I was able to legitimize my position amongst travestis and open a new field of theoretical enquiry, developing, therefore, Wacquant's proposal (2004) on a 'corporeal sociology' in the understanding of the active role that the body takes in the research process.

Abstract
This comic was first featured in Quimer(d)a, a Brazilian autonomous collaborative comic zine made by travesti/trans* people. In this piece Lino Arruda attempts to address isolation, structural violence, and unintelligibility with humor as he fictionalizes true stories about his experiences coming out as transmasculine in Brazil.

This article presents the narratives of young people born with HIV told in chatting circles of a Working Group on Vertical Transmission of HIV and Youth. The themes relate to employability and social benefits, as well as the loss of retirement pensions by people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) from 2016 to 2019. Based on the concept of intersectionality, this qualitative research consists of the autoethnography of a Black intersex travesti activist and of a document analysis of minutes, news, meeting memories, personal notes, and legislations. ; Este artigo busca contar as narrativas de jovens que nasceram com HIV apresentadas em rodas de conversa de um Grupo de Trabalho sobre Transmissão Vertical do HIV e Juventudes. Os temas abordados dizem respeito à empregabilidade e benefícios sociais, bem como analisam a perda de aposentadorias por Pessoas Vivendo com HIV/aids (PVHA) no período de 2016 a 2019. O método utilizado para esta pesquisa qualitativa é a autoetnografia de uma ativista travesti negra e intersexo, além da análise documental de atas, notícias, memórias de reuniões, anotações pessoais e legislações, tendo como escolha conceitual de análise a interseccionalidade.

Femininities, Agency, and White Feminist Failures -- I Don't Depend on Men for Shit!: Favela Funk as Industry and Funkeiras' Autonomy -- Femininities on Display: Transgression and the Body in Performance -- Negotiated Femininities: Relationships with Men and other Funkeiras -- Anti-Blackness and Racial Consciousness among Funkeiras -- Sit Down and Observe Your Own Destruction, Macho!: Travesti Performances in Favela Funk -- Beyond Survival: Funkeiras, Embodied Politics, and the Future of Feminism.